英文學術寫作寶典 5:

Signalling Transition 表達轉換主題的信號 1

剛整理好的學術片語出爐了，同學快來下載吧!

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Previewing what is to follow in a paper or dissertation is like showing a map to a driver; it enables them to see where they are going. So it is useful to think of a preview section as a ‘road map’ for the reader. It must be accurate, but it must be easy to follow.

預覽文章或論文中要寫的內容就像向駕駛員展示地圖；它使他們能夠看到他們要去的地方。因此，將預覽部分視為讀者的「路線圖」十分有用。它必須準確，但也必須易於使人理解。

Writers are also expected to indicate to the reader when they are moving from one topic to another, or from one section of text to another. These are known as transition statements and examples of these, together with some previewing statements, are given below.

讀者也希望作者從一個主題移到另一個主題、從一個部分移到另一部分時有所指示。這些被稱為過渡句，下面有一些這些以及一些預覽句的例子。

同時也參考一下關於寫作連貫性的文章:

句連貫 (cohesion) 以及語意邏輯連貫 (coherence):
http://bit.ly/3dDlBf3

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✏️ 英文學術寫作寶典 I: 議題介紹
http://bit.ly/2YeHhVZ

✏️ 英文學術寫作寶典 II: 解釋因果關係
http://bit.ly/3rinvpd

✏️ 英文學術寫作寶典 III: 比較與對比
http://bit.ly/3rXYvDX

✏️ 英文學術寫作寶典 IV: 舉例
http://bit.ly/3kf0ota

✏️ 撰寫英文學術寫作寶典 (教學影片) Intro Video
https://youtu.be/t2WfYDQH_9U

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✏️ 完整的片語詞庫大全 Complete Phrasebank:
http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/

✏️ 精簡版: http://bit.ly/3i5iWuY

✏️詞彙區別: https://bit.ly/2OJETlb

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🌐 如何用新聞學習英文: http://bit.ly/3nSvKpQ

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Practice by creating sentences of your own in the comments!

想要練習的同學請使用這些片語造句~

上次同大家講到，要練好英文的文筆，就要多看優美的文字，不要把閱讀限於課本，或報紙，或雜誌。應該多找經典文字，讀莎士比亞可以，讀Charles Dickens可以，要像我們學中文讀古文一樣，多讀，多感受文字之美。只讀還不夠，有心的話，還應該背誦。上次蕭叔叔分享了蘇格蘭作家Andrew Lang寫的兒童讀物Tales of Troy and Greece裡面其中一段描寫戰爭的段落，文筆氣勢磅礡，讓蕭叔叔看的血脈沸騰。上回講到，希臘戰將Patroclus戰死沙場；今次這一段，是說之前因個人爭執而拒絕出戰的Achilles，要為好友Patroclus報仇。他說：I will not cease from fighting till I have given the Trojans their fill of war. 我不打到他們落花流水，誓不收兵。

Thrice Achilles shouted mightily, and thrice the horses of the Trojans shuddered for fear and turned back from the onslaught - and thrice the men of Troy were confounded and shaken with terror.

一落場，Achilles（蕭叔叔喜歡叫他「希臘呂布」，因為都是一樣萬夫莫敵。）大叫三聲，頗有三國張飛在長板橋喝倒曹軍戰馬的氣勢。留意作者把thrice一字放前，能加強氣勢：Thrice Achilles shouted mightily, and thrice… 這樣寫，比Achilles shouted thrice mightily強得多了。然後Achilles同敵將Hector大戰，Hector快輸了，他大叫：

“Let me not die without honour!” and drew his sword, and rushed at Achilles, who sprang to meet him, but before Hector could come within a sword-stroke Achilles had sent his spear clean through the neck of Hector.

Hector把長矛掉失了，只有靠手中短劍，但未埋身，就被Achilles的矛刺破喉嚨。留意這段的動詞，非常生動，drew，rushed，sprang，sent his spear clean through等等。

He fell in the dust and Achilles said, “Dogs and birds shall tear your flesh unburied.”

幾惡毒！我不會為你收屍，就讓你的屍體在戰場暴曬，讓野狗野鳥吃你的肉吧。Dogs and birds shall tear your flesh unburied. 好厲害，好簡單，好直接的文字。

With his dying breath Hector prayed him to take gold from Priam, and give back his body to be burned in Troy. But Achilles said, “Hound! would that I could bring myself to carve and eat thy raw flesh, but dogs shall devour it, even if thy father offered me thy weight in gold.”

Hector哀求Achilles，把我的屍身送回我城吧，我爹會給你黃金。Achilles說，狗賊！即使你爹給我跟你屍身一樣重的黃金，我都不會把你送回Troy城：even if thy father offered me thy weight in gold。這句，表現了什麼叫簡潔有力的文字。

大家可能會問，我平時有幾可會描述戰爭嘅場景呀？讀呢啲文章，又有乜用？咁睇就錯了，多讀文筆流麗的文字，不但能培養英語文字的節奏感，也能學習多變得用字和造句，以及靈活運用文字的spirit，這些都是多讀多背經典文字的好處。先背了吧，以後寫作時，文氣會不經不覺地「滲」出來。 Http://www.facebook.com/siuhoiyat