http://xination.pixnet.net/blog/post/23864698


liberate

liber(free)-ate

v.解放,使獲自由 [to set free, as from imprisonment or bondage.]

ps. 也可以用來指從外國政府的控制下釋放、社會的經濟的束縛中釋放

ex. to liberate slaves.
去解放奴隸。


字源：li-bera-tus (ptp. of li-bera-re to free), = li-bera--+ -tus suffix


c.f.小提醒

字根 liter == letter

字根 liber == free





liberal

liber-al

adj.開明的,不守舊的 [Not limited to or by established, traditional, orthodox, or authoritarian attitudes, views, or dogmas]

ex. The church has become more liberal in this century.

adj.自由主義的,允許變革的, [Favoring proposals for reform, open to new ideas for progress, and tolerant of the ideas and behavior of others; broad-minded.]

adj.慷慨的,大方的 [Generous in amount; ample]

ex. He is liberal with his money.
他花錢大方。


ps.

liberal arts = 文科

liberal studies/education = 通識教育




liberality

liberal-ity

n.開明、慷慨 [The quality or state of being liberal or generous.]

ex. He was a man of extraordinary vigor and liberality of mind.
他是個生氣勃勃和思想非常開朗的人。




liberty

liber-ty

n.自由 [The condition of being free from restriction or control.]

n.自由權 [The right and power to act, believe, or express oneself in a manner of one's own choosing.]

ex. You may have the liberty of my room.
你可以使用我的房間。


ps. The Statue of Liberty= 自由女神像

字源：L li-berta-s, = li-ber free + -ta-s -ty


c.f.

liberal 概念偏是指open mind...能廣泛、沒有限制的接收不同的ideas

liberality是他的名詞型，指的是「廣泛、沒有限制的接收不同的ideas」


liberty的概念是freedom，它指一種情況、或者是一種權利，於此，我們可以自由行動、自由說話。





libertine

libert-ine

n.放蕩者 [a person who is morally or sexually unrestrained, esp. a dissolute man]

n.持自由思想者 [a freethinker in religious matters.]

adj. [free of moral, esp. sexual, restraint; dissolute; licentious.]


字源：li-bert(us) freedman (appar. by reanalysis of liber-ta-s liberty as libert-a-s) + -i-nus -ine

它將原來的拉丁字拆法改變，原先是liber-tas, liber代表freedom, 改拆成libert-as, 然後再用libert接 ine這個字尾。

它的字義，最早是"an emancipated slave"(1382)被釋放的奴隸，在1563後才有"freethinker"的概念，then於1593開始有"dissolute or licentious person"，而現在，我們大多使用這個字義--放蕩者，也有香水使用這個名字唷。


"電影The Libertine "

ps.Johnny Depp(THE LIBERTINE)中扮演了羅切斯特伯爵John Wilmot，(2nd Earl of Rochester)，英國宮廷才子、詩人，以放蕩墮落英年早逝聞名，死後他的作品才受到各界注意與褒揚。






libretto

n.劇本,歌詞(ex.歌劇,音樂劇的) [ the text or words of an opera or similar extended musical composition.]

ex. an opera libretto = 歌劇的劇本


字源：libretto是從義大利文來的字，其中libr(libro)是book的意思，例如library圖書館，也是由這樣構成的。雖然字根的來源不同，你可以這樣想，書是用來使人自由的，藉由liber聯想出libr有當書的意思。

ps. NBA馬刺隊有個叫Oberto的球員。





license

n.許可 [Official or legal permission to do or own a specified thing.]

ex. 比方說汽車駕照, driving license.

ex. a license for the sale of alcoholic drinks

n.放縱 [Lack of due restraint; excessive freedom]

ps.有放縱字義的原因是由於"特許"的概念來的

ex. When liberty becomes license, dictatorship is near.
當自由變成了放縱，專制就靠近了。


ps. 還有

n.文藝,美術作品的)破格 [intentional deviation from rule, convention, or fact, as for the sake of literary or artistic effect]

ex. poetic license. = 詩的破格


字源：licentia authorization, = licent- (s. of lice-ns, prp. of lice-re to be allowed) + -ia -ia





licentious

licent(to be allowed)-ious

adj.放蕩的 [Lacking moral discipline or ignoring legal restraint, especially in sexual conduct.]

ex. Though great artists have been licentious, licence does not necessarily result in great art.
偉大的藝術家們雖然曾經都是放蕩形骸的，但放蕩形骸未必導致偉大的藝術。

adj. [Having no regard for accepted rules or standards.]



licentious:dissoluteness





lien

n.抵押權,留置權 (扣押他人的財產來保障債務還清) [Law. the legal claim of one person upon the property of another person to secure the payment of a debt or the satisfaction of an obligation.]

ex. The court granted me a lien on my debtor's property.
法庭授予我對我債務人財產的留置權。


聯想：

1. Mathew Lien (馬修連恩)的財產被人抵押了

2. 財產被躺在別人的地方，被抵押了

字源：L liga-men tie, bandage, = liga-(re) to tie + -men n. suffix of result /* 看看就好*/


lien:claim 扣押權是一種權利






ligneous

lign(wood)-eous

adj.木質的[of the nature of or resembling wood; woody.]

ex. ligneous tissue
木質組織


c.f.

lign-eous adj.木質的

ign-eous adj.火成的 [樹幹 l 被燒掉的就是火成的...]




liken

like-en

v.比擬 [To see, mention, or show as similar]

ex. life has often been likend to a journey.

ps. compare A to B; liken A to B 把A比喻B

ex. I can only compare the experience to falling in love.

= I can only liken the experience to falling in love.


liken:similarity＝discriminate:difference
有相似性才可以相比＝有差別才可以區分

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