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常犯嘅英文作文語文錯誤好多，我哋今次探討下一部分先：
.
名詞：
(1) advice
❌ Let me give you an advice.
✅ Let me give you a piece of / some advice.
➡️ advice 係 uncountable noun，唔好...
/
常犯嘅英文作文語文錯誤好多，我哋今次探討下一部分先：
.
名詞：
(1) advice
❌ Let me give you an advice.
✅ Let me give you a piece of / some advice.
➡️ advice 係 uncountable noun，唔好再寫 an advice，可以寫 a piece/word of advice
.
(2) research
❌ She has conducted an extensive research into breast cancer.
✅ She has conducted extensive research into breast cancer.
➡️ research 可以用眾數，但係唔可以寫成可數的單數，我哋可以就咁寫 research 或者 a research study
.
(3) staff
❌ There are 50 staffs in this company.
✅ There are 50 staff members in this company.
➡️ staff 指全間公司嘅所有員工成員，如果要指幾多個員工，必須寫 staff members
.
(4) society
❌ There are many conflicts in the society.
✅ There are many conflicts in society.
➡️ 當 society (n.) 泛指由所有人士構成嘅「社會」時，不需要加上 the，而且不可數
➡️ 但解作「學會／組織／社團」時，可以加 the，而且可數
.
動詞：
(1) lack
❌ Many students lack of time for leisure activities.
✅ Many students lack time for leisure activities.
lack 嘅常用句構：
a) There + be + a lack of + N.
b) N. + lack + N.
c) N. + be + lacking in + N.
.
(2) let
❌ Employers should let employees to go home on time.
✅ Employers should let employees go home on time.
➡️ 其實大家都學過，let (v.t.) 嘅正確用法係 let + sb./sth. + bare inf.，中間不需要 to
➡️ 但係 allow (v.t.) 則需要 to：
✅ Employers should allow employees to go home on time.
.
(3) emphasise
❌ We should not emphasise on results; the process is more important.
✅ We should not emphasise results.
➡️ emphasise (v.t.) 係及物動詞，後面直接加名詞
➡️ emphasis (n.) 嘅正確用法係 lay/place/put + emphasis + on + N.：
✅ We should not lay emphasis on results.
.
(4) suggest
❌ I suggest you to do more exercise.
✅ I suggest that you (should) do more exercise.
✅ I advise you to do more exercise.
➡️ suggest sb. to do sth. 係錯誤嘅結構
.
句式：
(1) Anticipatory it
❌ We are important to have a balanced diet.
✅ It is important for us to have a balanced diet.
➡️ 呢句嘅 it 指 to have a balanced diet，而重要嘅嘢正正就係均衡飲食，而唔係我哋
.
(2) There have ...
❌ There have many people.
✅ There are many people.
➡️ 其實大家都學過 there + be 嘅句構，但總會錯
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emphasis動詞 在 Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文 Facebook 的精選貼文
【師培專文】英文用錯別急著怪你的「中文腦」。7大種錯誤來源
當沒有教學靈感時，就回到 "learners" 和 "learning" 這兩件事的本質去思考。其中要了解 learners 頭腦裡的語言 (interlanguage)， learner errors 可以給我們很多很多的線索。
提出 The Output Hypothesis 的習得大師 Merrill Swain 指出，errors 是學習者對於語言的錯誤假設 (Wrong hypothesis) 的產物。應用語言學之父 Pit Corder 極為有影響力的論文即命名為：The Significance of Learner Errors.
但學習者和老師都必須要知道：Not all errors are equal. 錯誤可以粗略分成下面幾個來源，有了對錯誤的系統性理解以後，教學者、老師們、甚至學習者才能進而很細緻地去思考 怎樣的 corrective feedback、怎樣的 instruction (pedagogical intervention) 會對於鏟除這些錯誤有幫助 (or 沒幫助) 。
但前提是我們要學習如何：
(1) Collect samples of learner language
(2) Identify the errors
(3) Describe and explain the errors
(4) Evaluate / correct the errors
【學習者錯誤大概可分成下面幾種錯誤】
Type 1️⃣: Errors of Overproduction (過度使用)
小明剛看完一篇文章很不完整地在講定冠詞 the 什麼時候用。滿腦子都是 the，導致於他隔天寫英文時，不需要 the 的地方也用了 the。
當教學、教材不夠完整很容易有這樣的狀況，語言學家 Larry Selinker 曾經用 Transfer of Training 一詞形容「教學可以對學習造成的負面影響」。
➠ 當你看完「英文冠詞八大法」「介系詞就靠這幾招」這樣的文章時，要特別小心，你有可能越學越回去。
Type 2️⃣: L1 Transfer (對於母語對外語的影響，比較先進的說法是 cross-linguistic influence)
中式英文: I'm easy to get lost while driving in a big city. (腦中翻譯: 我很容易。。。)
正確: I get lost easily while driving in a big city.
中式英文: The knowledge I learned from him is very useful. (learn knowledge 是中式搭配詞錯誤，應使用 acquire knowledge)
Type 3️⃣: Developmental Errors (發展型錯誤)
小明學了 Where is the restroom? 後，程度慢慢變好時，學了「間接問句」。有一天他突然不知道到底是 Can you tell me where is the restroom? 還是 Can you tell me where the restroom is?
Type 4️⃣: Inherent difficulty / complexity (語言本身複雜性)
• He went to University of Pennsylvania.
(應該使用 He went to the University of Pennsylvania.)
Type 5️⃣: Overgeneralization (過度類化)
• *We should emphasize on... (將 put emphasis on 的 on 誤送給動詞)
• *We really need to cost down. (來自於 We need to bring the cost down. 的不求甚解學習)
Type 6️⃣: Oversimplification (過度簡化)
*He didn't wear mask today. (應該用 wear a mask，可能是 Type 2 加上 Type 6 的綜合)
Type 7️⃣: 綜合型錯誤 (一個以上的原因加總)
• I suggested him to go to see a doctor immediately.
• He didn't reply my email.
應該是 reply to...可能學生想到 answer my phone、可能是在翻中文、可能是 overgeneralization、及物不及物本身也有複雜性)
✔︎ 台灣英語師培系統過去30年，因課程內容只對了真正在研究「語言學習過程」的第二語言習得 (SLA) 研究做了非常皮毛的「交代」，大多台灣的英文老師，都在不知道怎麼回答之下走進了教室，開始了一年又一年用trial and error 學習教學的過程。
➠ 知名語言學家 Ringbom 在 2007 年一篇 paper 裡也提及: "...we need to know enough about learning before we start making assumptions on the efficiency of teaching."
如果你未來想要當、或現在是個英文老師，認同這個理念，也想要用科學來引導教學、讓自己和學生都能不斷進步，站在世界最前端，那麼我歡迎你參加我的師培課程！
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