用心智圖學英文+抽獎活動
什麼是心智圖？這與英語學習有什麼關係？
What is mind mapping? What does it have to do with English learning?
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簡而言之，心智圖是以圖表的方式，視覺地呈現並組織資訊。在英語學習裡，它時常被用於幫助學生腦力激盪與主意間的連結。然而，心智圖也有助於學生學習詞彙，並連接片語及完整概念。例如，核心主題為經濟學 (economics)，那麼兩個主要的分支可以是政府政策 (government policy) 與市場經濟 (market economy)。在市場經濟 (market economy) 中，學生可以學到買與賣 (buying and selling)、供給與需求 (supply and demand)、消費者行為與消費 (consumer behavior and consumption)，以及其他相關片語。如此一來，學生可以迅速聯想與連結這些單字與概念。
如果他們聽到或讀到像供給與需求 (supply and demand)這樣的片語，他們自然會對消費 (consumption)、價格 (price)、替代品 (substitute goods) 等相關資訊有所準備。此一能力可增進閱讀與聽力的理解力，因為在讀到或聽到這些詞彙時，他們知道哪些資訊將會出現。當學生遇到新資訊，他們也會有先備知識與字彙作為基礎，幫助他們找到關聯並加以理解。
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在口說與寫作中，心智圖可以包含:
★句子的開頭 (sentence starters)
一般而言 (generally speaking)、在這種情況下(in this context)、更具體來說 (to be more specific)
★過渡片語 (transitional phrases)
另一個原因是 (another reason is that)、另一方面 (on the other hand)、誠然，無可否認 (admittedly）
★與主題有關的語塊 (theme-based lexical chunks)
牛市 (a bullish market)、持續的經濟增長 (sustained economic growth)、繁榮的經濟 (a thriving economy)
在有意義的主意塊架構下，單詞、片語、詞彙語法的這種連接，能使學生更精準且自動地進行口說與書寫。與其以獨立的單詞來組成句子，學生將得以使用固定的語塊（有意義且更完整的概念）。例如，學生可能想表達「台灣今年的經濟成長率修正為1.56％」。他們通常會將此一想法逐字翻譯，並翻出像是「Taiwan's economy grow will be fixed to 1.56% this year」的句子。當學生須先逐字翻譯單詞時，此一過程既費力又錯漏百出，即便能夠翻譯，他們也沒有時間在自然語言及限時寫作中，思索語法規則的細微差異。使用語塊可以減少這些問題。舉例來說，使用固定語塊作為句子的輸出，其樣貌可能如下：
Economics
Taiwan's GDP/economic growth (set chunk) this year is projected to reach (set chunk) 1.56 percent (data).
Taiwan's official statistics bureau (content words) has lowered its forecast (set chunk) for the country's economic growth (set chunk) to 1.56 percent this year (data).
Taiwan's government has revised its GDP growth forecast (set chunk) for 2020 to 1.56 percent (data).
Taiwan's economy, a key part of (set chunk) the global technology supply chain (content words), is expected to grow 1.56% this year (data).
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儘管如此，心智圖跟其他學習方式與工具一樣，並非沒有缺點。倘若學習者從未接觸這些，他們將完全無法憑一己之力想出單詞、片語及概念。當學生毫不了解基本的經濟學概念時，他們該如何使用心智圖來學習經濟學？此外，對於沒有詞彙基礎的初學者來說，心智圖可能涵蓋了過多的資訊。
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因此，本課程旨在以心智圖提供學生一個得以與其他方式及策略相結合的學習方法。新詞彙的出現將伴隨著學生所熟悉的資訊，以協助他們建立連結（例如：消費 consumption→新單字；購買商品 buy goods →舊單詞）。所有詞彙都使用主題式英語教學，同時也結合了其他方式，包括（但不限於）字根 (roots)、搭配詞 (collocation)、詞彙語法 (lexical grammar)以及學科內容知識(content knowledge)。此外，也將教授其他策略，來幫助學生成為自主學習者，他們可以在不同的情境中，思考並決定最好的學習方式。心智圖並非我們詞彙學習的萬靈丹。它是一項能夠幫助我們組織想法，並運用多種方式進行學習的工具。
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這裡有更多資訊供你參考：
「心智圖詞彙攻略」的目標是什麼？
https://bit.ly/2JPBnaq
【心智圖詞彙 101堂加長版】https://bit.ly/3oN3LbL
限時優惠優惠：12/1-12/21, 買課程折$799
優惠碼：eric799
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需要更多詞彙學習策略的同學請留言「I need vocabulary learning strategies.」
按讚和留言的同學也可以抽我的新書: 6步驟看懂英文文章, 可以搭配心智圖學習法加強自己的閱讀能力。我會在禮拜二晚(12/15)上8點前從留言中抽出三位幸運兒 !

【神話破滅？研究顯示椰子油使膽固醇上升】
今年初有一篇發表在心血管疾病頂尖期刊 Circulation 上的文章：The Effect of Coconut Oil Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors（攝取椰子油對心血管疾病危險因子的影響），最近又在 JAMA Network 上面被提出討論，剛好讓我看見了，而且文章不長，蔡醫師覺得很值得把重點翻譯出來給大家參考。

●與攝取其它植物油相比，攝取椰子油使得總膽固醇（Total choleterol）顯著上升 14.69 mg/dL，低密度脂蛋白膽固醇（LDL-C，俗稱壞的膽固醇）顯著上升 10.47 mg/dL。而且攝取椰子油的量愈多，上升的程度愈明顯。

●與攝取其它植物油相比，雖然攝取椰子油可以使得高密度脂蛋白膽固醇（HDL-C，俗稱好的膽固醇）顯著上升 4 mg/dL，但是 HDL-C 上升對於心血管疾病的好處並不明確。

●攝取椰子油與攝取其它植物油相比，沒有顯著差異的項目包括：三酸甘油脂（Triglyceride）、血糖、發炎指標（C-reactive protein，CRP）、體重、腰圍、體脂肪。

●與攝取棕櫚油（一種熱帶植物油）相比，攝取椰子油使得總膽固醇顯著上升 25.57 mg/dL，低密度脂蛋白膽固醇顯著上升 20.50 mg/dL，而三酸甘油脂無顯著差異。

●與攝取奶油相比，攝取椰子油使得低密度脂蛋白膽固醇顯著下降，且高密度脂蛋白膽固醇顯著上升。但是只有一篇研究有此結論，而且該實驗設計可能導致受試者的遵從性不佳。

●根據過往針對膽固醇的研究基礎，低密度脂蛋白膽固醇上升 10.47 mg/dL 可以推斷出重大心血管疾病的風險將增加 6%，而冠狀動脈疾病的風險將增加 5.4%

在 JAMA Network 上面的討論文章標題是 Coconut Oil’s Health Halo a Mirage, Clinical Trials Suggest（臨床研究顯示椰子油的健康光環只是幻景）。我的翻譯程度雖然是不怎麼樣啦，但研究結果倒是貨真價實地告訴我們椰子油對於心血管健康有不良影響。

對於我而言椰子油只是眾多烹調用油的其中之一，偶而吃到應該是無傷大雅。如果硬要宣稱椰子油有什麼減肥、甚至降低膽固醇之類的功效然後大吃特吃，恐怕心血管疾病只會離你更近而已。

https://mgleo07.blogspot.com/2020/04/blog-post_11.html?fbclid=IwAR1pZPULO0ovWPS18NqJBetHt07OBMDeT2VObl6UK22WNrRdiIi2nxRffmc

請傳給你認識的外國朋友

（繼續發酵！英文翻譯上線！幫手推！）🔥 有外媒相繼報道了關於袁國勇、龍振邦兩位教授疑似因壓力而撤回《明報》專欄文章一事，有手足更花了時間，把文章譯作英文。西方社會是需要知道真相的，請廣傳給在外國的朋友：

[On Mar 18 2020, Professor David Lung at the University of Hong Kong and his colleague Professor Yuen Kwok-yung, a world-renowned expert in microbiology and infectious diseases, withdrew their op-ed in the Chinese-language newspaper Ming Pao, in which they elucidated the origin and naming of the Wuhan Coronavirus, and criticized "inferior Chinese culture" for being the origin of the present pandemic. This led to allegations that the Chinese and Hong Kong governments are covering up the truth and suppressing academic freedom. Below is an English translation of this op-ed. Please spread the word and expose the truth!]

Outbreak in Wuhan shows that lessons from seventeen years ago are forgotten - David Lung and Yuen Kwok-yung, University of Hong Kong [translated from Chinese]

The novel coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan in Winter 2019, and engulfed the entire province of Hubei by Spring 2020; the number of cases in China grew to over 80,000, with at least 3,000 deaths. The outbreak in China slowed down only after a month-long lockdown, which has failed to curtail the spread of the disease overseas by March 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) was sluggish in response and failed to declare this a pandemic in a timely fashion. Shortage of relevant measures and protective gear around the world contributed to the global outbreak. Singapore, Hong Kong, Macau, and the Republic of China have so far been spared of the pandemic, though cases linked to overseas travel have yet to cease.

This pandemic is caused by a coronavirus, thus named because of its shape. From 2015 onwards, the WHO has ceased to name diseases using monikers for people, places, animals, food, culture, or occupations. As such, they labeled the disease using the year of the outbreak; thus the designation COVID-19. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) used viral genome sequencing as the sole criterion for the naming of viruses; because the similarity between the genetic sequences of the SARS coronavirus and the present novel coronavirus, which therefore is not truly "novel", the ICTV designated the novel coronavirus as "SARS-CoV-2.0". Media organizations and the public call this the Wuhan Coronavirus or the Wuhan Pneumonia; this is perfectly fine because of its simplicity.

There has been heated debate over the naming of the pandemic. As a matter of fact, the disease is named by the WHO and the virus is named by the ICTV; the common name is purely a customary matter and suffices to serves it purpose as long as it is simple and clear. The official names of COVID-19 for the disease, or SARS-CoV-2 for the virus, must be used in scientific and academic discourse. However, the simplicity of the popular designations "Wuhan Coronavirus" and "Wuhan Pneumonia" are far more conducive to daily communication and conversations in the media.

The 2020 pandemic originated in Wuhan

Roughly 75% of novel diseases can be traced to wild animals; the ancestral virus from which several mammalian coronaviruses descend can be traced to bats or birds, both of which can fly over a distance of several thousands of kilometers to the location of first discovery of the virus. As such, the nomenclature of viruses may utilize the name of the location of discovery. The most accurate and objective means to identify the origin of the virus is to isolate the virus from the animal host. However, the Huanan Seafood Market had been cleared, and live wild animals vacated, by the time researchers had arrived for live samples. Consequently, the identity of the natural and intermediate hosts of the coronavirus is unclear. According to local personnel, the wild games in the Huanan Seafood Market are shipped and smuggled from various locations in China, Southeast Asia, and Africa; it remains impossible to identify the ancestry of the Wuhan Coronavirus.

Viral genome sequencing shows a 96% similarity between the Wuhan Coronavirus and the viral strain RaTG13 found in bats, lending credence to the belief that the RaTG13 strain is the ancestral virus for the Wuhan Coronavirus. This viral strain can be isolated from the bat species Rhinolophus sinicus found in Yunnan, China; thus bats are believed to be the natural host to the Wuhan Coronavirus. Epidemiological studies show definitively that the Huanan Seafood Market was the amplification epicenter, where the transmission of the virus from the natural host to the intermediate host likely occurred, before a mutation to a form that can adapt to the human body, followed by human-to-human transmission.

The identity of the intermediate host remains unclear; viral genome sequencing, however, reveals a 90% similarity between the spike receptor-binding domain of the Wuhan Coronavirus and of the coronavirus strain found in pangolins. While uncertainties remain for us to unambiguously identify the pangolin as the intermediate host, it is extremely likely that the pangolin coronavirus strain donated the spike receptor-binding domain genetic sequence, or even the entire gene section, to the bat coronavirus strain, culminating in the novel coronavirus upon DNA shuffling.

Wild animal market: the origin of numerous viruses

The SARS outbreak in 2003 can be traced to Heyuan prior to engulfing Guangdong and ravaging Hong Kong. The SARS Coronavirus was found in the masked palm civet; China has subsequently outlawed the sales of live wild animals. Seventeen years later, wild animal markets have instead grown unabashed, in flagrant violation of the law. The Chinese people have forgotten the lessons of SARS in their entirety. The glaring appearance of live wild animal markets in city centers, and the egregious acts of selling, cooking, and eating these wild animals, constitute a stunning and blatant disregard for the laws. The feces of these wild animals carry large concentrations of bacteria and viruses; the crowded set-up, the poor hygiene, and the proximity of different animal species are extremely conducive to DNA shuffling and genetic mutations. As such, these markets need to be banned outright.

Remodeling of markets is key to the prevention of epidemics. The Chinese and Hong Kong governments must promptly improve the set-up of markets by enhancing ventilation and getting rid of rats and pests. Before the elimination of all live poultry markets becomes a reality, animal feces found in these markets must be handled properly to lower the chances of genetic shuffling between viruses.

Internet conspiracies of an U.S. origin of the virus is not supported by facts, and only serves to mislead the public. The dissemination of conspiracy theories needs to stop. Transparency is first and foremost in the fight against an epidemic; we need cool heads and rational analysis in place of hearsay and falsehood. The failure to close all live wild animal markets post-SARS was a colossal mistake; to win the battle over the pandemic, we must face reality, and not repeat the same mistakes while leaving the blame upon others. The Wuhan Coronavirus is a product of inferior Chinese culture -\-\ the culture of recklessly catching and eating wild animals, and treating animals inhumanely, with an utter disrespect and disregard of lives. This inferior culture of the Chinese people -\-\ specifically the consumption of wild animals to satiate themselves -\-\ is the true origin of the Wuhan Coronavirus. If these habits and attitudes remain in place, SARS 3.0 will certainly happen in a matter of a decade or so.

以上翻譯來自：
一個窮科學家移民美國的夢幻故事

外媒報道：
https://www.nytimes.com/…/19reuters-health-coronavirus-hong…

https://www.nasdaq.com/…/adviser-to-hong-kong-on-coronaviru…

#報復性旅遊 #報復性出遊 #網路調查
這兩天有不小心掃到新聞的人，應該都有看到這個[報復性旅遊][報復性出遊]這個名詞吧！今天我們將會一起在網路上搜尋，看看到底是誰最先使用這個名詞的，就是現在與我一起加入這個毫無意義的調查吧！

*並非一個結構嚴謹的調查，還請輕鬆觀看。

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來自sbtiagr的補充情報：
東森經濟新聞是東森電視旗下的頻道，已經在早期就賣給凱雷、輾轉賣給茂德。東森新聞雲則是原本東森相關集團創辦人王令麟擁有的公司，以網路媒體為主。兩間公司並不屬於同集團喔！
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來自Ciri 4K Gaming的補充情報：
沒辦法啦～不然retaliatory 這個字你要怎麼翻？
原本就有的詞是retaliatory tariff報復性關稅。
最近因為疫情開始使用的 retaliatory consumption 報復性消費，有人則認為應該稱為補償性消費compensatory consumption才適合。
我是覺得，如果同意報復性消費這說法成立，那報復性旅遊應該也算是報復性消費裡的一環。
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目前字幕是由機器翻譯生成，如果有人願意協助修改的話
https://bit.ly/2C9JH0c