孤獨對人體的傷害，竟等同於1天抽15根菸？
(有中文版！）

在全球疫情的衝擊之下，人與人之間的距離不得不拉開。在線上模式飛速發展的同時，卻有許多人身心出了狀況。這本書似乎面對這個趨勢而寫，但其實身為經濟學者的作者，指出結構化所造成的孤獨早在疫情之前，已經發酵了一個世紀。特別是在1970年代，新自由經濟主義的興起，讓世界的價值觀趨向由市場經濟來決定。看似標榜著自由，但鼓吹個人主義的另一面，卻不知不覺得犧牲了社群的價值，以及金錢無法衡量的一些事物。

作者說明孤獨並不只是一個人單身或獨居的狀態，其實那與內心的孤獨感並不一定是相關的。這裡說的孤獨更廣義的事即便身旁有人卻感受不到連結，或甚至在一個環境當中沒有歸屬感，以及渺小無力無法參與在社會或者是工作場合中的那種無力。作者不能免俗的在一開始用許多人甚至是動物的實驗，說明這樣的孤獨感對身體的傷害，以及習慣於孤獨狀態的人，在面對他人時，反而不知如何應對。甚至會有杯弓蛇影的自我防衛攻擊傾向。書本前段講到現在很多民粹政治的現象，以及這些現象如何吸引顧感到孤獨者的支持。我個人是覺得他雖然努力平衡報導，但不免對某些政治人物有比較強烈的批判。

但書本後半部有幾個點我覺得還不錯。首先是她論述關於居住環境以及工作職場，因著租賃或甚至共享經濟的形式興起，副作用就是讓人沒有歸屬感。而沒有歸屬感的背後自然就不會輕易承擔社群責任 （畢竟身邊的人一直來去，投入情感太過消耗）。過去社會中有一些社群是能夠讓社會不同階級的人，站在同一個平等的位置上互動。例如以前的社區公園或圖書館，學校的義務教育，服兵役的經驗，甚至是西方社會當中的教堂。但自由經濟主義，讓其中一些變成階級化。而新冠疫情的衝擊，更是影響到人們聚集的意願。如何重新建立這種拋開階級的社群體，是一個值得思考的議題。

另外一點是作者用一章說明 The Digital Whip ("數位鞭打")。在許多共享平台上，人力成為手機上點選就可以得到的服務，而一些企業當中更是用所謂的數位化管理監視員工的一舉一動，名義上是為了他們的健康和給予工作反饋，但更多時候是為了效率最佳化。當車隊司機從休息時間可以一起用餐的同事，變成相互競爭的外送員。當人的價值是幾顆星的評等，那種無助和焦慮感都是以前未能想像的。作者很務實的說到，自動化以及線上化這些趨勢銳不可擋，也的確為一些人帶來新的賺錢管道。但是如果對其中的工作者保護不足，最終社會仍然要附上不小的代價。

在與病毒共存的零接觸時代中，要如何對抗孤獨的魔咒？民主社會中除了手上那一票的力量之外，其實不要小看我們每一個人身邊可以做的小事。這當中包括對陌生人微笑，向給與服務的人誠摯說謝謝，與家人朋友在一起時不要拿出手機，在自己所在的社群當中有意識的承擔更多，等等。我們的歸屬感，不是來自於品牌忠誠度或者是消費，而是來自於你親自參與建造的。

畢竟，社群只能建立 不能用錢堆積。

"We need to recast ourselves from consumers to citizens, from takers to givers, from casual observers to active participants... this is about taking opportunities to exercise our listening skills whether in the context of work our family lives or in our friendships. It's about accepting sometimes what's best for the collective, is not what's in our own immediate self-interest "
(我們需要重新定位自己，從消費者變成公民，從接受者變成給予者，從旁觀者變成積極參與，....我們需要把握機會，在工作中，家庭生活，以及朋友當中，主動操練傾聽的能力。同時這也是關乎我們要學習接受對於大家整體最好的選擇，有時候不見得是對我們個人立即有好處的）

📚延伸閱讀📚

📘“Tribe： On homecoming and belonging" 找尋部落的歸屬感
https://dushuyizhi.net/tribe-on-homecoming-and-belonging/

📙“Resilience Thinking" 向大自然學習韌性與永續思維，回想起其中我整理的第6和第9點，我們對於社群中無形的價值必須重新看重
https://dushuyizhi.net/resilience-thinking/

📗"The Value of Everything" 萬物的價值-- 當我們用金錢衡量一切，那些難以承受的副作用誰來抗？
https://dushuyizhi.net/the-value-of-everything/

全文與中文版連結在部落格中👇👇👇
https://dushuyizhi.net/the-lonely-century/

#TheLonelyCentury #NoreenaHertz #ContactlessAge #Community #孤獨世紀 #無接觸世代 #社群

#中文又差英文又弱
#呢條係講哪種食物必須在標籤上註明UseBy

//如預先包裝食物從微生物觀點看是非常易毀消的，因此在一段短時期之後相當可能對人類健康構成即時的危險。。。//

⤴️⤴️ 我明白呢條條款係點運用嘅，
只係想問吓有無人睇得明白，
呢堆中文字加埋嘅意思啫 🙄

⤵️⤵️ 睇埋英文版會明白多啲，定係更加唔明？🤷🏻‍♀️

//in the case of a prepackaged food which, from the microbiological point of view, is highly perishable and is therefore likely after a short period to constitute an immediate danger to human health...//

【Joshua Wong speaking to the Italian Senate】#意大利國會研討會演說 —— 呼籲世界在大學保衛戰一週年後與香港人站在同一陣線

中文、意大利文演說全文：https://www.patreon.com/posts/44167118

感謝開創未來基金會（Fondazione Farefuturo）邀請，讓我透過視像方式在意大利國會裡舉辦的研討會發言，呼籲世界繼續關注香港，與香港人站在同一陣線。

意大利作為絕無僅有參與一帶一路發展的國家，理應對中共打壓有更全面的理解，如今正值大學保衛戰一週年，以致大搜捕的時刻，當打壓更為嚴峻，香港更需要世界與我們同行。

為了讓各地朋友也能更了解香港狀況，我已在Patreon發佈當天演說的中文、英文和意大利文發言稿，盼望在如此困難的時勢裡，繼續讓世界知道我們未曾心息的反抗意志。

【The Value of Freedom: Burning Questions for Hong Kongers】

Good morning. I have the privilege today to share some of my thoughts and reflections about freedom, after taking part in social activism for eight years in Hong Kong. A movement calling for the withdrawal of the extradition law starting from last year had escalated into a demand for democracy and freedom. This city used to be prestigious for being the world’s most liberal economy, but now the infamous authoritarian government took away our freedom to election, freedom of assembly, freedom of expression and ideas.

Sometimes, we cannot avoid questioning the cause we are fighting for, the value of freedom. Despite a rather bleak prospect, why do we have to continue in this struggle? Why do we have to cherish freedom? What can we do to safeguard freedom at home and stay alert to attacks on freedom? In answering these questions, I hope to walk through three episodes in the previous year.

Turning to 2020, protests are not seen as frequently as they used to be on the media lens, partly because of the pandemic, but more importantly for the authoritarian rule. While the world is busy fighting the pandemic, our government took advantage of the virus to exert a tighter grip over our freedom. Putting the emergency laws in place, public assemblies in Hong Kong were banned. Most recently, a rally to support press freedom organized by journalists was also forbidden. While many people may ask if it is the end of street activism, ahead of us in the fight for freedom is another battleground: the court and the prison.

Freedom Fighters in Courtrooms and in Jail

Part of the huge cost incurred in the fight for freedom and democracy in Hong Kong is the increasing judicial casualties. As of today, more than 10 thousand people have been arrested since the movement broke out, more than a hundred of them are already locked up in prison. Among the 2,300 protestors who are prosecuted, 700 of them may be sentenced up to ten years for rioting charges.

Putting these figures into context, I wish to tell you what life is like, as a youngster in today’s Hong Kong. I was humbled by a lot of younger protestors and students whose exceptional maturity are demonstrated in courtrooms and in prison. What is thought to be normal university life is completely out of the question because very likely the neighbour next door or the roommate who cooked you lunch today will be thrown to jail on the next.

I do prison visits a few times a month to talk to activists who are facing criminal charges or serving sentences for their involvement in the movement. It is not just a routine of my political work, but it becomes my life as an activist. Since the movement, prison visits has also become the daily lives of many families.

But it is always an unpleasant experience passing through the iron gates one after one to enter the visitors’ room, speaking to someone who is deprived of liberty, for a selflessly noble cause. As an activist serving three brief jail terms, I understand that the banality of the four walls is not the most difficult to endure in jail. What is more unbearable is the control of thought and ideas in every single part of our daily routine enforced by the prison system. It will diminish your ability to think critically and the worst of it will persuade you to give up on what you are fighting for, if you have not prepared it well. Three years ago when I wrote on the first page of prison letters, which later turned into a publication called the ‘Unfree Speech’, I was alarmed at the environment of the prison cell. Those letters were written in a state in which freedom was deprived of and in which censorship was obvious. It brings us to question ourselves: other than physical constraints like prison bars, what makes us continue in the fight for freedom and democracy?

Mutual Support to activists behind-the-scene

The support for this movement is undiminished over these 17 months. There are many beautiful parts in the movement that continue to revitalise the ways we contribute to this city, instead of making money on our own in the so-called global financial centre. In particular, it is the fraternity, the mutual assistance among protestors that I cherished the most.

As more protestors are arrested, people offer help and assistance wholeheartedly -- we sit in court hearings even if we don’t know each other, and do frequent prison visits and write letters to protesters in detention. In major festivals and holidays, people gathered outside the prison to chant slogans so that they won’t feel alone and disconnected. This is the most touching part to me for I also experienced life in jail.

The cohesion, the connection and bonding among protestors are the cornerstone to the movement. At the same time, these virtues gave so much empowerment to the mass public who might not be able to fight bravely in the escalating protests. These scenes are not able to be captured by cameras, but I’m sure it is some of the most important parts of Hong Kong’s movement that I hope the world will remember.

I believe this mutual support transcends nationality or territory because the value of freedom does not alter in different places. More recently, Twelve Hongkong activists, all involved in the movement last year, were kidnapped by China’s coastal guard when fleeing to Taiwan for political refugee in late-August. All of them are now detained secretly in China, with the youngest aged only 16. We suspect they are under torture during detention and we call for help on the international level, putting up #SAVE12 campaign on twitter. In fact, how surprising it is to see people all over the world standing with the dozen detained protestors for the same cause. I’m moved by activists in Italy, who barely knew these Hong Kong activists, even took part in a hunger strike last month calling for immediate release of them. This form of interconnectivity keeps us in spirit and to continue our struggle to freedom and democracy.

Understanding Value of freedom in the university battle
A year ago on this day, Hong Kong was embroiled in burning clashes as the police besieged the Polytechnic University. It was a day we will not forget and this wound is still bleeding in the hearts of many Hong Kongers. A journalist stationed in the university at that time once told me that being at the scene could only remind him of the Tiananmen Square Massacre 31 years ago in Beijing. There was basically no exit except going for the dangerous sewage drains.

That day, thousands of people, old or young, flocked to districts close to the university before dawn, trying to rescue protestors trapped inside the campus. The reinforcements faced grave danger too, for police raided every corner of the small streets and alleys, arresting a lot of them. Among the 800+ arrested on a single day, 213 people were charged with rioting. For sure these people know there will be repercussions. It is the conscience driving them to take to the streets regardless of the danger, the conscience that we should stand up to brutality and authoritarianism, and ultimately to fight for freedoms that are guaranteed in our constitution. As my dear friend, Brian Leung once said, ‘’Hong Kong Belongs to Everyone Who Shares Its Pain’’. I believe the value of freedom is exemplified through our compassion to whom we love, so much that we are willing to sacrifice the freedom of our own.

Defending freedom behind the bars

No doubt there is a terrible price to pay in standing up to the Beijing and Hong Kong government. But after serving a few brief jail sentences and facing the continuing threat of harassment, I learnt to cherish the freedom I have for now, and I shall devote every bit what I have to strive for the freedom of those who have been ruthlessly denied.

The three episodes I shared with you today -- the courtroom, visiting prisoners and the battle of university continue to remind me of the fact that the fight for freedom has not ended yet. In the coming months, I will be facing a maximum of 5 years in jail for unauthorized assembly and up to one ridiculous year for wearing a mask in protest. But prison bars would never stop me from activism and thinking critically.

I only wish that during my absence, you can continue to stand with the people of Hong Kong, by following closely to the development, no matter the ill-fated election, the large-scale arrest under National Security Law or the twelve activists in China. To defy the greatest human rights abusers is the essential way to restore democracy of our generation, and the generation following us.

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
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