論述分析
Discourse Analysis

一段談話或「論述」(discourse) 是由許多「命題」(proposition) 所構成。「論述分析
」(discourse analysis) 就是分析這些命題之間的關係，目的是要明白作者的思路。

One speech or "discourse" is constituted by multiple "propositions." "Discourse
analysis" means an analysis of relationships between these propositions, and it
aims to realize the author's thinking.


命題 (proposition) ＝ 主詞 (subject) + 述語 (predicate)

proposition = subject + predicate

何謂「命題」？命題是對一個人、事、物 (主詞) 所作的陳述 (述語)。所以每個命題必
定有主詞和述語兩部分。例如，「亞伯拉罕」不是一個命題，因為我們不知道作者要說亞
伯拉罕甚麼；「亞伯拉罕相信神的應許」「亞伯拉罕生了以撒」「亞伯拉罕成為信心之父
」，每個都是一個命題，都對亞伯拉罕作了一個陳述。主詞和述語都可以很複雜，例「以
色列的先祖亞伯拉罕到一百的時候才從妻子撒拉生了以撒」還是一個命題，它最基本的陳
述還是「亞伯拉罕生了以撒」，其他只是補充、澄清、修飾、潤色這個基本陳述的。

What is "proposition"? A proposition is a statement (predicate) regarding a
person, thing, or object (subject). Hence, each proposition must have the two
parts: subject and predicate. For example, "Abreham" is not a proposition,
because we do not know what the author intends to convey about Abraham, while
each of "Abraham had faith in God's promises," "Abraham have birth to Isaac,"
"Abraham became the Father of Faith" is a proposition, a statement about
Abraham. Both subjects and predicates can be very complex. For example, "The
progenitor of Israel Abraham didn't gave birth to Isaac with his wife until
age 100" is still a proposition, but its most basic statement is still
"Abraham gave birth to Isaac," and other parts serve to supplement, clarify,
modify, and embellish the basic statement.


步驟一：分離命題 (Isolate the propositions)
所以論述分析首先要把每個命題分離出來。

Step 1: Isolate the propositions
So the first step of discourse analysis is to isolate each of the propositions.


步驟二：決定關係 (Determine the relationship)
命題分離出來後，我們要決定每個命題之間的關係。命題關係有兩大類：平行關係或附屬
關係。這兩大類底下又可再分許多項目。


Step 2: Determine the relationships
After isolating the propositions, we would like to determine the relationships
between each proposition. There are two major categories of relationships
between propositions: coordinate relationships and subordinate relationships.
under these two major categories, they can still be subdivided two multiple
subcategories.

http://www.chioulaoshi.org/EXG/discourse.html


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