湯景華縱火燒死6人案，最高法院今天「自為改判」，改判無期徒刑定讞。

　　理由是：……屬於殺人的間接故意，而不是直接故意，不符合判《兩公約》規定要處死刑啊要具備殺人直接故意的要件。所以本院依法撤銷原審判決，改判無期徒刑，褫奪公權終身。（最高法院刑事發言人徐昌錦庭長）

　　首先，我先看了《公民與政治權利國際公約》第六條，並沒有必須直接故意殺人才可以判死刑這樣的要件。再到處查，只有查到台灣廢除死刑推動聯盟《台灣死刑判決報告～75位死刑犯判決綜合分析》裡面有以下這段：
「……
其中所謂「情節最重大之罪」，依人權事務委員會相關解釋，雖限於「蓄意殺害並造成生命喪失」（there was an intention to kill which resulted the loss of life），然此僅屬公政公約因應不同國家刑事法制度所設之「最低度要求」。
依此，非謂凡犯「殺人罪」者即均應處以死刑；又應將「未發生死亡結果」或「不確定故意」之犯罪排除於「情節最重大之罪」範圍外
……」

　　經由一些文獻指引，找到公民與政治權利國際公約第36號一般性意見第35點，原文節錄：「The term “the most serious crimes” must be read restrictively and appertain only to crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentional killing.（僅限於涉及故意殺人的極嚴重罪行。） Crimes not resulting directly and intentionally in death,（未直接和故意導致死亡的罪行，） such as drug offences, attempted murder, corruption and other economic [and political] crimes, armed robbery, piracy, abduction, and sexual offences, although serious in nature, can never justify, within the framework of article 6, the imposition of the death penalty.」簡而言之，必須「故意殺人」，而且「直接、故意地導致死亡」，才能判處死刑。本段落並列舉包含毒品罪、殺人未遂罪、武力強盜、海盜及性侵害犯罪等罪，不能宣告死刑。

這段英文出自A/HRC/4/20，解釋「情節最重大之罪」：「The requirement of human rights law that the death penalty should be imposed only for the “most serious crimes” continues to be interpreted subjectively by certain States. The report examines the travaux of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, surveys the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee, and analyses the comments by the Secretary-General, principles declared by the Economic and Social Council and the Commission on Human Rights and concludes that, if it is to comply with the most serious crimes restriction, the death penalty can only be imposed in cases where it can be shown that there was an intention to kill which resulted in the loss of life. 」

　　首先，第一個問題是，英文「intentional/intentionally」，是否包含「不確定故意」？如果從英美法的角度，犯罪的主觀要素分類大致上有intentional, reckless, negligence等，如果並沒有強烈的意圖（intention），但是能預見而去做某些行為會侵害法益，仍然去做，也會構成魯莽（reckless），以殺人罪為例，魯莽行為致死會構成involuntary manslaughter（英美法的殺人罪有很多種，這邊姑且翻譯成「比較嚴重的過失致死」）通常會比murder（謀殺）的罪輕很多。

　　（這邊以美國為例）你以為美國刑法會用魯莽殺人（過失致死）輕易放下強盜致死、縱火致死、強姦致死的人嗎？在大部分的立法例裡，只要犯下重罪（felony，能判超過一年徒刑的，全都是重罪）致人於死，而且沒有嚴重違背因果歷程的，都會被被擬制為「謀殺」，稱為「重罪謀殺」（felony murder），所以即使行為人在強盜過程中，被害人嚇到跌倒死亡，或者結夥搶劫，你的同伴把被害人槍殺，自己也要成立「重罪謀殺罪」。這個理論是基於「移轉的故意」（transferred intent），意思是說，你在做某些危險的事，就該知道那件事可能發生的危害，對實際發生的危害直接當成是故意所為的。

　　言歸正傳，我國除了毒品罪、海盜罪還有很多奇奇怪怪的罪不用殺死人就可以判死刑以外，強盜致死、擄人勒贖致死，都不用殺人故意，就可以判死刑。

　　運輸一級毒品，或者強盜沒有殺人故意，根據《刑法》都可以判死刑，更遑論不確定故意的殺人了。不過根據「《兩公約》規定必須具有殺人的直接故意」才能判處死刑的這個說法，以上這些通通不能判死刑，所以應該可以說，《刑法》裡面許多死刑的規定，是只能嚇人用。

　　或者說，《兩公約》真的是當年總統、立法者、學者們想的這樣嗎？

歡迎指正與提供意見。

【基礎力量 vs 專項力量，哪個重要？】

先練上下肢的水平推/拉、垂直推/拉等基礎力量比較好，還是直接練專項力量。在我個人很推崇的週期化力量訓練專書"System"中的第二章〈設計訓練課表〉第一段，作者以游泳為例，揭明了答案：

「訓練動作的選擇在近年來引起熱議。近年來，專項訓練這個概念愈來愈受歡迎，這也使得訓練動作在選擇上一直往專項靠攏。」

「比如說，我們認識一位游泳教練設計了六種陸上訓練動作，全都是在模仿划手的動作，以及特別針對游泳選手的手臂和肩膀來訓練。他的課表中完全沒有下肢和全身性的力量訓練動作。他的四位選手在接受了六週以槓鈴為主的全身性力量訓練後，全都打破了個人最佳紀錄，其中有一位還因此成為州冠軍，並且拿到第一級別的體育獎學金。」

「這雖然是一個比較極端的案例，但並不是例外，有愈來愈多的例證顯示當教練愈是努力想在重訓室裡模擬專項運動來設計力量訓練動作，反而無法有效幫助運動員提升表現。」
--

原文如下：

Exercise selection has become a hot-button issue in recent years. Sport-specific training and exercises intended to carry over more specifically to a particular sport have grown in popularity.

As an example, we know of a well-intentioned swim coach’s prescribed dry-land training that utilized about six exercises, all designed to mimic particular swimming strokes and all of them directed at the arms and shoulders. The program had no lower-body work and no total-body movements. After four of this coach’s underperforming athletes went through a six-week training cycle of whole-body barbell training, they all set personal records in their respective events and one became a state champion and Division I scholarship athlete.

This is an extreme case, yet it is becoming more the norm than the exception for misguided coaches to try to simulate a sport in the weightroom with poor results in athletic performance.
--

我認為作者的意思並不是認為專項力量不重要，而是基礎力量要先建立好，再來練專項力量才會有效果……作者在書中提到80%／20% 原則，它又稱為帕列托法則（Pareto’s Principle）。簡單說是20%的動作可以帶來80%的效果，所以在力量訓練初期，動作選擇不要太複雜，我在討論區裡有把作者所選的20%關鍵訓練動作整理翻譯出來，有興趣的人可以參考：https://www.runningquotient.com/group-forum/topic?tid=1221

對於這個議題有興趣，也歡迎在討論區裡提出來討論。

--
註："System"這本書的全名是："The System: Soviet Periodization Adapted for the American Strength Coach"，它是由三位美國教練所寫的訓練書，我個人非常喜歡，比最早從蘇聯引進週期訓練的圖德．邦帕博士(Dr. Tudor Bompa)所寫的《運動員的週期化肌力訓練》（Periodization Training for Sports）更具實用性。簡單來講，《The System》的理論與訓練法之間的鏈結更強、更緊密，較容易落實到訓練現場。這本書的教練們去俄國學了多年的週期化訓練，並結合了數十年的執教經驗之後，整理成這本著作。

要將呢位香港人老友的觀點，向國際推廣。

泰晤士報亞洲編輯勁文共賞：

Hong Kong: Sometimes you have to fight for freedom
「香港：有時候係需要為自由而戰」
We in the West have no right to condemn the violence of protesters facing tyranny
「西方社會無資格去譴責對抗暴政嘅暴力抗爭」

《The Times》泰晤士報今日11月28號刊登亞洲編輯Richard Lloyd Parry用咁爆嘅標題「暴走」式癲咗咁去評論香港示威，要留意唔係專欄作家、評論員或者嘉賓投稿呀。內容直情係英文版嘅「和勇合一」，「不割蓆、不篤灰、不指責」，加埋「不完美，可接受」超級專業版國際文宣。真係忍唔住當學英文，節錄幾段亂咁譯同大家「勁文同賞」。

（帶番套Full Gear講明先，係佢「宣揚暴力」同「美化暴徒行為」，本Page只係英文翻譯學術交流流，本人熱愛和平，討厭政治，最憎對抗暴政好似華盛頓同孫中山之類嘅暴徒！但係點解會覺得感動呢？）

//We like our moral heroes to be cuddly, as well as brave, and for the first few months the democracy protesters of Hong Kong met both of these requirements...A million Davids stood up against the Goliath of the Chinese state and people around the world cheered — until, in the past few weeks, it all started to turn nasty.//
（我地從來都鐘意道德英雄，勇敢得黎又可愛又剩咁，香港人最初嗰幾個月就係咁有齊晒咁嘅優點。好似一百萬個大衛對抗巨人歌莉婭咁，睇到全世界都好開心，直到近幾個星期前，情況就開始有啲肉酸。）

然後講述磚頭、汽油彈、投石器同「鶳」出現嘅情況唔重覆，佢話中國政府形容呢班係「暴徒」（"thugs"）一啲都唔意外，不過覺得好驚訝某啲西方傳媒，特別係嗰啲澳洲報紙用「賊匪」同「蒙面恐怖份子」（“bandits” and “masked terrorists”）做形容詞。

//Let there be no doubt, there is no excuse for beating up people who disagree with you, or who arouse your suspicion because they are speaking mainland Chinese. But these crimes are nothing compared with the institutionalised violence bearing down on the protesters from all sides.//
（咪誤會，人地有唔同意見或者講普通話就鶳一定係唔啱，但係呢啲唔能夠同示威者所面對嘅全方位制度暴力去比㗎。）

//Hong Kong is deceptive, at least on superficial acquaintance...But the freedom has iron limits.//
（好膚淺咁表面去睇，香港嘅所謂自由其實係個騙局咁...因為呢啲自由有鐵一般嘅限制。）

//Despite limited autonomy, they are part of China, a one-party dictatorship with a history of murderously oppressing those who challenge its authority.//
（雖然擁有有限嘅自治，但咪忘記係响一個一黨專政，歷史上對異己殘酷欺壓嘅國家嘅一部份喎。）

//For all the visible trappings of civilisation, this is not London, New York or Tokyo. The protesters throwing firebombs at the police at the Polytechnic University are not to be compared to anti-war protesters or climate change demonstrators, or any of the activists on the streets of western cities. People in those places have no cause to resort to violence. Whether or not they get what they want, they have multiple means of articulating their grievances in print, on television, via the internet, as well as at the ballot box. In Hong Kong, unlike mainland China, people can express themselves freely but have no means to choose leaders who reflect the popular will.//
（大家剩係見到表面嘅文明，喂，香港唔L係倫敦、紐約或者東京呀。班西方反戰、環保或者是但街頭抗爭嗰啲，係比唔上理大向警察揼汽油彈嘅示威者。因為西方嗰班友，就算爭取唔到，至少仲可以靠印刷、上電視、上網甚至用選票之類暴力以外嘅方法去爭取訴求。香港人其實只係得把口係自由，係完全無方法去揀一個領袖去反映民意㗎！）

嗱，最爆嘅論點黎喇！

//All of us of the right-thinking persuasion pride ourselves on “deploring violence”. But very few of us are true pacifists. In extreme circumstances, faced with a direct threat to the physical wellbeing of ourselves or our loved ones, many of us would raise a fist or something worse. Most people agree that against a threat like that posed by Nazi Germany, for example, even war can be a dreadful necessity.//
（我地企响道德高地口口聲聲「譴責暴力」緊係自high㗎喎，但唔該自問一下有幾多個係真正嘅和平主義者先啦。實情係响極端嘅情形之下，如果自己或者親人面對直接危險嘅時候，大家唔只出手啦，再激啲都會。正如大部份人都唔會反對，當年面對納粹德國咁恐怖嘅威脅，戰爭係必須嘅。）

//Many of us too would compromise our habitual respect for the authority of police and government if it were wielded in an oppressive and undemocratic way. Imagine some fantasy version of Britain, without genuinely elected leaders, in which a one-party state was encroaching on already limited freedoms. Faced with such a reality, thrown bricks would be the least of it.//
（我地有時真係慣咗去尊重嗰啲警察同政府嘅權威，就算佢地用非民主同壓制嘅手段都好似盲咗咁。唔該用個腦幻想下，如果英國無一個真正民選嘅領袖，然後得一個政黨，仲要慢慢侵蝕已經有限嘅自由，睇下你地會點？面對咁嘅環境，相信磚頭已經係最小事啦。）

結論：

//We are lucky that we will never have to face such oppression. We should not be quick to judge those in Hong Kong who do. Far from condemning them as thugs, we should support them in their struggle, recognise their courage and salute them for their continuing and remarkable restraint.//
（我地好彩從來都唔洗面對咁嘅壓迫，所以唔應該咁快去判斷要面對嘅香港人。唔好話指責，我地直情要支持佢地嘅抗爭，表揚佢地嘅勇氣，讚揚佢地嘅堅持同克制。）

Richard Lloyd Parry癲到咁，真係呼籲大家去佢個Twitter教訓下佢：
https://twitter.com/dicklp?s=20

#國際同路人
#手足

Photo Source: The Times Capture
原文傳送門：
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/…/hong-kong-sometimes-you-have-t…

這段影片花費了7天在拍攝、剪輯和字幕翻譯，在菲律賓、巴拿馬、哥斯達黎加、印度、尼日爾、阿富汗、哥倫比亞、巴基斯坦、意大利、美國（4個州）和孟加拉國都有災情，與此同時，中國和西歐的洪水也仍在持續著。

In the 7 days it took to film, edit, and translate the subtitles for this video, it flooded in the Philippines, Panama, Costa Rica, India, Niger, Afghanistan, the UK, Colombia, Pakistan, Italy, USA (4 states), and Bangladesh . Meanwhile the flooding in China and Western Europe is still ongoing.

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【韓國光州飲食行 | 挑戰魔鬼魚刺身！！！】

⫸韓國 光州 飲食行 － PART 3 | FOOD TRIP TO GWANGJU (PART 3) ⫷

再次多謝Korean Cultural Center in Hong Kong 駐香港韓國文化院的支持，及我的好朋友 Stephen、翻譯妹妹 Hun-Woo和韓國文化院的Jihye的幫忙。喜歡這段影片和韓國飲食的你，記得給讚和分享給你的朋友啦！PART 4很快有！

Once again, thank you Korean Cultural Center in Hong Kong for this opportunity for me to explore the traditional food culture in Gwangju, and I have learned a lot of new things about Korean food in this trip, and I am sure all the viewers will do as well.
Here's a shout out to my good friend Stepten, translator Hun-Woo and Jihye from KCC! Without you guys, this trip wouldn't be the same!
If you enjoy watching this video or you love Korean culture, please like this video and share with your friends!

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PART 4: https://youtu.be/AtJ0Xq3uL24

四日三夜釜山飲食行 | FOOD TRIP TO BUSAN
PART 1: https://youtu.be/9Zf4zJ578Sk
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PART 3: https://youtu.be/ekaBiDMM8qQ
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