#Hi家教單字輕鬆學

complex / complicated
都很「複雜」，有什麼不一樣？

complex (V.)(形)事情狀態原本就很複雜
The structure of this protein is particularly complex.
這種蛋白質的結構異常地複雜。

complicated (形)人為因素使之變得複雜
動詞👉complicate
They noted the problem about the complicated procedure for expanding international schools.
他們注意到擴建國際學校的複雜程序是個問題。
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［教育時評］ 如何發展批判性思考?
　
We now know that critical thinking is needed to solve complex problems and that it can be defined as a set of skills, but how exactly do we develop it?
　
現在，我們知道解決困難的問題時需要批判性思考，而亦可將之視為一套技能，但我們該如何發展它呢？

來拿我們的【新聞英文+批判性思考: Marketing & Influencers 補充包】https://bit.ly/2YJPZvb　
　
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One way is to use Bloom's taxonomy when learning something new. After you remember the information, see if you can move up the pyramid by using the key verbs listed in each step to facilitate discussion and higher-order thinking.
　
One does not need to carry out each of these steps in order (e.g., apply before analyze). However, learners typically need to "understand" information before they can "analyze" and "evaluate" it.
　
Bloom's taxonomy can be used individually or with teachers and peers. Use it when acquiring information or thinking about a complex issue.
　
當你在接收資訊時，布魯姆的分類法（Bloom's taxonomy）或許是其中一種可用之法。布魯姆分類法是美國教育心理學家班傑明・布魯姆（Benjamin Bloom）於１９５６年在芝加哥大學所提出的分類法，將教育者的教學目標分類，以便更有效地達成各項目標。在你記住所接收的資訊後，請檢視自己是否可以用下方金字塔中所列出的關鍵動詞來逐步遞進。
　
無需按順序執行這些步驟（例如分析可以在應用之前），只是人們通常需要先記住與理解資訊，然後才能對資訊進行分析與評估。布魯姆的分類法可單獨使用，也可以與老師及同儕一起使用。在學習或思考議題時請善用它。
　
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Can you use this taxonomy in English learning? Can you think critically when learning English?
　
你可以在英語學習中使用這個分類法嗎？學習英文時你能批判性思考嗎？
　
Yes, you can! Language is a tool for us to decode text, symbols, and sounds and find meaning. It enables us to receive and give information, or in short, to communicate. Once we receive information, we can take the next step and begin thinking critically. Doing so will enhance our understanding of new information and help us to decide what action to take.
　
當然可以！語言是我們解碼文本、符號與聲音並且找尋意義的工具。它使我們能夠接收並提供資訊，或者簡單來說就是得以與人交流。當我們藉由語言獲得資訊後，下一步便是批判性思考。批判性思考可增進我們對資訊的理解並幫助我們根據該訊息採取行動。
　
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Many beginning English learners think it is impossible to think critically when learning because they only understand a few words. However, a learner can use critical thinking even when learning the most basic words!
　
許多英語初學者認為，批判性思考與英語學習不可能並行，因為他們只會幾個單詞。然而，即便是學習最基礎的語言也可以引入批判性思考。
　
First, teachers can use the students' first language to help them understand higher-level concepts and facilitate thinking. Second, learners can break down the complex process of critical thinking into simple steps by using Bloom's taxonomy.
　
首先，老師可用學生的母語，來協助他們建立層次較高的概念並促進思考。接著，老師可使用布魯姆的分類法來拆解批判性思考的複雜過程。
　
例如，我們今天學了蘋果（apple）和橘子（orange）這兩個單詞：
　
在記住知識（remember）的階段，老師可以問：水果的顏色、形狀，甚至是哪一個比較大？
　
在理解（understand）的階段，老師可以問：哪一個的維他命Ｃ比較多？哪一個切開後的色澤較易改變？
　
在應用（apply）時，可以問該用什麼東西去除它們的果皮？看到蘋果有個洞時是否該吃它？
　
在分析（analyze）時，我們可以比較這兩個水果分別提供了哪些營養？
　
在評鑑（evaluate）時，則會問哪一個水果對我們比較好？為什麼這一個比較貴，另一個卻比較便宜？
　
最後，在創造（create）階段的我們可想像可以如何創造一個由蘋果跟橘子融合起來的水果。它會長成什麼樣子？在此可以去想像，去發揮、去創造。
　
如你所見，每當你接收任何資訊，甚至是基礎語言學習，都可以鍛鍊批判性思考。
　
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As you can see, you can develop critical thinking every time you acquire new information, even when learning a second language. Now you know what critical thinking is, how it can help you, and how you can develop it!
　
After all that, I am still not going to give you a simple definition of critical thinking. If I were to do so, then I would not be helping you to think critically.
　
You're welcome to leave your own definition below.
　
現在，你已瞭解何謂批判性思考、它如何幫助我們以及該如何發展它。但即便如此，我仍不會給出一個簡單的定義。若然，反倒會阻礙你進行批判性思考。
　
歡迎大家在下方留言與我們分享你的定義。

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參考文獻
　
Athanassiou, N., McNett, J. M., & Harvey, C. (2003). Critical thinking in the management classroom: Bloom's taxonomy as a learning tool. Journal of Management Education, 27(5), 533-555.
　
Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight assessment, 2007(1), 1-23.
　
McPeck, J. E. (2016). Critical thinking and education. Routledge.
　
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Bonus question: What is the biggest difference between the steps "apply" and "create"?
　
Hint: You can find the answer in the picture.

林作x全職獵人久保Cover Letter Carving範例

以下範例可以作為各位寫Cover Letter的參考。

Fillture Career Coaching的客戶裏面，有工作年資尚淺的，也有工作年資超過20年的。他們也是來自於各行各業。目前來說，沒有哪一行或哪一個輩份的最多。我們不認為有最好的格式 － 每個人都會根據年齡、資歷、行業以及個人特點而有所不同。共同點，就只是幾樣：最好的英文，最清晰的表達，最真摯的情感，以及最有自我和自信的一面。下面這個Cover Letter例子，屬於我們頗為正常的一份。裡面一切的個人資訊已經被編輯，但屬於一個真實案例，客戶是來自於金融業年資少於10年的年輕人，他希望能夠到一個更大的平台，從事他這幾年來專門負責的工作，於是找了我們幫忙：

Dear Sir/ Madam,

With nearing X years of successful experience in the wealth management industry, I am firmly in the belief that the time is ripe for me to move on to what is considered one of the largest XXX in Hong Kong. I am confident that I possess the qualities necessary to thrive at such an outstanding company and in particular, become a valuable prospect as investment analyst in the Investment Department.

My investment journey as an analyst at fund distribution platforms, hedged funds and wealth management companies have honed my Top-down and Bottom-up approach as well as having personal investment conviction. Indeed, I believe the latter strength is the key to my achievement thus far – I take pride in being independent-minded, which is becoming increasingly important in this ever-expanding complex financial market. The valuable experience at XXX helped me to develop my personal market belief through mutual funds training and provided me a hands-on training in Bloomberg Terminal ( BBG).

From there, notwithstanding a tempting offer from XXX, my intention to move on to bigger and better things in mutual funds and hedge funds led me to secure a precious experience at XXX as XXX, which has provided me a perspective in practical option-trading strategies and the operational side of running a hedged fund. Throughout my time at the company, various stocks were identified and individuals’ fair value via Discount Cashflow model ( DCF ) were calculated. I provided constant economic updates to the Portfolio manager. My particularly proud achievement was to have successfully predicted that XXX would plummet significantly, a full week before it actually happened when no one in Hong Kong saw the same. This is due to my wide-than-usual horizon in terms of the information platforms I would survey. I am uniquely adept at looking into mainstream and niche mainland financial websites and other channels for the most updated information as well as gossips. This is the source of my being able to often come up with contrarian views. On the operation side of XXX, I was also responsible for calculating daily NAV to the portfolio manager.

Lastly, in my current job, being part of the investment team, my duty is to oversee the company’s XXX and set up investment outlook to our XXX. Timely reports and Top-down analysis on various economies were produced to the investment team committee and sales. Last year, I was honoured to play a notable role in securing a XXX return for the portfolio, beating the Hang Seng Index by XXX, and was rewarded to speak as the company’s sole representative on behalf of the research team at XXX 2019, which I greatly enjoyed. Finally, I personally boosted the client base by XXX, a rate well above average in the space of X months.

I look forward to having further discussions with you in an interview. Please contact me at xxx@gmail.com or at +852xxxxxxxx if you have any further enquiries about my academic background and work experience. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Yours faithfully,
XXX

這份 Cover Letter 的厲害之處在於幾個地方：

1. 英語的掌握能力，明顯比一般只是文法沒錯（而我們收到的初稿絕大部份甚至不會能夠做到這點）要好很多，於是句子的組織、節奏感都更像是一個native speaker。而風格上並不是死板的官方英文，有在一些位置故意地更談話feel一點，務求不虛情假意，更真摯。
2. 一些動詞和形容詞的選擇，也是讓這份看起來更加讓人印象深刻。即使內容不是很特別，給人的感受都變得更主動、更自信。
3. 要分享工作經驗，但細節留給CV。這裏是炫耀自己有多少功績的地方，要故事性地展現一些獨有的成就，無論是多大多小，給人感覺你是有自己的位置的。
4. 最後，要做一個有Edge的人。這封信有著強烈的個人定位，明顯有血有肉，知道自己的想法是什麼、態度是什麼。

我們認為，一份好的Cover Letter可以令到HR更加快過濾你，讀完之後可以理解你是一個什麼樣的求職者。甚至在腦海入面已經勾劃出你的影像、你的故事、你的目的。一份好的Cover Letter能夠立體地勾劃你，可以令到HR更加容易去和Line Manager描述、推薦你。

歡迎PM查詢此項服務，我們提供預約見面（Bespoke)，面對面溝通了解，從而雕塑出最好的你。