http://xination.pixnet.net/blog/post/23744800


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untenable:defended＝invulnerable:injured

irascible:placate＝insensate:conscious

irascible <> affable

iridescent <> monochromatic

irk <> make someone pleased


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invoke

in-vok(call)-e [ex. voice]

v.祈求 [to call for with earnest desire; make supplication or pray for]

ps. 你求神顯靈來幫助你的時候，就是用這個字invoke，或是想請個famous person幫
支持你的意見，也可以用invoke

ex. to invoke God to help

v.招換精靈 [To summon with incantations; conjure.]

v.訴諸(法律等) [to declare to be binding or in effect]

ps. invoke xx law 的意思就是援用、訴諸 xx law，

ex. The judge invoked an international law that protects refugees.

v.喚起 [ to cause, call forth]

ex The music invoked memories of my childhood.
這音樂使我想起自己的童年。



invoke <> suspend v.暫停







involuntary

in-volunt(will)-ary

adj.非自願的, [not voluntary; independent of one's will; not by one's own
choice]

ex. an involuntary listener

adj.不受意志控制的 [ Physiology. acting independently of or done or occurring
without volition(意志)]

ex. Sneezing is involuntary.
打噴嚏是不自覺的。


voluntary

volunt(will)-ary

adj.自願的

adj.自發的


volunteer

n.義工






invulnerable

in-vulner(to wound)-able

adj.不會受傷害的; 無懈可擊的 [incapable of being wounded, hurt, or damaged.]

ex. an invulnerable argument
無懈可擊的議論

ex. to establish oneself in an invulnerable position.


字源： L. vulnerā(re) "to wound"


ps.無敵艦隊 = Armada (全名la Armada Invencible)





iodine

n.碘


字源：from Greek ioeidēs"violet-colored" : ion, violet + -oeidēs, -oid

iodine前面的iod是從希臘文的紫色來的





iota

n.極微小量 [a very small quantity]

ex. He's never shown an iota of interest in any kind of social work.

n.希臘語字母第九字 [the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (I, ι).]


ps. iota是希臘文中最小的字母，所以才會有「極微小量」的意思。





irascible

ira(ire)-sc-ible

adj.易怒的 [easily provoked to anger]

adj. [characterized or produced by anger]


字源：LL īrāscibilis, equiv. to L īrāsc- (s. of īrāscī to grow angry;
equiv. to īr(a) ire + -ā- theme vowel + -sc- inchoative suffix + -ī inf.
ending; see -esce ) + -ibilis -ible

irascible的字根是ira這個字，它就是ire n.anger的意思

補充一下，字典這邊說irasci的字構是由 ir(a) + a + sc

其中a-- theme vowel是在拉丁文的一個特色：功能是發音而加上的

而sc -- inchoative suffix -- 它就是v+ing的ing功能一樣


聯想：其實也可以用rad這個字根來記，rad 是擦去的意思，摩擦就會火氣大~~容易生氣


rad == scrape

erase v.擦掉,抹去

eraser n.橡皮擦

abrade v.擦掉






ire

n.忿怒 [intense anger; wrath.]

ex. I felt pain, and then I felt ire; and then I felt a determination to
subdue her.
我感到痛苦，接著又感到憤怒，最後我下決心要征服她。

(optional) ex. Pain, shame, ire, impatience, disgust, detestation, seemed
momentarily to hold a quivering conflict in the large pupil dilating under
his eyebrow.
痛苦，羞恥，憤怒，煩躁，嫌惡，憎恨，似乎一下子都在他那濃眉下擴大的瞳孔裡顫慄
地衝突起來。



fire n.火

ire n.忿怒






irate

adj.生氣的 [angry; enraged]

ex. irate protesters

ex. An irate phone call.
一個憤怒的電話


聯想：i + rate( 比例,怒斥) 我被一個豬頭長官怒斥，氣死我了

字源： L īrātus ptp. of īrāscī to be angry. 跟irascible是同樣的來源的


gush:effusive＝rage:irate






iridescent

irid(rainbow)-esc-ent

adj.彩虹色的 [displaying a play of lustrous colors like those of the rainbow.]

ex. iridescent bubbles.


字源：irido-是個希臘字根，其意思是rainbow






irk

v.使苦惱, 使厭惡[to irritate, annoy, or exasperate]

ex. It irked him to wait in line.


"What the Irk?"

joke一則：NBA小牛隊的 Dirk因為防守不力，名字就被改成了irk..




irksome

irk-some

adj.使苦惱的, 使厭惡的 [annoying; irritating; exasperating]

ex. irksome restrictions.

ex. She desired a fixed occupation-no matter how onerous, how irksome.
她希望有個固定的職業，不管這個職業多麼繁重，多麼令人厭倦。





ironclad

iron-clad

adj.裝甲的 [covered or cased with iron plates, as a ship for naval warfare]

adj.堅固的、嚴格的 [very rigid or exacting; inflexible; unbreakable]

ex. an ironclad contract
不可動搖的契約


字源：clad的意思是被xx cover的意思，它是 cloth的變化體，比方說 ivy-clad tower
指的是被常春藤包覆的塔


firm:ironclad





irony

n.反諷、諷刺 [the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of
its literal meaning]

ps. 比方說你老闆叫你假日來上班，你說"Oh~ how nice"這就是一個irony

n.出乎意料的結果 [an outcome of events contrary to what was, or might have
been, expected.]

ps. 比方說一向愛遲到的老王，今天居然早到，真是一個irony阿。


你可以用聯想法去記這個字，

在他的冷嘲熱諷下，本來鐵(iron)打的心都變軟了，真是一個諷刺(irony)阿 ...我亂掰
的

(irony的字源跟鐵沒什麼關係)




ironic

adj.反諷的、諷刺的

ex. It's ironic that the weakest student in mathematics was elected class
treasurer.
數學最差的學生竟被選為班級財務幹事,這真是具有諷刺意味。

adj.出乎意料的結果的








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