將前面完整句子描述過的名詞，做句尾的補充修飾，在 GMAT SC 是 acceptable 的

有兩種基本的形式:

(1) 將前述名詞的"部分"補充說明 (和本題是一樣的用法):

例子如下:

https://goo.gl/rdkWHJ

我們把正確句子節錄下來:

At the turn of the twenties century, forest covered as much as 90 percent of
Thailand and accommodated as many as 300,000 elephants, a third of them
domesticated and performing various essential tasks.

在綠底部分，句子已經完成了，而 a third of them (elephants) 則是把前面的
elephants 當中的 1/3 用分詞另外說明 (domesticated and performing)

在你提問的這句也是:

According to a recent study of consumer spending on prescription medications,
increases in the sales of the 50 drugs that were advertised most heavily
accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last
year, the remainder of the increase coming from sales of the 9,850
prescription medicines that companies did not advertise or advertised
very little.

綠底部分已經是完整句子了，而再用 remainder 表示剩餘的 increase 部分補充說明

(2) 將前述名詞的"所有格"做補充說明:

簡單例子: Ron 提供的例子如下
"John, his arms flailing in the wind, called out desperately for help."
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
這並不是同位語，也不是雙主詞的句子架構錯誤，而是補充說明前面名詞的所有格
實際考題例子如下: https://goo.gl/Iwyjw2

我們在這裡使用 GMAT 正確句子說明:

With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Farenheit, Jupiter's
moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life,
its 60 square miles of water though to be frozen from top to bottom

主要句子在綠色部分已經完成，而後面補出
its (Europa's) 60 square miles of water
再另外加上 "though to be" 的分詞來補充說明。

這是 GMAT SC 接受的文法規則，並不是 sentence fragment




※ 引述《xlxl (Well...)》之銘言：
: 想請教以下這題(我的mac貼上來後格式怎麼改都好怪,請大家點連結看題目好了)
: http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-387950-1-1.html
: og17 720
: According to a recent study of consumer spending on prescription medications,
: increases in the sales of the 50 drugs that were
: dvertised most heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in
: drug spending last year, the remainder of which prescription medicines that
: companies did not advertise or advertised very little.
: A. heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came
: B. heavily were what accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year; the remainder of the increase coming
: C. heavily accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of the increase coming
: D. heavily, accounting for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, while the remainder of the increase came
: E. heavily, which accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, with the remainder of it coming
: 答案是C
: 但我一開始就因為覺得C是sentence fragment而把它刪掉了
: 查看到有網友說這是absolute phrase
: 但還是有點看不懂，不知道有沒有人可以說明一下怎麼判斷到底是sentence fragment
: 還是absolute phrase(實在看不太懂absolute phrase的定義)

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※ 編輯: ndxica (180.205.140.209), 02/17/2017 22:52:20