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February 15, 2020
Wuhan Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Reignites Concerns over Food Safety
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Summary:
Foodborne illness outbreaks occur rather frequentl...
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February 15, 2020
Wuhan Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Reignites Concerns over Food Safety
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Summary:
Foodborne illness outbreaks occur rather frequently in this day and age. The recent Wuhan novel coronavirus outbreak has once again alerted us to the dangers posed by our broken food system, especially when it comes to meat production.
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Today, around the globe, meat, eggs, and dairy are mainly produced in factory farms. These establishments are notorious for confining animals in extremely crowded conditions. Not only are the animals severely restricted in their movement, but they are also given a wide range of animal drugs and inflicted with cruel physical alterations to reduce their chances of getting sick or injured.
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Heavy reliance on animal drugs, however, can create food safety threats from resistant bacteria and drug residues, greatly increasing the risk of widespread foodborne illness outbreaks. In the past few years, a number of devastating E. coli outbreaks have been attributed to manure runoff from factory farms.
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In the long term, for the sake of public health and animal welfare, we must crack down on factory farming and replace it with a sustainable and humane system. How can individuals help to achieve this goal? Simple! Eat as little meat as possible. Remember that every bite you take is a vote.
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Language Enhancement:
crack down (ph.) (取締)
crack down 是短語動詞,即是「取締」或「制裁」的意思,是十分强烈的字眼,後接介詞 on。它的名詞版本是 crackdown「鎮壓」。
e.g. The ICAC was established in 1974 to crack down on corruption.
e.g. The school is having a crackdown on cheating. —————————————————
想每日睇新聞🗞,學英文📚🔠?
快啲 follow @k.e.n.joy 及 bookmark
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#english #news #englishinnews #newsoftheday #language #enhancement #dse #kennethlau #kenjoy #英文 #時事英文熱點 #2022dse #2020dse #2021dse #dsefighter #dseenglish #dse2020 #dsefighter #2021dsefighter #2020dsefighter
#dseeng #hkdse #hkdseenglish #20200215
concerns意思 在 Facebook 的最佳解答
Back to One album track 7 - One
Wordplay in Chinese: one and two. I laid out the sequence of the ride of romance with fragments of stories, moment after moment, but I think u can shuffle them and tell your own version if you wish. String quartet, piano, heartache, inspiration from the love poems of Dalai Lama II, here’s the ash of my love stories.
One
(Chet Lam)
Love at first sight
One heart skips a beat
One casual encounter
One night talking heart to heart
One moment of connection
One new episode
One is tired, looking to rejuvenate
One is curious, looking for excitement
Two bodies
One shadow
One way street
One naked heart
One cannot stop searching
One beloved face
One full moon
A lifetime of longing
One is counting on the strength of love
One is afraid of the power of distance
One happiness concerns two
One keeps going
Feeling time
One keeps thinking
Love deepened
I will remember how your tears nourished my eyes
One falls asleep
Two meet in dreams
One promise held by only one
What’s the point
One decision
One plane ticket
One moment of heartache
One calls it quit
One doesn’t want to let go
One love cannot survive two worlds
One keeps going
Doing time
One keeps thinking
Feelings fade away
You will remember how my tears nourished your eyes
Two fall asleep
One leaves
One keeps going
Feeling time
One keeps thinking
Love deepened
I will remember how your years nourished my eyes
One falls sleep
Two meet in dreams
Love at first sight
Two become strangers
One lifetime flashed away
———————————
《思源》專輯第七首:一
多年前唯一一次跟謝安琪錄音室的合作,她的聰明與感性永遠恰到好處,她的版本是心痛的證據,多年之後我自己重新演繹,在曲詞裡發現了不同的層次。這首創作的誕生,是因為我讀到了達賴喇嘛二世的詩:一見如故,再見陌路。弦樂、鋼琴、一和二的文字遊戲,給我四分鐘,不枉過去的每一次心動。
一
(曲詞:林一峰)
一見如故 一個心跳 偶然的相遇
一夜傾訴 一陣悸動 一段新插曲
誰人累了停歇一陣子
誰人好奇一直在尋覓
兩個身體映成一個影子
一路走來 一顆真心 追求沒停止
一張臉孔 一輪明月 一輩子心事
誰人憧憬感情的毅力
誰人害怕距離的威力
一種幸福卻是兩個人的事
走着走着走着走着感受着時間
想着想着想着想着思念深一點
我會記得你的淚
曾經濕了我的眼
一個人入睡 兩人夢裏見
一個承諾 一人堅守 有什麼意思
一個決心 一張機票 心痛一陣子
誰人狠下心到此為止
誰人不甘心只能到此
一段感情經不起兩種相思
走着走着走着走着承受着時間
想着想着想着想着感受少一點
你還記得我的淚
曾經濕了你的眼
兩個人入睡 一個人走遠
走着走着走着走着感受着時間
想着想着想着想着體會深一點
我會記得你的淚
曾經濕了我的眼
一個人入睡 兩人夢裏見
一見如故 再見陌路
一生一瞬間
#思源 #一 #達賴喇嘛 #謝安琪
link here: https://instabio.cc/BackToOne
concerns意思 在 媽媽監督核電廠聯盟 Facebook 的最讚貼文
輻射傷害的防護基本理念: ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable),受曝劑量越低越好的合理抑低原則。
在輻射傷害防護的範疇內,總的來說,LNT(Linear-Non-Threshold)模式對於高劑量、高強度的輻射暴露的情況相對來說,更加的適用。在一般日常生活的狀態來說,避免輻射傷害,普遍採取 ALARA( As Low As Reasonably Achievable),也就是越低越好的合理抑低原則,這是人類關於游離輻射防護的基本理念。
ALARA( As Low As Reasonably Achievable; 越低越好的合理抑低 )原則也是美國能源部國家核子保安總署(DOE/NNSA)輻射 緊急事件支援及訓練中心(REAC/TS)出版之「The Medical Aspects of Radiation Incidents (台灣翻譯為:輻射傷害醫療處置)」手冊內容中所提及的輻射防護基本理念。
“ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) is the underlying philosophy associated with protecting people from ionizing radiation.
It basically means that one should not unnecessarily expose themselves to radiation without the benefit outweighing the risk.
Time, distance, andshielding are widely considered to be the primary
concerns. At REAC/TS, we like to add a fourth item to the list - quantity. All four of these concepts are used concurrently with the others. "
其基本意涵是 : 一個人應該避免不必要且無利益的輻射 曝露風險(這裡指的是非醫療性質的輻射暴露。任何輻射暴露都會造成傷害,但在治療重大疾病的時候,兩害相權取其輕,接受有限度且嚴格控管的輻射照射將體內惡性病變組織破壞,阻止其增生、擴散惡化的潛在利益大於輻射照射所引起的傷害的醫療應用案例,不屬於這裡所指的“不必要且無利益的輻射曝露風險”的範疇)。
此外,有報導指出:“...... 在日本的實際研究案例中,「餵飲氘水佔1/3的水,經過1個禮拜,老鼠腦部組織裡的氫被替換掉,老鼠變得眼睛上吊,有攻擊性,一直囓咬鐵籠的鐵網,反覆地昏睡或暴躁。」東京工業大學理工特任教授入口紀男(Norio Iriguchi),透過老鼠實驗,提醒福島氚污染水的危害。
入口紀男教授是日本核磁共振學會委員,透過上述實驗鼠的核磁共振影像,解說老鼠腦部組織內的氫被氘替換之後,所發生的變化。「左邊有點突出的是嗅腦(嗅覺發達中樞),右下突起的部份是延髓開端。目前只有腦部明顯地浮腫了。」
福島核災後,產生大量輻射污染水,其中氚因為無法用過濾去除,又稱為氚污染水。多位專家警告,氚污染水的危害,不只是體內輻射被曝,還有在體內被當成氫嵌入到蛋白質等組織的問題。而入口紀男(用有同樣效果的氘做)的實驗,具體呈現後者的狀況。
「氚在體內被當成氫嵌入」是什麼意思呢?擁有近40年的放射線治療經驗、北海道癌症中心名譽院長西尾正道詳細解釋道:「氚在人體內會被當成氫來代謝。人體有62%是水(H2O),氚會被當成氫來結合,在種種構成人體的高分子化合物的化學式裡也一樣。」
「氚因為有這樣和物質相結合的性質,在體內造成長期被曝。用醫學實驗,可以證明氚會被當成氫攝入到細胞核內。構成DNA的基因的4個鹽基,是靠氫來結合,換成氚進去的話(失去結合力),鹽基化學式產生變化,遺傳情報也會改變。導致健康上的實際損害。」而當被攝入的氚衰變成氦時,也會損傷細胞( http://www.inaco.co.jp/hiroshima_2_demo/pdf/20140103_tori_A4.pdf )。
對此,西尾正道等專家批判:「不能說自然界本來就有而不考慮,原本自然界裡氚的最大來源就是核試爆跟核電,排放標準也是為了沸水式原子爐把氚排到海裡而制定的,並不是因為有在科學上醫學上檢討健康被害而決定的。」「因為距離極近,即便氚的放射線弱,仍會相當程度地傷害DNA。」
又,氚水的化學式是HTO,因為氚很容易和生物體內的碳結合,成為有機結合型氚(Organically Bound Tritium、簡稱為OBT),跟氚水相比,後者滯留體內時間為20~50倍,被染色體等人體重要部份攝取。「氚水被放流後,經生物攝取變成有機結合型氚,人類去吃這些生物,便會蓄積在體內。」在核食檢測上,有機結合型氚的檢測程序,又比普通的氚來得複雜。
氚,被日本諾貝爾物理學獎得主小柴昌俊,與馬克斯威爾獎(美國物理學會頒發)得主長谷川晃,稱之為劇毒。
福島核電廠在災後,因為會不斷放出有放射性的蒸氣等污染,入口紀男比喻為「國土百萬年的惡夢」。而這惡夢除了往大氣的污染,還因為地下水流經,每天產生3-400噸的輻射污染水。
在日本政府規劃的輻射污染水處理方案裡,海放是成本最低的方法,比起地下埋設等耗資千億日圓以上的方法,海放只要17~34億日圓。另一方面民間、在地漁業團體與鄰國,持強烈反對的立場。....."
也有多項相關的醫學研究報告指出:
A 1961 experiment showed that mice dosed with 21.5 μCi/g of Cs-137 had a 50% fatality within 30 days (implying an LD50 of 245 μg/kg).
A similar experiment in 1972 showed that when dogs are subjected to a whole body burden of 3800 μCi/kg (140 MBq/kg, or approximately 44 μg/kg) of caesium-137 (and 950 to 1400 rads), they die within 33 days, while animals with half of that burden all survived for a year.
Important researches have shown a remarkable concentration of 137Cs in the exocrine cells of the pancreas, which are those most affected by cancer.
In 2003, in autopsies performed on 6 children dead in the polluted area near Chernobyl where they also reported a higher incidence of pancreatic tumors, Bandazhevsky found a concentration of 137Cs 40-45 times higher than in their liver, thus demonstrating that pancreatic tissue is a strong accumulator and secretor in the intestine of radioactive cesium.
一項重要的醫學研究發現,人體胰腺外分泌細胞中所聚積的137Cs濃度非常高,而胰腺外分泌細胞是受癌症影響最大的人體細胞。
在2003年由Bandazhevsky研究團隊,對六名生活在靠近車諾比核災污染區附近的兒童的屍體進行醫學檢驗解剖。
解剖研究發現這六名兒童患胰臟惡性腫瘤的比率,比一般正常狀態下來的更高,經檢驗,研究團隊發現這六名兒童胰臟中所含的Cs-137濃度,竟然是肝臟中所含Cs-137濃度的40-45倍之多。研究證實在人體內Cs-137最容易聚積在胰臟內。
胰臟癌是指胰臟細胞發生癌變而產生的腫瘤,這些腫瘤細胞具有侵犯其他組織的能力。胰臟癌很少發生在40歲以下的病人,半數以上的患者超過70歲。
此外,1961年的一項實驗發現對老鼠注射21.5 μCi/g 濃度的Cs-137,在30天之內有一半的受試老鼠死亡,這項實驗的結果等同於半至死劑量為0.000245公克(也就是百萬分之245公克),所謂半至死劑量指的是指在固定濃度下,暴露一定時間(通常1~4 小時)後,觀察14 天, 能使試驗動物組群半數(50 %)死亡的濃度。
在1972 年有另外一項類似的實驗, 對受試驗的狗群注射3800 μCi/kg (140 MBq/kg, or approximately 44 μg/kg,大約百萬分之44公克濃度)Cs-137,這群受試的狗在33天內全數死亡,而另一群接受一半劑量的受試狗群,則可以存活到為期一年。
從上述的那些實際醫學研究例證,包括了比較適用於LNT模式的狀態,以及一般日常生活環境下遭遇到低劑量但是長期輻射暴露累積下來的狀態。ALARA( As Low As Reasonably Achievable; 合理抑低 )原則在兩種狀態下通通一體適用。
參考資料:
https://orise.orau.gov/resources/reacts/documents/medical-aspects-of-radiation-incidents.pdf
http://www.inaco.co.jp/hiroshima_2_demo/pdf/20140103_tori_A4.pdf
https://e-info.org.tw/node/221554
^Moskalev, Yu. I. (1961). "Biological Effects of Cesium-137". In Lebedinskiĭ, A. V.; Moskalev, Yu. I. (eds.). Distribution, Biological Effects, and Migration of Radioactive Isotopes. Translation Series. United States Atomic Energy Commission (published April 1974). p. 220. AEC-tr-7512.
^ H.C. Redman; et al. (1972). "Toxicity of 137-CsCl in the Beagle. Early Biological Effects". Radiation Research. 50 (3): 629–648. Bibcode:1972RadR...50..629R. doi:10.2307/3573559. JSTOR 3573559. PMID 5030090.
^ Nelson A , Ullberg S, Kristoffersson H, Ronnback C (1961). "Distribution of Radiocesium in Mice". Acta Radiologica. 55, 5 (5): 374–384.
doi:10.3109/00016926109175132. PMID 13728254.
^ Bandazhevsky Y.I. (2003). "Chronic Cs-137 incorporation in children's organs". Swiss Med. Wkly. 133 (35–36): 488–90. PMID 14652805.
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concerns意思 在 貓的成長美股異想世界 Facebook 的最佳解答
🌻目前市場上的七個需要注意的風險
After trimming (稍微獲利了結) charitable holdings (持股), Cramer reveals 7 stock market concerns going into earnings
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/13/jim-cramer-reveals-7-stock-market-concerns-going-into-earnings-season.html
🌻好用資訊: The Transcript ("transcript"在這邊是指財報文字檔的意思)
若有讀者想藉由財報, 快速了解美國的經濟與產業狀況, 我很推薦這個網站(原文). 他們有做整理剛發表財報公司所提到的一些重點. 可以訂閱他們的電子報.
https://www.theweeklytranscript.com/blog/
🌻下面是剛上市公司Coinbase(COIN)的一些資訊. 有興趣的讀者可參考.
1. 非常好的管理層
2. scarcity value(稀有性)
3. 領先的平台(leading platform), 一直在取得市占
4. 這家公司沒有lock-up
風險
1. 股價波動會很大(can be insanely volatile)
2. 未來可能有競爭對手
可以買的價格? 不要超過$475
資訊來源:
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/13/cramer-calls-coinbase-the-real-deal-warns-of-bumpy-ride-with-stock.html
一文看懂Coinbase的商業模式與估值
https://news.futunn.com/hk/post/9297356?src=6&skintype=0&seo_redirect=1&report_type=stock&report_id=17394867&level=1&data_ticket=c6b73ac41fc9a3832cd7155a0c9a596b