「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

我收藏了蔡依橙、Emmy推薦的《#世界大局地圖全解讀》系列第3集 MAPPING THE WORLD Vol.3

這系列的書是彩色印製、圖表分析，特別大本，拿起來沈甸甸翻開來閃亮亮值得收藏，分析全球國際議題，由法國「國際風險分析與預測中心」創辦人Alexis Bautzmann以及 法國地緣政治研究學者Guillaume Fourmont 撰文編著國際關係與戰略的分析。

非常推薦對國際關係很有興趣的人收藏這本！這本很豐富，分歐洲篇、中東篇、非洲篇、亞洲篇、美洲篇、環境議題篇、國際議題篇。

這本還很特別的有獨家專題「#印太戰略小北約」，是 #蔡榮峰 撰文的，他是國防安全研究政策分析員，也是在 #菜市場政治學 有專欄的作者～

我就不多爆雷啦！等等只談與台海戰略安全有關的～

#我是法理建國派的皮筋兒
身為法理建國的支持者，來分享一下我知道的國際法與國際政治的關係好了(˶‾᷄ ⁻̫ ‾᷅˵)

大多數人不知道國際法其實是國際政治的天花板，但我們必須意識到國際法的規則怎麼形成，還有框架之下的運作模式是什麼，才有辦法運用國際法來保障自身的權益。

臺澎國際法法理建國連線創辦人黃聖峰 有在 台澎小堅果 直播聊到：

👉🏻國際法的形成與運作 https://wp.me/pd1HGm-4Z

👉🏻主權的概念形成與發展 https://wp.me/pd1HGm-5k

因為「主權平等原則」，國際間沒有世界政府，即便某些大國看起來像是國際警察，但仍舊必須遵守國際法，大國之間的恐怖平衡、檯面上下的國際政治、經濟等等角力，也讓小國們從國際關係中找到與之相近理念的國家互相結盟。

♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡

收到宅配我回家以後立刻翻到p.191 看到 #四方安全對話（QUAD)第一屆峰會，是由美國、日本、印度、澳洲，於2021.3.12以視訊進行的對話，來探討如何面對中國帶來的挑戰，以聯繫印太地區穩定。

⚠️先來個 #國際法小知識 回顧：

#中國主權國家中的兩個政權🇹🇼🇨🇳
腦力激盪之前，請大家先看這個🔗 https://youtu.be/lss2OdMhi90

1912.2.12建立，可被承認是中國合法代表政府的中華民國政權，為它想代表的主權國家「中國」取的國號叫「中華民國🇹🇼」；1949.10.1建立，可被承認是中國合法代表政府的PRC政權，為它想代表的主權國家「中國」取的國號叫「中華人民共和國🇨🇳」。

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
以下來看看四方安全對話的國家對中國主權國家（PCR政權/ROC政權）以及台灣✨的看法：

#美國 🇺🇸承認PRC政權為中國主權國家合法代表政府是在1979.1.1，美國駐華大使館就搬到北京；中華民國政權在此刻以後不被美國承認，僅被看作是治理台灣✨的政權而已。

🇺🇸美國的立場 《#台灣關係法》歷史脈絡 https://www.facebook.com/100047156705396/posts/281658133416075/

🇺🇸美國的立場一直都是台澎領土主權歸屬未定 https://www.facebook.com/100047156705396/posts/297467095168512/

🇺🇸美國立場聲明1955.02.16關於中華民國治理台澎行為的性質，國務卿 John Foster Dulles 表示：
在 1945 年，中華民國被委託治理（福爾摩莎與澎湖群島）
“[i]n 1945, [t]he Republic of China was entrusted with authority over (Formosa and the Pescadores), ”
Our Foreign Policies in Asia, DEP'T ST. BULL., Feb. 1955 at 329
涵義：中華民國是受委託治理台澎。

🇺🇸2014.09.22 ZIVOTOFSKY V. KERRY 一案實體答辯，國務院代理法律顧問 MARY E. MCLEOD 表示：
美國承認中華人民共和國（政府）是中國唯一的合法政府，但對於中國的「只有一個中國，且台灣是中國的一部份」的立場只有認知。因為美國對後面這個議題並無採取立場，因此本部門認為列名為「台灣」或「中國」所傳達的訊息與總統的承認政策一致－－各該選項涉及的是地理描述，並非主張台灣是身為主權國家的中國的一部份。
“The United States recognizes the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, but it merely acknowledges the Chinese position that there is only one China and that Taiwan is part of China. J.A. 154. Because the United States does not take a position on the latter issue, the Department concluded that listing either “Taiwan” or “China” would convey a message consistent with the President’s recognition policy—either option involves a geographic description, not an assertion that Taiwan is or is not part of sovereign China. ”
http://www.justice.gov/osg/brief/zivotofsky-v-kerry-brief-merits
涵義：美國僅「認知」但未承認中華人民共和國「台灣是中國的一部分」的立場。
-

#日本 🇯🇵 承認PRC政權為中國主權國家合法代表政府是在1972.9.29，此時與中華民國政權代表的中國簽訂的《#中日和約》在法律上就是實質停止了。

🇯🇵日本的立場 1972.09.29日本對台澎主權的立場及對中國主張台灣為其領土一部分的立場，日本政府 表示：
日本政府完全瞭解並尊重中華人民共和國所持「台灣為其領土一部分」的立場，且「日本政府」維持本身在波茲坦宣言下的立場。
“it fully understands and respects the P.R.C. government's stand that [Taiwan is a part of its territory] and that [the Japan government] maintains its stand under the Potsdam Proclamation.”
Joint Communiqu6 of the Government of Japan and the Government of the
涵義：日本不承認中國「台灣為其領土一部分」的主張

🇯🇵日本的立場在第46回国会衆議院予算委員会第17号昭和39年2月29日，1964.02.29
日本政府對台澎主權歸屬的立場，內閣總理 池田勇人 表示：中華民國不具有台澎主權，僅具有過渡性質的施政權。台澎主權歸屬應由簽署 #舊金山和約 的同盟國決定。

-

#印度🇮🇳 承認PRC政權為中國主權國家合法代表政府是在1950.4.1，是在《舊金山和約》生效 之前耶！難怪印度會在《舊金山和約》簽署前表態，這時候印度認為的中國主權國家是由PRC政權為合法國家政府代表了喔！

🇮🇳1951.08.23印度對舊金山和約中未明定將台灣主權歸還中國表示抗議，印度政府 表示：
印度政府認為在條約中規定福爾摩莎島應歸還中國是最重要的。其歸還的時間與方式可以另行協商。但在企圖對日本和所有交戰政府間的關係進行規範的文件中無視過去的國際協議，讓該島嶼的未來處於未定狀態，在印度政府眼中，既不恰當也非權宜之計。
“[T]he Government of India attach[es] the greatest importance to the Treaty providing that the Island of Formosa should be returned to China. The time and manner of such return might be the subject of separate negotiations but to leave the future of the Island undetermined, in spite of past international agreements, in a document which attempts to regulate the relations ofJapan with all Governments that were engaged in the last war against her does not appear to the Government of India to be either just or expedient.”
India Refuses To Be Party to Treaty, Memorandum of India
涵義：印度政府認為舊金山和約未將台澎主權移轉給中國。
-

#澳洲🇦🇺 承認PRC政權為中國主權國家合法代表政府是在1972年。

🇦🇺澳洲去殖民化建國可看這篇 https://wp.me/pd1HGm-aY

🇦🇺澳洲在1941年與中華民國建立公使級外交關係，1949年中華民國政權流亡到台灣後亦未中斷，並於1966年升格為大使級外交關係。1972年澳洲工黨上台之後，澳洲宣布與承認中華人民共和國政權為中國主權國家政府，澳洲沒有與中國斷交，只是換承認其國家政府代表而已。

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
看完上述四方國家🇺🇸🇯🇵🇮🇳🇦🇺對中國、台灣的看法，就可以瞭解各國很明確知道：
1. 台灣不是中國
2. 不是中華人民共和國政權代表的中國的
3. 台灣也不等於中華民國政權
4. 台澎領土主權歸屬未定

美國與日本簽署的《#美日安保條約》遠東地區還涵蓋台澎，不要忽略了《美日安保條約》的威力，也不要忘了美國在西太平洋的軍事力量有很大一部份就在離台灣沒多遠的沖繩縣：嘉手納空軍基地。離台灣最近美軍海軍軍港在日本沖繩縣：白灘海軍基地，這也是美國海軍第三遠征軍司令部所在地。而美國第七艦隊總司令部在哪？在日本神奈川縣橫須賀市，橫須賀美國艦隊基地。

//即使美國不出兵，只要戰火波及日本國土，使日本的國家安全受到威脅，出現「周邊有事」的情況，讓日本被迫出兵自衛，美國也一樣會被捲入戰事之中。而為了因應這樣的可能性，日本一連串與安保條約有關的和平安全法制裡，就包括了「重要影響事態法」。// - https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=60128

2017年美國聯邦政府發表《#國家安全戰略》（National Security Strategy)報告，正式點名中國為戰略競爭對手，美中競爭關係檯面化，讓不少人用「#新冷戰」一詞來形容當前國際局勢。

#直面中國東部戰區威脅的台灣

我看到p.195 放了一張「台灣防空識別區」，那個框整個框到中國沿岸，我查了一下其實這是「中華民國防空識別區」才對，ROC防空識別區會這樣畫，是為了把金馬（中國領土）包進去。

雖然是可以自己畫，而這個防空識別區（ADIZ)設置全球有約20個地域設置，這概念尚無國際法效力，但在國際政治上卻有重要的生存空間意涵，因為在實際應用上會牽涉到對空武器及戰機的使用，所以劃設防空識別區是具有高度政治及軍事意涵的動作。

可以看一下日本跟韓國之間的防空識別區：
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/JADIZ_and_CADIZ_and_KADIZ_in_East_China_Sea.jpg

-
#從美中對峙、美蘇冷戰、看美軍的太平洋佈局

p.196這頁中有一段話：「1947至1991年冷戰時代......美國與日本、大韓民國、『台灣』、菲律賓、泰國、澳洲、紐西蘭、巴基斯坦、阿拉伯半島諸國分別以條約結盟，形成海洋包圍陸地的圍堵態勢。」

其中的「台灣」其實應該是指「中華民國政權代表的中國國家」與美國簽訂的《#中美共同防禦條約》喔！

來回顧一下美國🇺🇸當時的表態：

👉🏻1955.02.10關於中美共同防禦條約是否影響台澎主權之歸屬，參議院外交關係委員會主席 Walter F. George 表示：
參議院批准本條約並不會強化或弱化蔣政府對於國際地位尚未決定之福爾摩莎的主權主張。
“Senate approval of the Treaty would neither strengthen nor weaken the Chiang Governmen's [sic] claim to sovereignty over Formosa, the international status of which is yet to be decided.”
Senate Approves Formosa Treaty, N.Y. TIMEs, Feb. 10, 1955
涵義：中美共同防禦條約不影響「台澎主權未定」的法理狀態。

👉🏻1955.02.07關於中華民國治理台澎行為的性質，國務卿 John Foster Dulles 表示：
蔣【介石】將軍僅被要求為同盟國及相關國家管理它們（福爾摩莎及澎湖群島），等待關於其所有權的最終決定。
“General Chiang [Kai-shek] was merely asked to administer them (Formosa and the Pescadores) for the Allied and associated powers pending a final decision as to their ownership.'”
New Formosa Bid, N.Y. Times, Feb. 7, 1955, at Al
涵義：蔣介石（中華民國）是依同盟國的要求管理台澎。

✨各國立場資料整理網站在這🔗 http://www.rotpnetwork.tw/reference.php?LAN=TW
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
🥲雖然我知道蠻多人分不清楚「台灣與中華民國」之間的關係，我還是衷心希望，大家可以在看待國際形勢時，能將台澎法理地位當作基礎認知♡

最後，「島鏈的形成與戰略幾何學」在 p.197彩色圖好漂亮！大推推～

#台澎領土主權歸屬未定
#終止代管自決建國
#宅力就是防疫力也是學習力

#今天來好幾個戰學歷的
#已經吵一個月的那個要找我來電的法學博士我懶得講他
#來認真回應跳出來喊政治學專家的

「台澎法理地位」是每個台澎人都需要了解的，所以我從未說過需要什麼資格才能來談論。
👉🏻法理建國派的目標 https://wp.me/pd1HGm-3U

唉，馬英九也法學博士畢業啊，人家還哈佛的喔，所以馬英九的水準如何呢？
事實就是，有些人就算是拿到博士，知識程度、文字理解跟邏輯能力仍舊只有幼稚園大班程度。
哈佛大學法學博士馬英九說：台灣是中華民國的領土。他也博士啊，那就正確嗎？
重點不是學歷，是談論的客觀史實好嗎～

台澎（領土）主權未定（沒有論：https://www.facebook.com/258660130833607/posts/4046594352040147/?d=n）在《舊金山和約》就是說明的很清楚，日本放棄對台澎領土所具有的權利名義（title），相關的一切權利（right），及一切的主張請求（claim）。

對有簽《舊金山和約》的48個國家與日本來說二戰都結束了。一堆國家依照《舊金山和約》第 26 條簽了子約來結束跟日本的戰爭關係了 ，這邊不存在漏洞跟瑕疵，你個人怎樣想也不足以改變具有國際法效力的和平條約。

《舊金山和約》在所有簽約國之間是有效的，誰有出席沒出席（中國誰代表）根本不是重點。

按國際法狀態下，中國主權國家（法人格）內部的兩政權戰爭的確還沒結束。
我們在直播中說過了：九二共識 https://www.facebook.com/100047156705396/posts/289153922666496/
(⚠️ROC政權片面宣布動員戡亂時期終止，PRC政權不承認的話就表示中國內戰還未結束；如果已經結束了那就不需要提什麼和平協議了，協議不是國與國的關係。戰爭無法片面結束，而且中華民國政權軍隊到現在還是把中華人民共和國政權認定為敵人呀٩◔̯◔۶)

延伸閱讀Q&A95:和平協議是什麼？https://reurl.cc/KxoLYe
我們法理建國派從未主張要從中華民國中獨立喔，因為台澎領土主權歸屬未定，不屬於任何國家，因此不需要從中華民國政權想代表的中國中獨立。
天啊你也太可愛完全沒了解我們的論述。
台灣不是統獨問題，是建國的議題。

👉🏻Q&A29獨立是什麼？建國獨立跟獨立建國不一樣嗎？：https://www.facebook.com/258660130833607/posts/4090633357636246/?d=n

國際法上的主權國家（sovereign state)是具有國家法人格（statehood)的政治實體。台澎只是實質自主運作的單位而已，欠缺國家法人格，這個要透過國際法法理程序來完成才會法理獨立de jure，國際法上不存在事實獨立這種政治詞彙。

👉🏻Q&A21國際法是什麼？: https://www.facebook.com/258660130833607/posts/4069042586461990/?d=n
👉🏻Q&A23國家的各項屬性有什麼？: https://www.facebook.com/258660130833607/posts/4074186395947609/?d=n

你要知道的是在國際上喊了「台灣是中國的一省」的是中華民國政權想代表的中國，但實際上「台灣光復就是騙局」。

透過國際法法規路線是為了二戰過後沒能處理到的問題，去把它釐清，國際上會關注我們的行動是否能產生法理上的效果，目前國際間也根本搞不清楚台灣人要幹嘛，國際間也根本不想管那麼多，更別說介入中國的內政（國際上看就知道ROC政權跟PRC政權在爭代表政府），但對有參與二戰的同盟國國家都是清楚知道台澎領土主權歸屬未定的事實，只是不會特別出來幫腔什麼，因為最重要的還是台澎住民要怎麼想怎麼自決。

再來，聯合國並不是國際政府，其實就只是讓各國聚在一起討論事情的組織，國際聊天室的概念。那是否要將台澎依照聯合國託管制度處理要由當時盟軍全體成員決定。既然盟軍之中簽署《舊金山和約》的成員僅決定將台澎主權歸屬問題留待日後處理，並沒有說要依照聯合國託管制度處理，所以聯合國這個國際聊天室自然沒有主動插手干涉的資格。而聯合國2758號決議，只是正式的承認中華人民共和國政權是中國主權國家的代表政府，中國從沒退出聯合國，只是換一個中國代表政府而已，這個也與台澎地位無關。

聖峰在演講有說過～
👉🏻聖峰演講影片Youtube ：
https://youtu.be/-a_qHXh_URM
👉🏻聖峰演講實錄Podcast：
https://anchor.fm/rotpnetwork-shin-hong-ng/episodes/2019-03-29-ep8kln
在國外念國際法都一定會討論到台灣的問題，因為台灣的例子實在太特別了。主權母國的放棄，然後沒有下一步，住民也沒完成去殖民化行使住民自決權。

之前我有寫一篇新加坡，你可以看看很有趣。新加坡怎麼獨立？ https://www.facebook.com/100047156705396/posts/293263978922157/?d=n
台澎剛好是在新加坡被趕出馬來西亞聯邦（主權母國放棄）到新加坡人自決的中間這個階段。

在國際上，台澎法理地位就是與金馬法理地位不同，這個國際上很明確知道，美簽就很清楚。https://www.facebook.com/100047156705396/posts/291595519089003/

台澎人在國際上拿著中華民國政權的東西，一直喊我是台灣，這種方式是不可能改變台灣地位的，不可能把「台灣等於中華民國」跟「台澎領土主權歸屬未定」放在一起。

#腦力激盪
請先看這個🔗 https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=rotpnetwork&set=a.2763561250403580

1912.2.12建立，可被承認是中國代表政府的中華民國政權，為它想代表的主權國家「中國」取的國號叫「中華民國」；1949.10.1建立，可被承認是中國代表政府的PRC政權，為它想代表的主權國家「中國」取的國號叫「中華人民共和國」。

解釋一下，假設具有國家法人格（statehood)的主權國家（sovereign state)是一個機器人，需要駕駛員才可以駕駛。

這個機器人叫作China，在1945.10.24由ROC政權擔任駕駛將這個China機器人開進聯合國這個club取得席次。在1949.10.1之後China出現了另一個具備駕駛機器人資格的駕駛員PRC政權，要跟ROC爭奪駕駛位子。後來1971.10.25，聯合國club決定在這個club裡的China機器人應該改由PRC政權擔任駕駛員。

很多人說中華民國是國家不是政權，那就請問，假設中華民國假設不是駕駛員（代表政府）而是機器人（具有國家法人格的主權國家），那它離開聯合國之後，有讓club少一個國家（席次）嗎？沒有啊！club中還是有China機器人存在，只是駕駛員換了而已。

好的，中華民國政權是在「中國主權國家法人格」內自1912.2.12.建立的政權，中華民國政權作為中國代表政府待在聯合國26年，坐在「中國席次」上，雖然離開聯合國中國席次，但仍舊可以被其他國家「承認」其為中國合法代表政府，法律上資格仍舊存在，所以現在就還有15個國家承認中華民國政權是中國合法代表政府哦！
-

最後。

我不是用「企圖說服」的方式，我是從了解國際法才開始展開對話的喔！當然別人有別的辦法，也許是抬高公民意識加入公民團體，而我用自己喜歡的方式，這不是不切實際，是我能力所及範圍全心投入的真諦。

我也不是要說服你，來讓你對我本人支持，我的談話對象就是台澎人。正確的史實可以被檢視，真理可以越辯越明。

再者，所謂的「正確史實」並不是沒有客觀標準的，什麼事情曾經發生、什麼事情不曾發生，就是有客觀標準。

中華民國政權依據盟軍《一般命令第一號》中的安排到台澎接受日軍投降，並為盟軍全體成員佔領代管台澎，這就是客觀史實。

依照國際社會所遵循的規範，「佔領無法移轉領土主權」，所以中華民國政權口中的「台灣光復」並不存在，這就是客觀史實。

中華民國政權1946年行憲後第一任總統蔣介石於1949年親筆寫下「台灣法律地位與主權，在對日和會未成以前，不過為我國一托管地之性質」告誡陳誠，白紙黑字有憑有據，這就是客觀史實。

48個同盟國成員跟日本在1951.9.8簽署《舊金山和約》，和約內只要求日本放棄台澎主權，這就是客觀史實。

中華民國政權跟日本在1952.4.28簽署《中日和約》，和約內只提到承認日本在《舊金山和約》放棄對台澎所具有的權利名義（title），相關的一切權利（right），及一切的主張請求（claim）。這就是客觀史實。

中華民國政權跟美國在1954簽署《中美共同防禦條約》，美國參議院在批准該和約時，明白聲明該和約不會影響台澎法理地位，這就是客觀史實。

並不是「台澎人立場講的才是史實」，而是法理建國派以「足以佐證歷史發展脈絡的事證」為根據發言，而我們的「台澎人」身分則是依據這些事證來認定。

換句話說，我們並不是「因為我是台澎人，所以我說的這些是史實」這種我說了算的霸道態度；而是「依據這些事證，實際上發生的狀況應該是這樣，因此，看了這些才知道其實我們是台澎人，並不是中華民國人。」

你必須知道，你現在持續把中華民國當成台灣，就是讓一中兩政權框架無止盡的強暴台澎與台澎人及其後代。李明哲事件 https://www.facebook.com/100047156705396/posts/283204039928151/

你所謂的所有國家利益，我之前也說過了，透過《舊金山和約》建構出「台灣地位未定」這個法律狀態所要達成的「將台澎跟中國切割」的目的，是持續保護台澎近七十年的法理狀態。
美國立場也始終如一。對美國來說，最符合它利益的並不是台灣繼續延續維持原狀，而是在台灣上面存在一個不會與中國糾纏不清的政府，（與中國有經濟往來不算），又能親近美國，並且願意與美國在西太平洋地區建立緊密合作關係，讓台灣這艘不沈的航空母艦永遠不會與美國為敵。

可以來看看其他國家立場。感謝 臺澎國際法法理建國連線 http://www.rotpnetwork.tw/reference.php?LAN=TW

👉🏻英國
1966.12.19
答覆英國對台灣法理地位的政策
外交國務大臣 Walter Padley 表示：
是的。Caradon 爵士 11 月 28 日就我們在聯合國大會中對中國代表權議題的投票內容進行說明時，指出了我們對福爾摩莎地位的立場。其陳述複本可在圖書館找到。我們仍維持「福爾摩沙島的主權未定」的觀點。
HC Deb 19 December 1966 vol 738 cc185-6W

#涵義：英國認為台灣島主權未定。

👉🏻 1955.02.11
英國外交部提交內閣傳閱之密件
外交部 Foreign Office 表示：

將蔣介石放在那裏（台灣）的安排是讓他到那裏負責為同盟國全體進行軍事占領，等待與日本簽署的和約。或如果和約未對福爾摩沙的地位作出最終處置（實際上沒有），則等待對福爾摩沙的最終處置－這也尚未發生。這項安排並不會讓台澎成為中國的領土。

CAB 129/73/38; Former Reference: C (55) 38

#涵義：蔣介石在台灣是負責為同盟國全體進行軍事占領，等待最終處置。這項安排並不會讓台澎成為中國的領土。

👉🏻法國
1964
關於台澎主權歸屬，及此問題的處理方式
總理 Georges Pompidou 表示：

在對日和約中，「福爾摩莎（台灣）從日本分離，但並未歸屬於任何國家」。所以，福爾摩莎未決定的狀態「必須在某一天決定，並將福爾摩莎居民的願望納入考量。」

N.Y. Times, Apr. 24, 1964. at 4, col. 4. See also Editorial, Sell-Deterininalion for Taiwan, N.Y. Times, May 19, 1964, at 36, col. 2 (supporting Pompidou's statement).

#涵義：台澎主權不屬於任何國家，未來決定時應考量住民想法。

👉🏻印度
1951.08.23
印度對舊金山和約中未明定將台灣主權歸還中國表示抗議
印度政府 表示：

印度政府認為在條約中規定福爾摩莎島應歸還中國是最重要的。其歸還的時間與方式可以另行協商。但在企圖對日本和所有交戰政府間的關係進行規範的文件中無視過去的國際協議，讓該島嶼的未來處於未定狀態，在印度政府眼中，既不恰當也非權宜之計。
India Refuses To Be Party to Treaty, Memorandum of India

#涵義：印度政府認為舊金山和約未將台澎主權移轉給中國。

👉🏻埃及
1951
關於在舊金山和約中未明定台澎主權歸屬的原因
埃及政府 表示：

吾國政府相信此項省略背後的原因，是要提供依聯合國憲章處理此問題的機會，並將自決 (self-determination) 原則及這些領土的住民表達的要求納入考量。

CONFERENCE FOR THE CONCLUSION AND SIGNATURE OF THE TREATY OF PEACE WITH JAPAN: RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS (Dep't of State Pub. 4392, 1951) at 93
#涵義：埃及政府認為舊金山和約未決定台澎主權歸屬，此問題之後可依聯合國憲章解決。

——————

在國際發聲的台灣人必須清楚知道中華民國台灣化的危險，絕對不能忘記中華民國是中國流亡政權的這個本質，不要想「正名修憲、制憲或是國籍正名」這種屬於內部自決權的範疇都不具有國際法效力。
內部自決權 vs 外部自決權、民族自決權 vs 住民自決權、自決權的行使
https://www.facebook.com/100047156705396/posts/296986638549891/

我會持續揭露客觀史實，即使你慧根無法理解，我也會持續努力，你這種跑來我版上亂罵的人才是對言論自由的汙辱，才是不尊重。
我是法理建國派，我主張 #終止代管自決建國
👉🏻［英語繁中字］台灣在國際上不被承認的原因與解決方法：https://youtu.be/lss2OdMhi90