這是我見過最好最實用的防疫文章！
請耐心看完並力行實踐！
保護自己，家人及他人！
James Robb, MD UC San Diego. 詹姆斯.蘿蔔，加州大學聖地亞哥分校醫學博士

Subject: What I am doing for the upcoming COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic
新冠疫情擴散下我的防備攻略

Dear Colleagues, as some of you may recall, when I was a professor of pathology at the University of California San Diego, I was one of the first molecular virologists in the world to work on coronaviruses (the 1970s). I was the first to demonstrate the number of genes the virus contained. Since then, I have kept up with the coronavirus field and its multiple clinical transfers into the human population (e.g., SARS, MERS), from different animal sources.
眾所周知，我是冠狀病毒的分子病毒專家，從70年代到現在一直在研究這些病毒。所以我是有發言權的。

The current projections for its expansion in the US are only probable, due to continued insufficient worldwide data, but it is most likely to be widespread in the US by mid to late March and April.
現在大規模在美國爆發還只是一個可能，現在還是數據不足。但是廣泛傳播要到三月底四月份。

Here is what I have done and the precautions that I take and will take. These are the same precautions I currently use during our influenza seasons, except for the mask and gloves.
我預防冠狀病毒的方法和防止流感一樣，只是增加口罩和手套。

1) NO HANDSHAKING! Use a fist bump, slight bow, elbow bump, etc.
不要和別人握手。用碰拳頭，小鞠躬，碰胳膊肘等代替。

2) Use ONLY your knuckle to touch light switches. elevator buttons, etc.. Lift the gasoline dispenser with a paper towel or use a disposable glove.
只用手指關節去開燈的開關和電梯按鈕。用紙或者戴手套加汽油。

3) Open doors with your closed fist or hip - do not grasp the handle with your hand, unless there is no other way to open the door. Especially important on bathroom and post office/commercial doors.
不要用手抓門把，特別是公共廁所，郵局，商業中心的門。用拳頭和屁股把門撞開。

4) Use disinfectant wipes at the stores when they are available, including wiping the handle and child seat in grocery carts.
如果店裡有抗菌濕巾提供，用它來擦所有碰到的把柄和兒童座。

5) Wash your hands with soap for 10-20 seconds and/or use a greater than 60% alcohol-based hand sanitizer whenever you return home from ANY activity that involves locations where other people have been.
每次從外面回家，至少用肥皂洗手20秒。

6) Keep a bottle of sanitizer available at each of your home's entrances. AND in your car for use after getting gas or touching other contaminated objects when you can't immediately wash your hands.
在家裡的門口和車里放一瓶消毒液。

7) If possible, cough or sneeze into a disposable tissue and discard. Use your elbow only if you have to. The clothing on your elbow will contain infectious virus that can be passed on for up to a week or more!
如果來得及，盡量打噴嚏擤鼻涕到紙巾上。如果來不及用胳膊肘捂了，要及時換衣服。

What I have stocked in preparation for the pandemic spread to the US:
在美國家裡，我囤積了一下物資：

1) Latex or nitrile latex disposable gloves for use when going shopping, using the gasoline pump, and all other outside activity when you come in contact with contaminated areas.
一次性橡皮手套，外出時備用。

Note: This virus is spread in large droplets by coughing and sneezing. This means that the air will not infect you! BUT all the surfaces where these droplets land are infectious for about a week on average - everything that is associated with infected people will be contaminated and potentially infectious.
注意，病毒靠咳嗽和打噴嚏產生的較大的水霧珠傳播的，不是因為空氣本身。所有的水霧珠會落在各種各樣的表面，在那裡呆一個星期之久。所有感染的人碰過的東西都有病毒。

The virus is on surfaces and you will not be infected unless your unprotected face is directly coughed or sneezed upon. This virus only has cell receptors for lung cells (it only infects your lungs) The only way for the virus to infect you is through your nose or mouth via your hands or an infected cough or sneeze onto or into your nose or mouth.
這個病毒只會感染你的肺，而進入的途徑就是你的口鼻。所以唯一被感染的機會是你的手帶到你的口鼻除非有人直接對著你的臉打噴嚏咳嗽。

2) Stock up now with disposable surgical masks and use them to prevent you from touching your nose and/or mouth (We touch our nose/mouth 90X/day without knowing it!). This is the only way this virus can infect you - it is lung-specific. The mask will not prevent the virus in a direct sneeze from getting into your nose or mouth - it is only to keep you from touching your nose or mouth.
在家裡儲存一些一次性醫用口罩。其實口罩並不是用來防止別人對你打噴嚏，而是阻止你的手老是去碰你的口鼻。你可能不知道，我們每天不知不覺會碰自己的口鼻90次以上。

3) Stock up now with hand sanitizers and latex/nitrile gloves (get the appropriate sizes for your family). The hand sanitizers must be alcohol-based and greater than 60% alcohol to be effective.
儲存一些洗手消毒液，最好是含有有60%以上酒精那種及買一些手套。

4) Stock up now with zinc lozenges. These lozenges have been proven to be effective in blocking coronavirus (and most other viruses) from multiplying in your throat and nasopharynx. Use as directed several times each day when you begin to feel ANY "cold-like" symptoms beginning. It is best to lie down and let the lozenge dissolve in the back of your throat and nasopharynx. Cold-Eeze lozenges is one brand available, but there are other brands available.
儲備大量的鋅錠劑。一般的藥店應該有很多選擇。其中一種叫Cold-Eeze lozenges。鋅錠劑被證實對冠狀病毒和其他病毒有一定防治作用。當你開始感到有感冒的感覺到時候，按照說明書每天服用數次。最好安靜的躺下來，讓鋅錠劑慢慢融化在喉嚨和鼻腔里。

I, as many others do, hope that this pandemic will be reasonably contained, BUT I personally do not think it will be. Humans have never seen this snake-associated virus before and have no internal defense against it. Tremendous worldwide efforts are being made to understand the molecular and clinical virology of this virus. Unbelievable molecular knowledge about the genomics, structure, and virulence of this virus has already been achieved. BUT, there will be NO drugs or vaccines available this year to protect us or limit the infection within us. Only symptomatic support is available.
和大家一樣，我希望冠狀病毒的疫情能夠得到控制。科學界已經學到很多關於這個病毒的東西。可是畢竟人類沒有見過這個病毒，也沒有建立對它的免疫力。我不認為一年內會有真正有效藥物和疫苗開發出來拯救人類或者控制病毒。目前只能減緩病狀。

I hope these personal thoughts will be helpful during this potentially catastrophic pandemic. You are welcome to share this email.
Good luck to all of us.
Jim

我希望我這樣個人的想法對你有所幫助。歡迎你和大家分享這份文章的內容。
祝我們好運！詹姆斯
James Robb, MD FCAP

【轉載：我為即將到來的COVID-19大流行所採取的措施】

各位同事，您可能還記得，當我是加利福尼亞大學聖地亞哥分校的病理學教授時，我是世界上最早研究冠狀病毒的分子病毒學家之一（1970年代）。我是第一個證明該病毒包含的基因數量的人。從那時起，我就跟上了冠狀病毒領域及其從不同動物源到人類（例如SARS，MERS）的多種臨床轉移。

由於全球數據持續不足，目前對它在美國擴張的預測是可能的，但最有可能在3月中旬至4月中旬在美國廣泛傳播。

這是我所做的事情以及我將要採取的預防措施。這些是我目前在流感季節使用的相同預防措施，除了口罩和手套。

1）不能握手！使用拳頭撞擊，輕微的弓形，肘部撞擊等

2）僅用指節觸摸電燈開關。電梯按鈕等。用紙巾提起加油機或使用一次性手套。

3）用閉合的拳頭或臀部打開門-除非沒有其他打開門的方法，否則不要用手抓住把手。在浴室和郵局/商業門上尤其重要。

4）到店時，請使用消毒濕巾，包括擦拭雜物車上的把手和兒童座椅。

5）每當您從涉及他人居住地點的任何活動中返回家中時，請用肥皂洗手10-20秒和/或使用大於60％的酒精類洗手液。

6）在您家的每個入口處都準備一瓶消毒液。並且當您無法立即洗手時，在加油或接觸其他受污染的物體後，可以在車上使用。

7）如果可能，咳嗽或打噴嚏到一次性紙巾中並丟棄。僅在必要時才使用肘部。肘部的衣服將包含傳染性病毒，這些病毒可以傳播長達一周或更長時間！

我為準備向美國大流行傳播所準備的庫存：

1）購物，使用汽油泵時使用的乳膠或丁腈乳膠一次性手套，以及接觸污染區域時的所有其他室外活動。

注意：該病毒通過咳嗽和打噴嚏以大液滴的形式傳播。這意味著空氣不會感染您！但是這些飛沫降落的所有表面平均具有傳染性，大約一周左右-與感染者相關的所有事物都會被污染並具有潛在的傳染性。該病毒在表面，除非您未受保護的臉部直接被咳嗽或打噴嚏，否則您不會被感染。該病毒僅具有肺細胞的細胞受體（僅感染肺部）。唯一感染該病毒的方法是通過鼻子，嘴巴，手，被感染的咳嗽或打噴嚏或打噴嚏到鼻子或嘴巴。

2）現在要存放一次性外科口罩，並使用它們來防止您觸摸鼻子和/或嘴巴（我們不知不覺每天觸摸鼻子/嘴90倍！）。這是該病毒感染您的唯一方法-它是肺特異性的。口罩不會阻止直接打噴嚏中的病毒進入您的鼻子或嘴巴-只是防止您觸摸鼻子或嘴巴。

3）現在要儲備洗手液和乳膠/丁腈手套（為您的家人準備合適的尺寸）。洗手液必須基於酒精，並且酒精含量大於60％才能有效。

4）現在庫存含鋅錠劑。這些錠劑已被證明可有效阻止冠狀病毒（和大多數其他病毒）在您的喉嚨和鼻咽中繁殖。當您開始感覺到任何“冷樣”症狀時，請每天按指示使用幾次。最好躺下，讓錠劑溶解在您的喉嚨和鼻咽後部。 Cold-Eeze錠劑是一個可用的品牌，但還有其他可用的品牌。

我和其他許多人一樣，希望這種流行病能夠得到合理遏制，但我個人認為不會。人類以前從未見過這種與蛇相關的病毒，也沒有內部防禦措施。全球正在做出巨大的努力來了解這種病毒的分子和臨床病毒學。關於這種病毒的基因組學，結構和毒力，已經獲得了令人難以置信的分子知識。但是，今年將沒有可用的藥物或疫苗來保護我們或限制我們內部的感染。僅對症支持。

我希望這些個人想法對這一潛在的災難性大流行有幫助。歡迎您分享此電子郵件。祝大家好運！吉姆

詹姆斯·羅伯（James Robb），醫學博士

https://slippedisc.com/2020/03/some-expert-advice-on-coronavirus/

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