早起念英文，今天念的這篇文章有關親子教養，談的是《4 Types of Parenting Styles and Their Effects on Kids》（4種教養方式及其對孩子的影響
）
「What's Your Parenting Style?」
你的教養方式為何呢？
（其實我覺得我都是被孩子教養～～嗚嗚嗚～）

接下來就是本文囉！來看看你是哪一種父母吧！

Your parenting style can affect everything from how much your child weighs to how she feels about herself.
你的教養方式會影響一切，從你孩子的體重到她對自己的感覺。

*Weighs體重 affect影響 from….to從…到…

It's important to ensure your parenting style is supporting healthy growth and development because the way you interact with your child and how you discipline her will influence her for the rest of her life.
確保您的教養方式支持健康成長和發展很重要，因為您與孩子互動的方式以及您對她的管教方式將影響她的餘生。

Ensure確保 interact 互動 discipline管教 influence影響

Researchers have identified four types of parenting styles:
研究人員定義了四種類型的教養方式：

Identify定義

• Authoritarian（專制）
• Authoritative（權威式）
• Permissive（寬容的、放縱的）
• Uninvolved（不參與的）

Each style takes a different approach to raising children and can be identified by a number of different characteristics.
每種教養方式都採用不同的方法來撫養孩子，並且可以透過許多不同的特徵來辨別。

Approach方法 / a number of許多/ characteristic特徵

Authoritarian Parenting
專制型的教養

Do any of these statements sound like you?
這些陳述中的任何一個聽起來像你嗎？

• You believe kids should be seen and not heard.
你相信孩子應該被看到而不是被聽到

• it comes to rules, you believe it's "my way or the highway."
當談到規則時，你相信應該是“聽我的不然就滾蛋”

• You don't take your child's feelings into consideration.
你並沒有考慮孩子的感受。

（話說，有爸媽會這樣承認嗎？）

If any of those ring true, you might be an authoritarian parent. Authoritarian parents believe kids should follow the rules without exception.
如果其中任何一項屬實，您可能是專制型父母。專制型父母認為孩子應該毫無例外地遵守規則。

Exception例外

原文出處
https://www.verywellfamily.com/types-of-parenting-styles-1095045

＃翻譯參考
Google翻譯
劍橋翻譯

這是今天早上六點半叫孩子起床上學後我讀的英文文章，不知道大家覺得我可以撐多久呢？

【Press release: Decanter World Wine Awards 2021 winners revealed】
新聞稿：2021 年 Decanter 世界葡萄酒大獎的頂級獲獎者揭曉
（收到新聞稿，不過因為沒有時間翻譯，所以先附上原文與google翻譯，我在另找時間來修正）
From ‘yellow wine’ to California Cabernet Sauvignon, hotly anticipated medals announced in biggest ever Decanter World Wine Awards 7 JULY, LONDON: Full results from the Decanter World Wine Awards 2021 have been released today(7 July), revealing big wins for established wine regions but also many hidden gems from producers making exciting wines across the globe.
從“黃酒”到加州赤霞珠，備受期待的獎牌在有史以來規模最大的 Decanter 世界葡萄酒大獎中揭曉 7 月 7 日，倫敦：2021 年 Decanter 世界葡萄酒大獎的全部結果今天（7 月 7 日）公佈，揭示了已建立的葡萄酒產區的巨大勝利，但也揭示了來自全球生產令人興奮的葡萄酒的生產商的許多隱藏的寶石。
This year marks the biggest ever Decanter World Wine Awards(DWWA), which is already the world’s largest and most influential wine competition thanks to a rigorous judging process overseen by international experts.
今年是有史以來規模最大的Decanter World Wine Awards（DWWA），由於國際專家監督的嚴格評審過程，該獎項已經成為世界上規模最大、最具影響力的葡萄酒大賽。
More than 160 expert judges, including 44 Masters of Wine and 11 Master Sommeliers, tasted 18,094 wines from 56 countries at DWWA 2021, making it a record year for wines tasted.
160多位專家評委，包括44位葡萄酒大師和11位侍酒大師，在DWWA 2021上品嚐了來自56個國家的18,094款葡萄酒，創造了葡萄酒品嚐記錄的一年。
Judging took place over two weeks in Canary Wharf, London, with strict Covid-19 safety protocols in place.
評審在倫敦金絲雀碼頭進行了兩週多的時間，並製定了嚴格的 Covid-19 安全協議。
Only 50 wines, or 0.28% of those tasted, were awarded a prestigious Best in Show medal. There were also 179 Platinum and 635 Gold medals awarded, making up 0.99% and 3.51% respectively of the total wines tasted.
只有 50 種葡萄酒，即品嚐過的葡萄酒的 0.28%，獲得了享有盛譽的最佳展示獎。還頒發了 179 枚白金獎和 635 枚金牌，分別佔品嚐到的葡萄酒總數的 0.99% 和 3.51%。
Spain had a particularly strong year, winning nine Best in Show medals, compared to four last year.
西班牙今年表現尤為出色，贏得了 9 枚最佳表演獎牌，而去年為 4 枚。
Spanish wines also won 20 Platinum medals and 63 Golds this year.
西班牙葡萄酒今年還獲得了 20 枚白金獎牌和 63 枚金牌。
There were also plenty of brilliant medal-winning wines from other top wine-producing countries and regions, from California to many parts of France, Italy, Australia, South Africa, Argentina, Chile and New Zealand.
還有許多來自其他頂級葡萄酒生產國家和地區的出色獲獎葡萄酒，從加利福尼亞到法國、意大利、澳大利亞、南非、阿根廷、智利和新西蘭的許多地區。
DWWA has a track record of shining a spotlight on exciting, under-the-radar wines all over the wine world, too – and 2021 proved no exception.
DWWA 也一直關注著葡萄酒世界中令人興奮、鮮為人知的葡萄酒——事實證明，2021 年也不例外。
DWWA 2021: A year of firsts
DWWA 2021：首創之年
DWWA 2021 included a first Best in Show medal for a ‘Vin Jaune’ – or ‘yellow wine’ – a speciality of the Jura region of eastern France. The winning wine was Domaine Berthet-Bondet, Château-Chalon 2013, made from 100% Savagnin.
DWWA 2021 包括法國東部侏羅地區特產“Vin Jaune”或“黃酒”的首個最佳展示獎。獲獎葡萄酒是 2013 年 Château-Chalon 酒莊 Berthet-Bondet，由 100% Savagnin 釀製。
DWWA 2021 judges included in their tasting notes, “If you’ve never tried Vin Jaune, you couldn’t do better than begin with this 2013.
DWWA 2021 評委在他們的品酒筆記中寫道：“如果您從未嘗試過 Vin Jaune，那麼從 2013 年開始，您將做得更好。
“Pale but emphatically gold, it has aromas which evoke nuts, wild mushrooms, umami, yeast and cream, but in which some lingering sweetness of fruit survives, too (Savagnin for Vin Jaune is picked very ripe).”
“淡而強烈的金色，它的香氣讓人聯想到堅果、野生蘑菇、鮮味、酵母和奶油，但也有一些揮之不去的水果甜味（用於 Vin Jaune 的 Savagnin 採摘得非常成熟）。”
There was also success in Switzerland for the Savagnin grape variety, not to be confused with the similarly named Sauvignon Blanc.
Savagnin 葡萄品種在瑞士也取得了成功，不要與同名的長相思混淆。
Wine cooperative St. Jodern Kellerei in the Valais region already farms some of Europe’s highest vineyards, and it reached the summit of DWWA in 2021 after its ‘Heida Barrique’ 2019 won a Best in Show medal.
瓦萊州地區的葡萄酒合作社 St. Jodern Kellerei 已經種植了一些歐洲最高的葡萄園，並在其 2019 年的“Heida Barrique”獲得最佳展示獎後於 2021 年登上了 DWWA 的頂峰。
Judges said in their notes on the wine, “Heida is the name used in the high Valais (or Wallis) for Savagnin, and our judges were very impressed by the range and expressive uniqueness of Swiss Savagnin this year.”
評委在酒評中說：“Heida 是高瓦萊州（或瓦利斯）用於 Savagnin 的名稱，我們的評委對今年瑞士 Savagnin 的範圍和表現力的獨特性印象深刻。”
They added, “This is a refreshingly aromatic yet full-flavoured wine, striking and singular: a horn sounding in the clear Alpine air.”
他們補充說：“這是一款清新芳香但味道濃郁的葡萄酒，引人注目且獨特：在清澈的阿爾卑斯山空氣中吹響號角。”
DWWA 2021 also saw a first Best in Show medal for France’s Savoie region, awarded to a 100%
Roussanne white wine from Domaine Charles Gonnet for the 2020 vintage.
來自Domaine Charles Gonnet 的2020 年份Roussanne 白葡萄酒。
Friuli in north-east Italy made its debut in the DWWA Best in Show winners’ list, thanks to Muzic winery’s Stare Brajde ‘Collio’ 2019 white wine.
得益於 Muzic 酒莊的 Stare Brajde ‘Collio’ 2019 白葡萄酒，意大利東北部的弗留利首次出現在 DWWA 最佳展示獎獲獎名單中。
There were also two Golds for Ukraine, the first time the country has struck Gold at DWWA.
烏克蘭也獲得了兩枚金牌，這是該國首次在 DWWA 上獲得金牌。
Sarah Jane Evans, Co-Chair at DWWA 2021, said of the results, “You know that this is something that's been through a really rigorous judging process. We're not playing at judging here. This is blind tasting.
DWWA 2021 聯合主席莎拉·簡·埃文斯 (Sarah Jane Evans) 談到結果時說：“你知道，這是經過非常嚴格的評審過程的事情。我們不是在這裡評判。這是盲品。
We have absolutely no idea what the wines are and we're tasting them not only in panels together where we have to each discuss and think about them deeply, but then they go up to Regional Chairs who are experts in those countries.”
我們完全不知道這些葡萄酒是什麼，我們不僅要一起在小組中品嚐它們，我們每個人都必須深入討論和思考它們，然後他們還會上到這些國家的專家區域主席那裡。”
She added, “It's a very, very rigorous process, but it highlights fabulous wines at the end of it.”
她補充說：“這是一個非常非常嚴格的過程，但它在最後突出了美妙的葡萄酒。”
Andrew Jefford, also a DWWA Co-Chair, said, “DWWA is the world's leading wine competition. I'm absolutely thrilled to take part in it every year because having tasted in a number of other competitions I know how well it's organised, how carefully everything is done. So if you get a medal from DWWA it really is worth having and everybody respects it internationally. We get entries from every corner of the wine world, so it is as it were the closest you can get to a universal benchmark.”
DWWA 聯合主席 Andrew Jefford 說：“DWWA 是世界領先的葡萄酒競賽。我非常高興每年都參加它，因為在參加過許多其他比賽后，我知道它組織得多麼好，一切都做得多麼仔細。因此，如果您從 DWWA 獲得獎牌，那確實值得擁有，而且每個人都在國際上尊重它。我們收到來自葡萄酒世界各個角落的參賽作品，因此它是您可以獲得的最接近通用基準的作品。”
More highlights from DWWA 2021
DWWA 2021 的更多亮點
Noteworthy highlights include two Best in Show medals for German Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, showcasing the country’s ability to make top wines with these classic Burgundian grape varieties. A 2011-vintage English sparkling wine also won a Best in Show medal.
值得注意的亮點包括德國黑比諾和霞多麗的兩枚最佳展示獎牌，展示了該國使用這些經典勃艮第葡萄品種釀造頂級葡萄酒的能力。 一款 2011 年份的英國起泡酒也獲得了最佳展示獎。
In terms of more unexpected wins, in North America, there was a Gold medal for a New York Sauvignon Blanc Sémillon blend produced in the North Fork of Long Island AVA, while in Canada Niagara Peninsula winery Hidden Bench won a Best in Show medal for its Felseck Vineyard Chardonnay 2018.
在更多出人意料的勝利方面，在北美，長島 AVA 北叉生產的紐約長相思賽美蓉混釀獲得了金牌，而在加拿大，尼亞加拉半島的酒廠 Hidden Bench 則獲得了最佳展示獎。 Felseck 葡萄園霞多麗 2018。
Russia won its second ever Platinum medal, while wines from Japan won two Platinums and four Gold medals.
俄羅斯獲得了有史以來第二枚白金獎，而日本的葡萄酒則獲得了兩枚白金獎和四枚金牌。
Classic styles from well-known areas also performed extremely well at DWWA 2021, demonstrating why they enjoy such vaunted reputations among wine lovers.
知名產區的經典款式在 DWWA 2021 上也表現異常出色，證明了它們為何在葡萄酒愛好者中享有如此吹噓的聲譽。
The list of Best in Show medals includes Champagne, California Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir, Barossa Valley Shiraz and Margaret River Chardonnay from Australia, Rioja Gran Reserva from the lauded 2004 vintage, South African Cabernet Sauvignon, Vinho Verde from Portugal and Malbec from Argentina.
最佳展示獎牌名單包括香檳、加州赤霞珠和黑比諾、澳大利亞的巴羅薩谷設拉子和瑪格麗特河霞多麗、來自備受讚譽的 2004 年份的里奧哈特級珍藏、南非赤霞珠、葡萄牙的維尼奧維德和阿根廷的馬爾貝克。
Excitement surrounding the Barolo 2016 vintage in Italy’s Piedmont region was given a further boost after Diego Morra’s ‘Monvigliero’ 2016 was awarded a Best in Show medal.
在迭戈·莫拉 (Diego Morra) 的 2016 年“蒙維列羅”(Monvigliero) 獲得最佳表演獎之後，圍繞意大利皮埃蒙特地區的巴羅洛 (Barolo) 2016 年份的興奮度進一步提升。
In total, Italy won seven Best in Show medals, also including Prosecco and Brunello di Montalcino DOCG wines, as well as a Timorasso dry white from Piedmont and a Vin Santo di Carmignano sweet wine from Tuscany.
意大利總共贏得了七項最佳展示獎牌，其中還包括 Prosecco 和 Brunello di Montalcino DOCG 葡萄酒，以及來自 Piedmont 的 Timorasso 幹白和來自托斯卡納的 Vin Santo di Carmignano 甜酒。
Some Best in Show awards went to lesser-known styles from top producer nations. New Zealand is renowned for Sauvignon Blanc but it was Tohu’s ‘Whenua Matua’ Chardonnay 2018 that won a Best in Show medal at DWWA 2021. Chile’s La Causa, Cinsault-País-Carignan 2019 from Itata Valley also received this top accolade.
一些最佳展示獎頒給了來自頂級製作國的鮮為人知的款式。 新西蘭以長相思而聞名，但 Tohu 的“Whenua Matua”霞多麗 2018 年在 DWWA 2021 上獲得了最佳展示獎。智利的 La Causa、Itata Valley 的 Cinsault-País-Carignan 2019 也獲得了這一最高榮譽。
Elsewhere, Greece narrowly beat its strong performance at last year’s competition. A Greek Assyrtiko white wine won a Best in Show medal, and the country received six Platinum and 16 Gold medals at DWWA 2021 overall.
在其他地方，希臘在去年的比賽中以微弱優勢擊敗其強勁表現。 一款希臘 Assyrtiko 白葡萄酒獲得了最佳展示獎，該國在 2021 年 DWWA 上獲得了 6 枚白金獎和 16 枚金牌。
ps.你可以閱讀Olivia Mason July 7, 2021的報導：https://reurl.cc/lRpXrd ；或到：https://awards.decanter.com/DWWA 上查看完整的獲獎者名單
（飲酒過量有礙身心健康，未成年請勿飲酒&酒後不開車）

【基礎力量 vs 專項力量，哪個重要？】

先練上下肢的水平推/拉、垂直推/拉等基礎力量比較好，還是直接練專項力量。在我個人很推崇的週期化力量訓練專書"System"中的第二章〈設計訓練課表〉第一段，作者以游泳為例，揭明了答案：

「訓練動作的選擇在近年來引起熱議。近年來，專項訓練這個概念愈來愈受歡迎，這也使得訓練動作在選擇上一直往專項靠攏。」

「比如說，我們認識一位游泳教練設計了六種陸上訓練動作，全都是在模仿划手的動作，以及特別針對游泳選手的手臂和肩膀來訓練。他的課表中完全沒有下肢和全身性的力量訓練動作。他的四位選手在接受了六週以槓鈴為主的全身性力量訓練後，全都打破了個人最佳紀錄，其中有一位還因此成為州冠軍，並且拿到第一級別的體育獎學金。」

「這雖然是一個比較極端的案例，但並不是例外，有愈來愈多的例證顯示當教練愈是努力想在重訓室裡模擬專項運動來設計力量訓練動作，反而無法有效幫助運動員提升表現。」
--

原文如下：

Exercise selection has become a hot-button issue in recent years. Sport-specific training and exercises intended to carry over more specifically to a particular sport have grown in popularity.

As an example, we know of a well-intentioned swim coach’s prescribed dry-land training that utilized about six exercises, all designed to mimic particular swimming strokes and all of them directed at the arms and shoulders. The program had no lower-body work and no total-body movements. After four of this coach’s underperforming athletes went through a six-week training cycle of whole-body barbell training, they all set personal records in their respective events and one became a state champion and Division I scholarship athlete.

This is an extreme case, yet it is becoming more the norm than the exception for misguided coaches to try to simulate a sport in the weightroom with poor results in athletic performance.
--

我認為作者的意思並不是認為專項力量不重要，而是基礎力量要先建立好，再來練專項力量才會有效果……作者在書中提到80%／20% 原則，它又稱為帕列托法則（Pareto’s Principle）。簡單說是20%的動作可以帶來80%的效果，所以在力量訓練初期，動作選擇不要太複雜，我在討論區裡有把作者所選的20%關鍵訓練動作整理翻譯出來，有興趣的人可以參考：https://www.runningquotient.com/group-forum/topic?tid=1221

對於這個議題有興趣，也歡迎在討論區裡提出來討論。

--
註："System"這本書的全名是："The System: Soviet Periodization Adapted for the American Strength Coach"，它是由三位美國教練所寫的訓練書，我個人非常喜歡，比最早從蘇聯引進週期訓練的圖德．邦帕博士(Dr. Tudor Bompa)所寫的《運動員的週期化肌力訓練》（Periodization Training for Sports）更具實用性。簡單來講，《The System》的理論與訓練法之間的鏈結更強、更緊密，較容易落實到訓練現場。這本書的教練們去俄國學了多年的週期化訓練，並結合了數十年的執教經驗之後，整理成這本著作。

#盼望的大海 #Rosé #BLACKPINK
完全娛樂
更多偶像獨家請訂閱完全娛樂YouTube頻道→ https://www.youtube.com/user/SETShowBiz?sub_confirmation=1
-
歡迎幫助完娛提供多國字幕翻譯讓世界各地的朋友一起享受完全娛樂
翻譯字幕請直接私訊"完娛臉書"提供給我們喔：）
https://www.facebook.com/setshowbiz