剛好看到討論介係詞片語，也就是GMAT修辭with介片的不同說法，

希望也可以讓大家看到不同的解法與思路。


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看到網上爭議的GMAT修辭with介片，提供同學參考哦 ^ ^


網上有爭議的with 介片描述：In fact, prepositional phrases that follow commas
generally DO NOT refer to the preceding noun. these are almost always
adverbial modifiers, which modify the entire preceding clause.



網上這句話是值得商確的，如果這句成立的話，那下一題為何官方指南補充OV 第300頁詳
解，會寫選項(D)&(E)會錯誤修飾到前面的名詞呢?

(官方詳解：The comma introduces a confusing phrase seeming to modify
extinction)

這正是因為GMAT會將： ,with + N，當形容詞，會修飾到前面的名詞。



OV-70

The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with
extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT
was sharply restricted in the early 1970's.



(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than

(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than

(C) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were

(D) extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had

(官方詳解：The comma introduces a confusing phrase seeming to modify
extinction)

(E) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than

(官方詳解：The comma introduces a confusing phrase seeming to modify
extinction)

正解：(A)





我們再看一題OV-96：這正是因為GMAT會將： ,with + N，當形容詞會修飾到前面的名詞。

所以答案B的官方詳解寫到：The prepositional phrase, with…has no clear noun or
noun phrase to attach to and is therefore ungrammatical.

如果官方不覺得,with + N會當形容詞就不可能寫上述的詳解了。
所以這是修辭的一個很難的考點：為避免,with + N，當形容詞，會修飾到前面的名詞，
修辭會補出同位語，讓意思就不易混肴，也讓有同位語的答案易對哦。
下題就是這樣的情況。

所以如果同學誤解,with 一定接 absolute的話，像上述的觀念(In fact,
prepositional phrases that follow commas generally DO NOT refer to the
preceding noun. these are almost always adverbial modifiers, which modify the
entire preceding clause.)，答案B，也會是正確的。所以這個考點同學一定要學會。



OV-96

Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoys collects
and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the
atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate.



(A) atmosphere, interactions that affect

(B) atmosphere, with interactions affecting

(官方詳解：The prepositional phrase, with…has no clear noun or noun phrase
to attach to and is therefore ungrammatical.)

(C) atmosphere that affects

(D) atmosphere that is affecting

(E) atmosphere as affects

正解：(A)



同學們對,with + N總是頭痛不己，所以在這提供解析哦。

1 介片在句中當做修飾語（形容詞或副詞），用來修飾名詞、動詞、形容詞與副詞等各
種詞類。

2 它的位置通常是在所修飾的對象後面。

3 With 介語當形容詞語義為：in the company of; accompanying 主要表示伴隨或補
述

4 我們先來舉兩個當形容詞的例句：

5 It is a plain white envelope with her name printed on it.

6 We went into a room, with a large fan spinning over head.

7 由上面的例句可以很清楚知道，with 介片前有無逗點，和形容詞子句有無逗點一樣
，都是限定或非限定的差別，上面例句都是with修飾前面的名詞。




下面我們看PP3-1-162.這題。

正解：(D) argiope build webs (that are essentially wheel-like), with an outer
rim…。這題 ,with + N，當形容詞，會跳過整個THAT形容詞子句修飾到前面的名詞web。
表補述所以用逗點,with + N。



PP3-1-162.

Such orb-weaving spiders like the argiope build webs in an essentially
wheel-like structure, with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from
the hub.



A. Such orb-weaving spiders like the argiope build webs in an essentially
wheel-like structure

B. Such orb-weaving spiders as the argiope builds webs with what is
essentially a wheel-like structure

C. The argiope spider, in the same way as other orb-weaving spiders, build
webs in a structure that is essentially wheel-like

D. Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs that are essentially
wheel-like

E. Like other orb-weaving spiders do, the argiope builds webs as essentially
wheel-like

正解：(D)



同樣地，我們來研究這道爭議題：OV69，一樣是,with + N當形容詞片語修飾scale。補述
scale的規模之大。很好玩地在PP1-57 = PP2-77，這題又出現了極相近的版本。這次with
前沒逗點了。所以其實就只差在限定或非限定的必要與非必要訊息的差別。



OV69

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale,
with more than 75 carefully

engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex
regional system of roads.



(A) scale, with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600
rooms each, were

(B) scale, with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600
rooms each,

(C) scale of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms,
each that had been

(D) scale of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms
and with each

(E) scale of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms,
each had been

正解：(B)




PP1-57 = PP2-77

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale
with more than 75 carefully

engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex
regional system of roads.



(A) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms
each, were

(B) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms
each,

(C) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each
that had been

(D) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and
with each

(E) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each
had been

正解：(B)



備註：而,with也會接absolute獨立結構，但，是有條件的哦。

而且康康經選好幾題的研究，發現GMAT有內規來區分形容詞片語與獨立結構的哦。

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