【每日國際選讀】
#文末挑戰多益選擇題📝
交朋友的藝術是科學？
開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知
來讀華爾街日報獨家

👋The Surprising Science Behind Friendship
友誼背後出人意料的科學
👏At its simplest, it’s just how critical quality social bonds and friendships are. In animals, the big measures that evolutionary biologists study are reproductive success, which they count as either how many babies you have or how long those babies live, and longevity, or how long you survive. Nonhuman primates have very structured hierarchies that they exist in, and everyone assumed that that must have more importance for how long you live and how many babies you have and how healthy they are. And it wasn’t. The most important thing was the strength of the social bonds, how positively and well and regularly an individual animal interacted with other animals. Scientists really couldn’t believe it.
簡單來說，有品質的社會關係以及友誼非常重要。在動物界，演化科學家研究的主要指標包括繁殖成功率，即某隻動物的後代數量或幼獸存活時間；以及壽命，即動物自身的生存時間。非人類靈長類動物在森嚴的等級制度內生存，人們以為這種等級制度對動物的壽命長短、幼獸數量以及健康狀況影響更為重大。然而，事實並非如此，社會連結的強度，以及個體與族群中其他成員積極、良好及有規律的互動才是影響個體生存最重要的因素。科學家對這一發現感到十分震驚。

-longevity: 壽命
-hierarchy: 階級
-assume: 假設

💪Friendship literally improves your body’s cardiovascular functioning, how your immune system works, how you sleep. You can imagine the food you put in your body makes you healthy or not. But sitting in a coffee shop with someone and just chatting about what’s going on with your life, we always thought emotionally that made you feel good. But actually it really is doing much more.
就像攝入的食物決定我們是否身體健康一樣，友誼能改善我們的心血管功能、增強免疫力、提高睡眠質量。與好友相約，喝喝咖啡、聊聊自己的近況，我們總認為這些活動僅能起到放鬆心情的作用。但實際上，其作用遠不止於此。

-cardiovascular: 心血管相關的（cardio：心臟的）
-put in: 放置；放入（在文章脈絡中是攝取的意思）
-

🎤There’s this interesting chemistry to friendship. Just like in romance, you are more drawn to some people than you are others. Some of it is very straightforward: You are interested in the same things, you spend time in the same place. That’s one reason why we are close to relatives, because you have a head start, you spend more time with them than you do anyone else. We do tend to be better friends with people who are more like us.
朋友間也存在有趣的化學反應。與兩情相悅類似，我們會被具有某些特質的人吸引。還有些原因非常直接：同樣的興趣愛好；經常在同一地點碰面。這也解釋了為什麼親人之間往往關係更為緊密，因為你們從小在一起，你和他們相處的時間甚於其他任何人。我們也確實傾向於和與自己相似的人交朋友。

-draw to: 受…吸引
-straightforward: 直截了當；直接的
-head start: 領先；佔得的先機、優勢

未完待續...
要跟對方聊多久才會變成好朋友？
加入文末每日國際選讀計畫，解鎖完整語音導讀版

——
原文連結請看留言
——
❓❓多益模擬題❓:
The reason behind people being attracted to one and not the other is _________: you are interested in the same things, you spend time in the same space. We often ______ being around with friends does us good emotionally, but it’s actually doing so much more.
🙋🏻‍♀️🙋🏼‍♀️
A. straightforward / assume
B. direct / assumes
C. straightforward / assumed
-
【每日國際選讀計畫，熱烈招生中！】
華爾街日報訂閱超值方案📰
專屬#臉書社團，浩爾 #每日語音導讀
「留言+1」，就送你 #優惠碼及 #導讀試聽！

【話當年: 里斯本條約 ~ 簽署在何地? (提示: 一重要旅遊景點)】
【The past: Where was the Treaty of Lisbon signed? (Hint: an important tourist attraction)】

2007年12月13日, 27個歐洲國家領導人共同簽署了「里斯本條約」, 新條約的誕生, 旨在進一步改革歐盟機構, 簡化歐盟的決策過程; 並針對全球氣候暖化、天然能源等政策, 提高歐盟全球競爭力和影響力。大家可知道, 「里斯本條約」是在那裡簽署的呢? :-)

Signed by the heads of state and government of the 27 EU Member States, 'Treaty of Lisbon' was signed on 13 December 2007, intending to reform the functioning of the European Union. Do you know where the signing of Treaty of Lisbon took place? :-)

簽署地就是在里斯本貝倫區的著名建築物 - 在1983年已被聯合國教科文組織列為「世界文化遺產」的哲羅尼莫斯修道院裡面啊! 時任的歐盟輪值主席國正是葡萄牙, 總理是蘇格拉底, 他在《里斯本條約》簽署儀式上首先發表講話。

請大家留意兩張我在網路上找到借用到此的圖片: 1) 國家元首們在哲羅尼莫斯修道院的南大門前大合照, 南大門雖是側門, 卻盡是手工精細繁複的浮雕, 極之華麗。大門高32米, 建於1516-1518年間, 有眾多有意思的浮雕 (另行再談)。2) 簽署儀式在哲羅尼莫斯修道院內的迴廊舉行, 兩層高的迴廊完成於1544年, 是曼努埃爾建築中的不朽之作。迴廊呈拱形天花和四邊形格局, 每根柱子和每個大小拱門是不同款式、雕刻豐富精采的浮雕, 是絕大部分來哲羅尼莫斯修道院參觀的旅客不會錯過的景點。

The Treaty of Lisbon was signed in Belém, at the famous monument called Mosteiro dos Jerónimos - a UNESCO World Heritage Site which was constructed in the 16th century. The then Portuguese Prime Minister and the President of the Council of the European Union José Sócrates gave a welcoming speech prior to the official signing ceremony.

Enclosed in this post are two photos that I found on the internet. They captured some of the most important scenes of the signing ceremony of the Treaty of Lisbon. 1) The first photo shows that the heads of the 27 EU Member States stood and took a group photo in front of the South Portal of Mosteiro dos Jerónimos. Built in years 1516-1518, the South Portal - though not the main portal - is decorated with a large amount of stunning and beautiful carved religious and marital images. 2) The second picture shows where the signing ceremony took place. It's at the cloisters of the Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, completed in 1544. The magnificent and elaborate sculptural details and carvings on each column in the cloister are perfect examples of the unique Manueline architecture. This is a must-see place when one visits the Mosteiro dos Jerónimos.

**********************
詳細有關里斯本條約的內容和意義等, 大家可參考歐盟為里斯本條約所建立的官方網站: http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty.html

For details of the structure and aims of the Treaty of Lisbon, you may want to visit the official Treaty of Lisbon website managed by the European Union. http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty.html