#小孩感染武肺
#情況會係點？
#群體免疫可以靠年輕人？

圖一. 是剛剛在一份國際兒科期刊發佈的數據而來。數據來自中國18歲以下的小孩，包括了731個確診及1,412個疑似的個案。

與之前的說法近似，約有9成的小孩個案，病情屬於無病徵、輕微或中度。

但甚麼是中度的病情？

#有肺炎 #CT出現肺部病變

（原文：with pneumonia, frequent fever and cough, mostly dry cough, followed by productive cough , some may have wheezing, but no obvious hypoxemia such as shortness of breath, and lungs can hear sputum or dry snoring and / or wet snoring. Some cases may have no clinical signs and symptoms, but chest CT shows lung lesions, which are subclinical.）

咁剩下差不多10%的孩子個案的病情又嚴重成點？

嚴重（大約5%的個案）：
#出現呼吸困難 #氧飽和度低於92％ #伴有其他缺氧情況

（原文：Early respiratory symptoms such as fever and cough, may be accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. The disease usually progresses around 1 week, and dyspnea occurs, with central cyanosis. Oxygen saturation is less than 92%, with other hypoxia manifestations.）

危殆（大約1%的個案）：
#呼吸衰竭 #休克 #腦病變 #心肌損傷 #腎損傷 #有生命危險

（原文: Children can quickly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or respiratory failure, and may also have shock, encephalopathy, myocardial injury or heart failure, coagulation dysfunction, and acute kidney injury. Organ dysfunction can be life threatening.）

圖二. 來自約一個月前《新英倫醫學雜誌》期刊發佈的數據。

15歲以下的患者並沒有需要去ICU、用呼吸機或死亡的個案，但有1成患者屬於重症。留意這份文獻的數據只收集了9個15歲以下小孩的個案。

根據政府統計處的資料，再用以上嘅數據分析，香港有大約90萬15歲以下的孩子，7成受感染就會做成63萬人染病，5%即有3萬人會病情嚴重，1%亦即有6千人會有生命危險。

所謂群體免疫，就是犧牲部分人去完結這場疫情爆發。對於人類整體就係死咗啲人，好似natural selection咁。對於地球，甚至可以說得上是獲得了一個喘息的空間。但對於一個家庭或一個市民，這是一場賭博，下的注碼是健康，賠上的可能是性命，一個家庭的幸福。

#最重要是

1. 對新型冠狀病毒的免疫力可以維持多久，我們未知，萬一只是一年半載，咁點算？

2. 如果死咗幾萬，然後出現有效疫苗及有效藥物，咁犧牲了的性命是否值得？

3. 群體免疫顧名思義是需要一個群體一齊做的。極度安全的傳統疫苗都有anti-vaxxers嘅出現，導致上一年出現麻疹爆發。現在要用真·感染by真·病毒來發展群體免疫，真的是痴人說夢話吧！

References:

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/…/peds.2020-0702.ful…

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032

https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/sp150_tc.jsp…

這是我見過最好最實用的防疫文章！
請耐心看完並力行實踐！
保護自己，家人及他人！
James Robb, MD UC San Diego. 詹姆斯.蘿蔔，加州大學聖地亞哥分校醫學博士

Subject: What I am doing for the upcoming COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic
新冠疫情擴散下我的防備攻略

Dear Colleagues, as some of you may recall, when I was a professor of pathology at the University of California San Diego, I was one of the first molecular virologists in the world to work on coronaviruses (the 1970s). I was the first to demonstrate the number of genes the virus contained. Since then, I have kept up with the coronavirus field and its multiple clinical transfers into the human population (e.g., SARS, MERS), from different animal sources.
眾所周知，我是冠狀病毒的分子病毒專家，從70年代到現在一直在研究這些病毒。所以我是有發言權的。

The current projections for its expansion in the US are only probable, due to continued insufficient worldwide data, but it is most likely to be widespread in the US by mid to late March and April.
現在大規模在美國爆發還只是一個可能，現在還是數據不足。但是廣泛傳播要到三月底四月份。

Here is what I have done and the precautions that I take and will take. These are the same precautions I currently use during our influenza seasons, except for the mask and gloves.
我預防冠狀病毒的方法和防止流感一樣，只是增加口罩和手套。

1) NO HANDSHAKING! Use a fist bump, slight bow, elbow bump, etc.
不要和別人握手。用碰拳頭，小鞠躬，碰胳膊肘等代替。

2) Use ONLY your knuckle to touch light switches. elevator buttons, etc.. Lift the gasoline dispenser with a paper towel or use a disposable glove.
只用手指關節去開燈的開關和電梯按鈕。用紙或者戴手套加汽油。

3) Open doors with your closed fist or hip - do not grasp the handle with your hand, unless there is no other way to open the door. Especially important on bathroom and post office/commercial doors.
不要用手抓門把，特別是公共廁所，郵局，商業中心的門。用拳頭和屁股把門撞開。

4) Use disinfectant wipes at the stores when they are available, including wiping the handle and child seat in grocery carts.
如果店裡有抗菌濕巾提供，用它來擦所有碰到的把柄和兒童座。

5) Wash your hands with soap for 10-20 seconds and/or use a greater than 60% alcohol-based hand sanitizer whenever you return home from ANY activity that involves locations where other people have been.
每次從外面回家，至少用肥皂洗手20秒。

6) Keep a bottle of sanitizer available at each of your home's entrances. AND in your car for use after getting gas or touching other contaminated objects when you can't immediately wash your hands.
在家裡的門口和車里放一瓶消毒液。

7) If possible, cough or sneeze into a disposable tissue and discard. Use your elbow only if you have to. The clothing on your elbow will contain infectious virus that can be passed on for up to a week or more!
如果來得及，盡量打噴嚏擤鼻涕到紙巾上。如果來不及用胳膊肘捂了，要及時換衣服。

What I have stocked in preparation for the pandemic spread to the US:
在美國家裡，我囤積了一下物資：

1) Latex or nitrile latex disposable gloves for use when going shopping, using the gasoline pump, and all other outside activity when you come in contact with contaminated areas.
一次性橡皮手套，外出時備用。

Note: This virus is spread in large droplets by coughing and sneezing. This means that the air will not infect you! BUT all the surfaces where these droplets land are infectious for about a week on average - everything that is associated with infected people will be contaminated and potentially infectious.
注意，病毒靠咳嗽和打噴嚏產生的較大的水霧珠傳播的，不是因為空氣本身。所有的水霧珠會落在各種各樣的表面，在那裡呆一個星期之久。所有感染的人碰過的東西都有病毒。

The virus is on surfaces and you will not be infected unless your unprotected face is directly coughed or sneezed upon. This virus only has cell receptors for lung cells (it only infects your lungs) The only way for the virus to infect you is through your nose or mouth via your hands or an infected cough or sneeze onto or into your nose or mouth.
這個病毒只會感染你的肺，而進入的途徑就是你的口鼻。所以唯一被感染的機會是你的手帶到你的口鼻除非有人直接對著你的臉打噴嚏咳嗽。

2) Stock up now with disposable surgical masks and use them to prevent you from touching your nose and/or mouth (We touch our nose/mouth 90X/day without knowing it!). This is the only way this virus can infect you - it is lung-specific. The mask will not prevent the virus in a direct sneeze from getting into your nose or mouth - it is only to keep you from touching your nose or mouth.
在家裡儲存一些一次性醫用口罩。其實口罩並不是用來防止別人對你打噴嚏，而是阻止你的手老是去碰你的口鼻。你可能不知道，我們每天不知不覺會碰自己的口鼻90次以上。

3) Stock up now with hand sanitizers and latex/nitrile gloves (get the appropriate sizes for your family). The hand sanitizers must be alcohol-based and greater than 60% alcohol to be effective.
儲存一些洗手消毒液，最好是含有有60%以上酒精那種及買一些手套。

4) Stock up now with zinc lozenges. These lozenges have been proven to be effective in blocking coronavirus (and most other viruses) from multiplying in your throat and nasopharynx. Use as directed several times each day when you begin to feel ANY "cold-like" symptoms beginning. It is best to lie down and let the lozenge dissolve in the back of your throat and nasopharynx. Cold-Eeze lozenges is one brand available, but there are other brands available.
儲備大量的鋅錠劑。一般的藥店應該有很多選擇。其中一種叫Cold-Eeze lozenges。鋅錠劑被證實對冠狀病毒和其他病毒有一定防治作用。當你開始感到有感冒的感覺到時候，按照說明書每天服用數次。最好安靜的躺下來，讓鋅錠劑慢慢融化在喉嚨和鼻腔里。

I, as many others do, hope that this pandemic will be reasonably contained, BUT I personally do not think it will be. Humans have never seen this snake-associated virus before and have no internal defense against it. Tremendous worldwide efforts are being made to understand the molecular and clinical virology of this virus. Unbelievable molecular knowledge about the genomics, structure, and virulence of this virus has already been achieved. BUT, there will be NO drugs or vaccines available this year to protect us or limit the infection within us. Only symptomatic support is available.
和大家一樣，我希望冠狀病毒的疫情能夠得到控制。科學界已經學到很多關於這個病毒的東西。可是畢竟人類沒有見過這個病毒，也沒有建立對它的免疫力。我不認為一年內會有真正有效藥物和疫苗開發出來拯救人類或者控制病毒。目前只能減緩病狀。

I hope these personal thoughts will be helpful during this potentially catastrophic pandemic. You are welcome to share this email.
Good luck to all of us.
Jim

我希望我這樣個人的想法對你有所幫助。歡迎你和大家分享這份文章的內容。
祝我們好運！詹姆斯
James Robb, MD FCAP

中國武漢肺炎(2019-nCoV)全球確診人數達400多例（包含泰國、日本、韓國、越南、香港 、台灣、美國、澳門、新加坡、澳洲⋯），國內外專家初判新型冠狀病毒的傳染力不容小覷。
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🗞 俐媽新聞英文——武漢冠狀病毒篇🦠：
🦠 infection (n.) 感染
🦠 screen (v.) 篩檢，過濾
🦠 strain (n.) 病毒株
—> strain of coronavirus (ph.) 冠狀病毒株
🦠 coronavirus (n.) 冠狀病毒
🦠 coronal (a.) 冠狀的
🦠 outbreak (n.) [(+ of)] 爆發
e.g. the outbreak of SARS (SARS疫情的爆發)
🦠 exhibit (v.) 表示，顯出 [常接症狀]
e.g. She began exhibiting symptoms such as a fever or cough. （她開始表現出一些像是發燒或咳嗽的症狀。）
🦠 common cold (ph.) 普通感冒
c.f. enterovirus (n.) 腸病毒 [縮寫：EV]
c.f. gastroenteritis (n.) 腸胃炎 [縮寫：GE]
🦠 rapid test (ph.) 流感快速篩檢
🦠 infrared (n.) 紅外線 [物理學用語]
🦠 stoke (v.) 引發
—> stoke worries (ph.) 引發擔憂
🦠 bug (n.) 病菌 [口語用法]
🦠 respiratory (a.) 呼吸的
—> respire (v.) 呼吸
🦠 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome嚴重急性呼吸道系統症候群 [縮寫：SARS]
🦠 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome 中東呼吸道症候群 [縮寫：MERS]
🦠 assertion (n.) 斷言，主張
🦠 epidemic (n.) 時疫，流行病
🦠 plague (n.) 瘟疫，鼠疫
🦠 mutate (v.) 變種，突變
🦠 lethal (a.) = fatal 致命的
🦠 pathogenic (a.) 致病的，引起疾病的
🦠 remedy (n.) 療法，療程
🦠 lesion (n.) 器官損害 [醫學用語]
🦠 structural alteration (ph.) 結構性改變
🦠 complication (n.) 併發症
🦠 untamed (a.) 未被抑制的
🦠 pneumonia (n.) 肺炎 [pneumo-: lungs]
🦠 airborne (a.) 空氣傳播的
🦠 contagious (a.) 接觸傳染性的
🦠 human-to-human transmission (ph.) 人對人的傳染，傳播
🦠 quarantine (n.) 隔離；檢疫
—> quarantine zone (ph.) 隔離區；檢疫所
—> under quarantine (ph.) 隔離中
🦠 ration (n.) 配給
🦠 coach (n.) 長途公車，客運 [英式用法]
🦠 curb (v.) = control = restrain 控制，遏止
🦠 parasite (n.) 寄生蟲
🦠 fungi (n.) 真菌
🦠 bacteria (n.) 細菌
🦠 spore (n. Pl) 孢子
🦠 abnormality (n.) 異常；變態
🦠 contaminate (v.) 污染
🦠 incubation (n.) 潛伏期 [醫學用語]
🦠 pathogen (n.) 病原體
🦠 disinfect (v.) = fumigate = sterilize 消毒
🦠 cure (n.) 解藥
🦠 pandemic (n.) 流行病，流傳中的疫情
🦠 travel rush (ph.) 春運
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請大家務必出入公共場所要戴口罩、勤洗手、注意生活/熟食安全，旅遊史要確實通報，一起做好防疫措施。
以上感謝欒為同學整理提供🙏🏼
.
#俐媽英文教室 #俐媽新聞英文 #俐媽英文教室武漢肺炎篇 #俐媽新聞英文武漢肺炎篇 #俐媽英文教室藥物篇 #俐媽英文教室流感篇 #2019-nCoV #中國武漢肺炎 #中國武漢新型冠狀病毒