📰 今天我們來讀讀【華爾街日報】
🖐🏽 五分鐘來關心國際時事— 美國疫情一再擴散 🇺🇸

📰 Why Covid-19 Is Spreading Again: Fatigue, Colder Weather, Eased Restrictions

Cases have ebbed in Sunbelt states like Arizona but have gone up throughout parts of U.S.

📌 這篇文章跟進Covid-19的最新情況。標題提了三個原因為什麽病毒再擴散。注意ebb這個動詞，本意是退潮，這裡引申指個案數目下降。

New coronavirus cases hit their highest level since mid-August on Wednesday, a sign of a fall surge predicted by public-health officials.
For the eighth time since October began, newly reported cases nationally ticked above 50,000, fueled by simmering outbreaks in every region of the country.

For the past week, the seven-day average of new cases was outpacing the 14-day average in more than 40 states and Washington, D.C., according to a Wall Street Journal analysis of Johns Hopkins University figures. When the seven-day average is higher than the 14-day average, it suggests cases are rising.

📌 這兩段交代個案數字的變動。hit their highest level 達到最高的水平，a fall surge 秋天激增，the seven-day average 七天平均數，the 14-day average 14天平均數都是很管用的用語。

Hospitalizations also have swelled across the U.S. in recent weeks, though deaths haven’t yet surged. Deaths often lag behind new cases and hospitalizations, given the duration of the disease. The seven-day average of daily deaths attributed to Covid-19 has been hovering around 700 for about three weeks, down from around 1,000 two months ago.

The U.S. has more fatalities than any other country in the world—more than 217,600 since the pandemic began. But it doesn’t have the highest percentage of cases that are fatal. About 2.7% of reported cases in the U.S. have been fatal, according to data from Johns Hopkins. That figure has declined in recent months as treatments have improved and testing has expanded, allowing more mild and asymptomatic cases to be detected. Since the summer, younger people have made up a growing share of new U.S. cases.

📌 這兩段針對住院數字和死亡數字。swell (腫脹)和hover (盤旋)是生動的動詞。文章指出美國的死亡人數 (fatalities) 是全世界最高的，但是以個案百分率來算，不是最高的。原因是治療改善了和測試被擴大。

A number of factors are likely contributing to the rise, some epidemiologists and public-health researchers said. The virus has spread to more rural counties and other communities, exposing vulnerable populations that hadn’t yet experienced it significantly and who are now reacting instead of taking steps to prevent the virus, public-health researchers said.

Some people have grown tired of restrictions on their movements and might be taking more risks than they did in the spring, they said. Mixed and inconsistent messaging from federal and local officials over preventive measures has sowed confusion and complacency. Some local governments have eased restrictions on businesses and requirements to wear masks. Meanwhile, college students returned to campuses, leading to some spreading of the virus, and the onset of cooler weather has led many Americans indoors, where the virus is more transmittable, the public-health researchers said.

📌 這兩段解釋個案數字上升。被提出的原因包括：一些人開始厭倦針對移動的限制 (restrictions)，聯邦和地方官員 (federal and local officials) 就預防措施 (preventive measures) 所發出的訊息混合的(mixed) 和不一致 (inconsistent)。大學生回到校園 (college students return to campuses) 和更涼快的天氣開始 (the onset of cooler weather)也是原因。

未完待續...

📰 全文請至
https://is.gd/zNLeEy
📰 作者
Jennifer Calfas
📰 訂閱請至
https://bit.ly/3j82Q3W

💁🏻‍♂️ 每日多了解一些國際時事，豐富您的世界觀，邊看新聞邊學英語，語言能力更上一層樓！

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#拓展國際視野來抽世界明信片

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(請私訊您的真實姓名 + 電話+地址，之前得過明信片的學員請告知國家，避免重複)

🎁 領獎期限: 10/22 20:00

【每日國際選讀】
#文末挑戰多益選擇題📝
美國要中國留學生滾蛋？

開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知
來讀華爾街日報獨家

📉 Colleges Brace for Sharp Drop in Foreign Students, Especially From China

美國大學為留學生數量銳減做準備，尤其是中國留學生

-brace for: 為…做準備
🚧 New guidance from ICE could prove to be a hurdle for students; ‘If I can get a visa, I would definitely go’
美國移民及海關執法局發布的新指示可能會成為留學生的障礙；一名已被美國大學錄取的中國學生說，如果能拿到簽證，肯定會去。

🎓U.S. colleges are bracing for a devastating drop in international students this fall, especially ones from China, where many U.S.-bound students are now postponing plans—and even rethinking the value of an American degree.
美國大學正為今年秋季國際學生、尤其是中國留學生數量急劇下降的局面做準備。很多準備前往美國的中國學生現在推遲計畫，甚至重新考慮美國學位的價值。

-devastating: 壓倒性的；急遽的
-US-bound: 前往美國的（bound: 用在地點有「前往目的地」的意思，動詞片語為bound for ~地點）
-postpone: 延後；推遲

❌ Coronavirus concerns have prompted broad travel restrictions and visa-processing delays that are unlikely to resolve before the start of the fall semester. On top of that, deteriorating U.S.-China relations are threatening what has been by far the biggest pipeline of foreign students to U.S. campuses.
對新冠疫情的擔憂引發了廣泛的旅行限制和簽證延發，這些問題不大可能在秋季學期開學前解決。此外，美中關係惡化正威脅著美國大學最主要的國際生來源--中國留學生。


-prompt: 促使；引發
-resolve: 解決
-pipeline: 管道；來源

💸At some U.S. universities, international students account for upward of 15% of enrollment—and an even higher share of tuition revenue. There were nearly 370,000 Chinese nationals, or 34% of all foreign students, enrolled in U.S. higher-education institutions during the 2018-19 academic year, according to the Institute of International Education, or IIE.
在一些美國大學，留學生占入學人數的15%以上，在學費收入的占比甚至更高。據國際教育協會(Institute of International Education, 簡稱IIE)的資料，在2018-19學年，有近37萬中國公民在美國高等教育機構就讀，占外國學生總數的34%。

-upward of: 更多
-enroll in: (註冊)入學
-academic year: 學年

未完待續...
留學生到底在美國花了多少錢？
加入文末每日國際選讀計畫，解鎖完整語音導讀版

——
原文連結請看留言
——

❓❓多益模擬題❓:
With the broad travel restrictions and visa-processing delays ______ by coronavirus concerns, US colleges must ______ for sharp drop in foreign students.
🙋🏻‍♀️🙋🏼‍♀️
A. prompt/ braces
B. prompted/ embrace
C. prompted/ brace
-
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［教育時評］ 如何發展批判性思考?
　
We now know that critical thinking is needed to solve complex problems and that it can be defined as a set of skills, but how exactly do we develop it?
　
現在，我們知道解決困難的問題時需要批判性思考，而亦可將之視為一套技能，但我們該如何發展它呢？

來拿我們的【新聞英文+批判性思考: Marketing & Influencers 補充包】https://bit.ly/2YJPZvb　
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
One way is to use Bloom's taxonomy when learning something new. After you remember the information, see if you can move up the pyramid by using the key verbs listed in each step to facilitate discussion and higher-order thinking.
　
One does not need to carry out each of these steps in order (e.g., apply before analyze). However, learners typically need to "understand" information before they can "analyze" and "evaluate" it.
　
Bloom's taxonomy can be used individually or with teachers and peers. Use it when acquiring information or thinking about a complex issue.
　
當你在接收資訊時，布魯姆的分類法（Bloom's taxonomy）或許是其中一種可用之法。布魯姆分類法是美國教育心理學家班傑明・布魯姆（Benjamin Bloom）於１９５６年在芝加哥大學所提出的分類法，將教育者的教學目標分類，以便更有效地達成各項目標。在你記住所接收的資訊後，請檢視自己是否可以用下方金字塔中所列出的關鍵動詞來逐步遞進。
　
無需按順序執行這些步驟（例如分析可以在應用之前），只是人們通常需要先記住與理解資訊，然後才能對資訊進行分析與評估。布魯姆的分類法可單獨使用，也可以與老師及同儕一起使用。在學習或思考議題時請善用它。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Can you use this taxonomy in English learning? Can you think critically when learning English?
　
你可以在英語學習中使用這個分類法嗎？學習英文時你能批判性思考嗎？
　
Yes, you can! Language is a tool for us to decode text, symbols, and sounds and find meaning. It enables us to receive and give information, or in short, to communicate. Once we receive information, we can take the next step and begin thinking critically. Doing so will enhance our understanding of new information and help us to decide what action to take.
　
當然可以！語言是我們解碼文本、符號與聲音並且找尋意義的工具。它使我們能夠接收並提供資訊，或者簡單來說就是得以與人交流。當我們藉由語言獲得資訊後，下一步便是批判性思考。批判性思考可增進我們對資訊的理解並幫助我們根據該訊息採取行動。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Many beginning English learners think it is impossible to think critically when learning because they only understand a few words. However, a learner can use critical thinking even when learning the most basic words!
　
許多英語初學者認為，批判性思考與英語學習不可能並行，因為他們只會幾個單詞。然而，即便是學習最基礎的語言也可以引入批判性思考。
　
First, teachers can use the students' first language to help them understand higher-level concepts and facilitate thinking. Second, learners can break down the complex process of critical thinking into simple steps by using Bloom's taxonomy.
　
首先，老師可用學生的母語，來協助他們建立層次較高的概念並促進思考。接著，老師可使用布魯姆的分類法來拆解批判性思考的複雜過程。
　
例如，我們今天學了蘋果（apple）和橘子（orange）這兩個單詞：
　
在記住知識（remember）的階段，老師可以問：水果的顏色、形狀，甚至是哪一個比較大？
　
在理解（understand）的階段，老師可以問：哪一個的維他命Ｃ比較多？哪一個切開後的色澤較易改變？
　
在應用（apply）時，可以問該用什麼東西去除它們的果皮？看到蘋果有個洞時是否該吃它？
　
在分析（analyze）時，我們可以比較這兩個水果分別提供了哪些營養？
　
在評鑑（evaluate）時，則會問哪一個水果對我們比較好？為什麼這一個比較貴，另一個卻比較便宜？
　
最後，在創造（create）階段的我們可想像可以如何創造一個由蘋果跟橘子融合起來的水果。它會長成什麼樣子？在此可以去想像，去發揮、去創造。
　
如你所見，每當你接收任何資訊，甚至是基礎語言學習，都可以鍛鍊批判性思考。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
As you can see, you can develop critical thinking every time you acquire new information, even when learning a second language. Now you know what critical thinking is, how it can help you, and how you can develop it!
　
After all that, I am still not going to give you a simple definition of critical thinking. If I were to do so, then I would not be helping you to think critically.
　
You're welcome to leave your own definition below.
　
現在，你已瞭解何謂批判性思考、它如何幫助我們以及該如何發展它。但即便如此，我仍不會給出一個簡單的定義。若然，反倒會阻礙你進行批判性思考。
　
歡迎大家在下方留言與我們分享你的定義。

★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
參考文獻
　
Athanassiou, N., McNett, J. M., & Harvey, C. (2003). Critical thinking in the management classroom: Bloom's taxonomy as a learning tool. Journal of Management Education, 27(5), 533-555.
　
Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight assessment, 2007(1), 1-23.
　
McPeck, J. E. (2016). Critical thinking and education. Routledge.
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Bonus question: What is the biggest difference between the steps "apply" and "create"?
　
Hint: You can find the answer in the picture.