醫學生的幸福在於背專業學科的名稱時，就能學到大量的字根字首，讓我
們一起分享這樣的快樂，順便認識必要的醫學單字。

1. adolescent (青少年) vs. adult (成人)

ad + ol + esc + ent => 青少年是逐漸成長的人
^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^
to grow become 名尾

ad + ul + t => 成人已經成長的人 (grown-up 裡用完成式)
^^ ^^ ^
to grow 表人 (如詩人 poet)

2. AIDS/HIV

複習一下 acronym (頭字語)。

AIDS = Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (後天免疫不全症候群)
^ ^ ^ ^
HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus (人類免疫不全病毒)
^ ^ ^

還記得 SARS 嗎？那段蒐集台大乖寶寶章的日子:)

SARS = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (嚴重急性呼吸道症候群)
^ ^ ^ ^

3. anesthesiology (麻醉學)

an + esthes + i + o + log + y => not feel 失去知覺 => 麻醉
^^ ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^
not feel SE SE study 名尾

看到 -logy 就知道「...學」，這很容易。

更常見要記的字是 anethetics (n) 麻醉藥。-ics 結尾在醫學上就是「藥
劑」，另外也可以當作「學問」(同 -logy)，如電子學 electronics。

觸類旁通，esthes 表 feel 可記美學 esthetics。美是從感覺來的，不是
嗎？(我們又再次複習了 -ics 的用法，對吧)

另外 esthes 的開頭 e 也可拼成 ae，因為以前的 ae 是一個字母，拼字上
不要被混淆了。

4. asthma (氣喘) / allergy (過敏) / immunology (免疫學)

asthma 在希臘文就是喘 (pant, 不是褲子XD) 的意思。

all + erg + y => 過敏是一種「奇怪的反應」
^^^ ^^^ ^
other, strange work, activity 名尾

al 作 other 解 => altruism (n) 利他主義。和自己不一樣的是陌生的、
奇怪的，所以外國人、外星人叫 alien。

erg 用「耳格」來記，耳格是功 (work) 的單位，一耳格 = 10 的 -7 次方
焦耳。

im + mun + o + logy => 不給你，所以你沒有 => 免疫
^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^
not give SE 學問

mun 作 give 在記一個 GRE 單字 => munificent (a) 慷慨的。其中 fic
從 fac (make) 來的，常常去做 (make) 給 (give) 這個動作不就是「慷慨
」嗎？

※ 先寫到這，我媽逼我去睡覺了 = = (待補，這篇應該要寫很久XD)

※ 引述《cedileon (新華書店)》之銘言：
: Asthma, Allergy & Immunology: The study and treatment of the body's reaction
: to foreign substances. The ailments treated by immunologists include hay
: fever, asthma, hives and other abnormal responses to allergens that range
: from dust and food to animals and chemicals.過敏治療學
: Breast-Cancer Surgery: Surgeons specializing in cancer of the breast are
: skilled in a number of surgical options, ranging from mastectomies to sentinel
: -node biopsies. They also work with a multidisciplinary team that may include
: oncologists, radiologists, pharmacists and others to determine the best
: strategy for follow-up treatment and care. 乳腺癌手術
: Cardiac Surgery: Highly trained and certified cardiac surgeons correct and
: repair multiple heart conditions, including coronary artery disease and
: congenital heart disease. Many cardiac surgeons specialize in minimally invasive
: surgeries that are performed through a small incision and require less recovery
: time and improve patient safety and comfort.心臟病手術
: Cardiology: The study of the heart. Cardiologists often specialize in a particular
: area, but collectively they diagnose and treat patients suffering from diseases
: of the heart, lungs and blood vessels; perform heart surgeries; and educate
: patients on preventing heart problems and living a heart-healthy lifestyle
: .心臟病學
: Colorectal Surgery: The treatment of diseases of the intestinal tract, anus
: and rectum through surgery. Colorectal surgeons not only operate to remove
: malignancies, they strongly encourage the testing that can lead to early
: detection. If caught early, colorectal cancer can be cured. Colorectal surgeons
: also deal with hemorrhoids, polyps and other ailments.結直腸手術
: Critical Care: Emergency departments and special-care units offer the services
: of highly trained physicians and nurses to provide minute-to-minute care
: to critically ill patients and patients whose lives are in danger.重症護理
: Dermatology: The medical field devoted to the study and treatment of disorders
: and diseases of the skin. Dermatologists help patients deal with a range
: of concerns, from warts to acne to skin cancers.皮膚病學
: Diabetes: Specialists in this field of medicine provide education in diabetes
: management, along with other tools to help patients take control of their
: diabetes and prevent it from interfering with active, healthy lives.糖尿病醫師
: Emergency Medicine: Emergency medicine specialists provide urgently needed
: treatment for injured and ill patients to prevent a worsening of the condition
: , disability or death. This treatment and care usually takes place in a hospital
: emergency room.搶救醫師
: Endocrinology: This branch of medicine focuses on the body’s “ductless”
: glands and how they function. Endocrinologists are concerned with the thyroid
: , pituitary and adrenal glands, among others, as well as nutritional disorders
: , sexual disorders, and problems such as diabetes and hypertension.內分泌病學
: Epilepsy: Neurologists specializing in this field of care help patients living
: with epilepsy and other seizure disorders live full and active lives. Treatment
: can involve surgery or medications, or can be a combination of both.癲癇科醫師
: Family Practice: Family practice physicians provide comprehensive medical
: care with an emphasis on caring for all members of the family. Family practice
: builds upon a core of knowledge derived from other disciplines, primarily
: pediatrics, internal medicine, OB/GYN, geriatrics, surgery and psychiatry
: . The family practitioner plays the role of personal physician.家庭醫師
: Gastroenterology: The study and treatment of conditions of the digestive
: system. A gastroenterologist diagnoses and treats disorders of the stomach
: , intestines, bowels and other structures, such as the liver, gall bladder
: , pancreas and esophagus. Gastroenterologists focus on maladies that include
: ulcers, jaundice, hepatitis and cancer.胃腸病學
: General Surgery: The study and practice of all types of surgical operations
: . General surgeons perform a number of procedures aimed at treating a range
: of diseases and conditions, including cancer, appendicitis, tonsillitis
: and hernia.常見病學
: Geriatrics: The study of aging and the treatment of problems in the elderly
: . Geriatric-care specialists consider a range of illnesses and conditions
: as they specifically affect the aged. These physicians frequently address
: the psychological and social aspects of aging, in addition to the physical
: aspects.老年病學
: Gynecologic Oncology: The study, diagnosis and treatment of tumors and cancers
: in the female reproductive system, including breast care.婦科腫瘤學
: Gynecology: The study and care of the female reproductive system, including
: breast care. Gynecologists provide routine care for women and treat a full
: spectrum of illnesses that particularly affect women.婦產科
: Hand Surgery: Surgeons in this specialty are trained to diagnose and repair
: damaged and injured hands. The conditions they treat range from carpal tunnel
: syndrome to sport-related injuries and the reattachment of severed fingers
: .手外傷治療師
: Head and Neck Surgery: Surgeons who are trained in head and neck surgery
: generally have subspecialties in areas that include otology (diseases of
: the ear), rhinology (diseases of the nose) and/or laryngology (diseases of
: the throat and larynx).頭頸手術師
: Headache: Neurologists who specialize in treating victims of chronic headaches
: and migraines and offer their patients multiple treatment options, including
: the latest medications, physical therapy, biofeedback and psychological
: counseling.間歇性頭痛治療師
: Hematology: The medical specialty concerned with blood and the blood system
: . A hematologist treats blood diseases such as cancer, lymphoma, serious
: anemia and sickle cell disease.血液病學
: Infectious Diseases: Diseases, often communicable, that are caused by the
: growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. A specialist
: in infectious diseases diagnoses and treats patients affected by illnesses
: ranging from pneumonia to salmonella to AIDS.傳染病
: Infertility Medicine: A field of treatment and research aimed at helping
: individuals and couples who want children but are having fertility problems
: or are otherwise having trouble conceiving. Procedures might include artificial
: insemination or in vitro fertilization, where an egg is removed from a woman
: ’s ovary, fertilized in a lab and then placed in the woman’s uterus.不孕症病學
: Internal Medicine: A broad-based medical field in which physicians rely on
: their knowledge of major organs to diagnose and treat patients. Internists
: treat a variety of afflictions, from colds and heart problems to infectious
: diseases. Internists often serve as a patient's primary doctor, coordinating
: all that person's health care.內科
: Midwife (CNM): A certified nurse midwife (CNM) is a registered nurse who
: has completed an advanced course of study and is certified by the American
: College of Nurse-Midwives. A midwife is trained to care for women during
: pregnancy, labor and the postnatal period; conduct normal deliveries; and
: to care for newborn babies under normal circumstances.新生兒孕婦看護
: Movement Disorders: Neurologists specializing in movement disorders are trained
: to diagnose and treat conditions of the nerves and muscles that may prevent
: such simple functions as walking across a room with ease or drinking a glass
: of water without spilling. These disorders include tremors, Parkinson’s
: disease, Huntington’s chorea and Tourrette’s syndrome.運動障礙
: Neonatology: A field of medicine devoted to the care and treatment of infants
: up to six weeks old. Neonatologists concentrate on the full spectrum of
: medical problems that can affect newborn babies.新生兒護理學
: Nephrology: The study and care of the kidneys and urinary system. Nephrologists
: treat kidney disorders, diabetes, renal failure and other illnesses. Treatments
: can range from dialysis to kidney transplants.腎病學
: Neurology: The study and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. A neurologist
: assists patients who have stroke complications, head injuries, epilepsy,
: Alzheimer's disease, and other afflictions of the brain and spinal cord.
: 神經系統疾病學
: Neuro-ophthalmology: Specialists in this branch of medicine offer the experience
: and the resources to help people with brain-related visual problems --as
: well as eye-movement problems --find hope for improved eyesight. Therapies
: range from botulinum toxin injection to nonsurgical treatment for facial
: spasms and excessive blinking.神經性眼病學
: Neurosurgery: Neurosurgeons specialize in surgically treating diseases and
: disorders of the nervous system. The nervous system consists of the brain
: and the spinal cord (central nervous system), along with the nerves of the
: brain and spinal cord (peripheral nervous system).神經外科
: Nuclear Medicine: A specialty that uses radioactive substances and sophisticated
: diagnostic equipment to determine a variety of conditions and diseases.
: The equipment used in nuclear medicine -- including MRI (magnetic resonance
: imaging) and PET (positron emission tomography) --reveals the inner workings
: of the body and its organs.放射科學
: Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN): OB/GYN is the field of medicine devoted
: to conditions specific to women. Obstetrics is the care of a woman during
: pregnancy and during and after childbirth. Gynecology is the study and care
: of the female reproductive system. An OB/GYN specialist combines these two
: disciplines to provide comprehensive care for women.婦產科
: Oncology --Medical: Medical oncologists are specialists in using various
: medications to treat and manage patients with cancer. This includes the
: use of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells, painkillers to manage cancer pain
: , and drugs that will eliminate or reduce the side effects of cancer treatment
: .腫瘤病學
: Oncology --Radiation: Radiation oncology is the field of medicine that uses
: therapeutic applications of radiation to manage cancer and other diseases
: . Radiation oncologists determine the type of radiation that will be used
: , as well as the amount or dose, and the number and length of treatments.
: 放射腫瘤科
: Ophthalmology: The medical specialty devoted to care of the eye and the treatment
: of diseases that affect eyes and vision. An ophthalmologist diagnoses and
: treats abnormalities of the eye and performs surgery on the eye. Ophthalmologists
: are medical doctors and are different from optometrists (who test vision
: and prescribe corrective lenses) and opticians (who make or sell corrective
: eyewear).眼病科
: Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery: The branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis
: and surgical treatment of diseases, injuries and deformities of the teeth
: , mouth and jaw. An oral surgeon removes wisdom teeth, repairs broken jaws
: and treats a range of other conditions. Specialists in this field are also
: called dental surgeons.口腔醫學也可做stomatological
: Orthopedic Surgery: The medical field concerned with the prevention and correction
: of muscular or skeletal injuries and abnormalities. Orthopedic surgeons
: treat complex conditions and injuries as well as broken bones, severe muscle
: sprains, and knee and other joint injuries. They also perform joint replacements
: .肌肉骨骼治療
: Otolaryngology (ENT): A division of medical science that focuses on the ears
: , nose and throat (ENT). Otolaryngologists diagnose and treat disorders from
: the shoulders up, with the exception of the eyes and brain. Conditions they
: may deal with include hearing loss, tonsillitis and nasal obstructions.
: 耳鼻喉科
: Otology: An otologist is a specialist in the anatomy and structure of the
: ear, and how to treat diseases of the ear.耳科
: Pain Management: Physicians and other pain experts choose from an extensive
: series of diagnostic tests to precisely identify the source of a patient
: ’s pain. Treatment and management possibilities are wide ranging and include
: physical therapy, behavioral therapy, biofeedback and pain-relieving devices
: that are implanted under the skin.傷痛管理
: Pathology: The study of the nature and causes of disease. A pathologist examines
: body tissues to diagnose of diseases, and to determine the cause of various
: conditions, including death. There are several subspecialties in pathology
: , including chemical pathology, forensic pathology, hematology pathology
: and neuropathology.病理學
: Pediatrics: The field of medicine dedicated to the care of infants, children
: and teenagers. Doctors in this field are called pediatricians. They are
: often the first doctors children see, and they concentrate on preventing
: illness and treating children for a variety of conditions, including sore
: throats, earaches and infectious diseases.兒科
: Pediatric Specialties: Usually, a family physician or pediatrician will address
: the health problems of children. However, when there is a serious illness
: or injury, a child may need care from a pediatric specialist --a physician
: with advanced training and expertise in a particular area of medicine. Board
: -certified pediatric specialists provide medical services in areas ranging
: from cardiology and infectious diseases to neurology, orthopedics and surgery
: .兒科專家
: Perinatology: A branch of medicine dealing with medical and biological issues
: that affect the birth of a child. Perinatology combines obstetrics, gynecology
: and neonatology, and includes treatment of a fetus or a newborn and the
: mother.新生兒學
: Physiatry: A physiatrist is a physician who specializes in physical medicine
: , which is the curing of injuries and disease by natural methods. Measures
: that are used include physical therapy, massage, exercise, light and heat
: .理療師注意和Phusician區別
: Physical Rehabilitation: Physicians and therapists who specialize in physical
: rehabilitation help patients who’ve had a stroke or serious injury return
: to home, work or school. The goal of therapy is to restore lost function
: through hands-on treatment, exercise and patient education.運動功能恢復師
: Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery: The repair, restoration or reconstruction
: of different parts of the body. Plastic and reconstructive surgeons not
: only perform elective cosmetic surgery to improve appearance, they also repair
: and reconstruct the facial features and bodies of patients with conditions
: caused by burns, injuries, diseases and congenital deformities.義肢手術
: Podiatry: The study, prevention and treatment of problems of the foot. A
: podiatrist may prescribe corrective devices and medication, or recommend
: physical therapy. Podiatrists attend colleges of podiatric medicine and graduates
: are doctors of podiatric medicine (DPM). Podiatrits with advanced training
: also do various types of foot surgery.腳腿病醫師
: Prostate Care: Cancer or other conditions affecting the prostate may be treated
: by surgeons, cancer specialists and/or urologists using a wide range of
: therapies. Depending on the specific problem, a course of treatment can involve
: everything from surgery and medications to high-dose radiation.前列腺護理
: Psychiatry: The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional
: and behavioral disorders. Psychiatrists are physicians who prescribe appropriate
: medication and do therapy to treat of a variety of conditions, from depression
: to schizophrenia.心理咨詢師
: Psychology: Psychologists deal with mental processes --both normal and abnormal
: --and their effects upon human behavior. Psychologists typically have a
: doctorate degree, but are not medical doctors and do not prescribe medications
: .心理學
: Pulmonary Medicine: The field of medicine devoted to the study and treatment
: of diseases of the respiratory system. Pulmonary specialists --called pulmonologists
: --treat pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, cancer and other disorders
: of the lungs and respiratory system.肺病醫療respiratory呼吸系統
: Radiology: The use of radioactive equipment, including X-ray machines, to
: diagnose and treat diseases and injuries. Specialists in this field are
: called radiologists.放射治療 化療chemotherapy
: Rheumatology: The study and care of the joints and the muscular and skeletal
: systems. Rheumatologists treat a range of conditions, from athletic injuries
: to arthritis, lupus and rheumatic fever.風濕病學
: Sleep Disorders: The field of medicine devoted to the study and treatment
: of disruptions in sleeping patterns. Specialists in this field work with
: patients to overcome such conditions as insomnia, narcolepsy and sleep apnea
: .睡眠學 insomnia失眠 narcolepsy嗜睡 sleep apnea睡眠呼吸障礙
: Sports Medicine: The field of medicine devoted to athletic injuries. Doctors
: specializing in sports medicine help patients prevent and recover from a
: range of injuries -- from sprained knees and back strains to broken bones
: and torn ligaments --suffered while engaging in sports activities. Many
: sports medicine doctors also help design athletic training equipment and
: training methods.運動健康學
: Thoracic Surgery: The study and practice of surgery on the chest cavity and
: rib cage, including the heart, lungs and esophagus. Thoracic surgeons treat
: patients with lung cancer, coronary diseases, aneurysms and heart diseases
: .胸外科
: Transplant: Surgeons specializing in organ transplants take a multidisciplinary
: approach to surgery and follow-up care that addresses all of patient’s
: physical and psychological needs. Patients receive an extensive orientation
: prior to transplantation, which can involved the kidneys, liver, heart and
: other organs.器官移植
: Urology: The study and treatment of the male and female urinary tracts and
: the male genital tract. Urologists diagnose and treat disorders of the urinary
: tract, prostate and bladder.泌尿科bladder 膀胱
: Vascular Surgery: The focus is on surgical solutions to diseases of the body
: ’s blood vessels, including the heart and lymph systems. Vascular surgeons
: treat patients for lymphatic diseases, strokes, aneurysms, varicose veins
: and other conditions.循環系統手術vascular 血管的

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