為什麼這篇ate字尾化學鄉民發文收入到精華區:因為在ate字尾化學這個討論話題中,有許多相關的文章在討論,這篇最有參考價值!作者j780719 (小善子)看板NUK_EE100A標題[分享] 普化命名規則&作業時間M...
cation(陽離子)
1.與元素(element)一樣
ex:H+ hydrogen
Li+ lithium
Na+ sodium
2.正價(charge)不一樣(↑為前面數字在上面;↓為前面數字在下面)
高價+ic
低價+ous
Systematic Name Alternative name
Fe3+ iron(Ⅲ) ferric
Fe2+ iron(Ⅱ) ferrous
Cu2+ copper(Ⅱ) cupric
Cu+ copper(Ⅰ) cuprous
Hg2+ mercury(Ⅱ) mercuric
Hg2↓2+↑ mercury(Ⅰ) mercurous
anion(陰離子)
字尾改ide
ex: H- hydride
F- fluoride
S2- sulfide
P3- phosphide
化合物命名
ex:
1.Compound Name
NaCl sodium chloride
CaS calcium sulfide
CsBr cesium bromide
2.用Systematic Name即可
CoBr2 cobalt(Ⅱ)bromide
CrCl3 chromium(Ⅲ)chloride
PbO2 lead(Ⅳ)oxcide
根
1.獨立
NH3 ammonia ; NH4+ ammonium
OH- hydroxide
CN- cyanide
C2H3O2↓-↑ acetate
2.per- ↑ More O -ate
-ate ∣
-ite ∣
hypo- ∣ Less O -ite
※通常以-ate命名起
ex:SO4↓2-↑ sulfate
SO3↓2-↑ sulfite
若氧化價位有四種,才從per-x(看元素)-ate開始
ex:ClO4↓-↑ perchlorate
ClO3↓-↑ chlorate
ClO2↓-↑ chlorite
ClO↓-↑ hypochlorite
NO3↓-↑ nitrate
NO2↓-↑ nitrite
HPO4↓2-↑ hydrogen phosphate
H2PO4↓-↑ dihydrogen phosphate
HCO3↓-↑ hydrogen carbonate
MnO4↓-↑ permanganate
Cr2O7↓2-↑dichromate
CrO4↓2-↑ chromate
O2↓2-↑ peroxcide
數量的化學命名※必背
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
ex: Systematic Name Common Name
N2O dinitrogen monoxide nitrous oxide
NO nitrogen monoxide nitric oxide
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
ex:KH2PO4 potassium dihydrogen phosphate
酸(acid)
1.HF hydrofluoric acid
HCl hydrochloric acid
HCN hydrocyanic acid
2.正價(charge)不一樣
高價+ic
低價+ous
ex:HNO3 nitric acid
HNO2 nitrous acid
HC2H3O2 acetic acid
※ HClO4 perchloric acid
HClO3 chloric acid
HClO2 chlorous acid
HClO hypochlorous acid
作業(有問題跟我說,我不確定,僅供參考)
46.a.sodium perchlorate
b.magnesium phosphate
c.aluminum sulfate
d.sulfur difluoride
e.sulfur hexafluoride
f.sodium hydrogen phosphate
g.sodium dihydrogen phosphate
h.lithium nitride
i.sodium hydroxide
j.magnesium hydroxide
k.aluminum hydroxide
l.silver chromate
48.a.acetic acid
b.ammonium nitrite
c.cobalt(Ⅲ)sulfide
d.iodine chloride
e.lead(Ⅱ)phosphate
f.potassium iodate
g.sulfuric acid
h.strontium nitride
i.aluminum sulfite
j.tin(Ⅳ)oxide
k.sodium chromate
l.hypochlorous acid
50.a.Na2O
b.Na2O2
c.KCN
d.Cu(NO3)2
e.SiCl4
f.PbO
g.PbO2
h.CuCl
i.Ga3As2
j.CdSe
k.ZnS
l.Hg2Cl2
m.HNO2
n.P2O5
52.a.iron(Ⅲ)chloride
b.nitrogen dioxide
c.calcium oxide
d.aluminum sulfide
e.magnesium acetate
f.iron(Ⅲ)phosphate
g.diphosphorus pentasulfide
h.sodium peroxide
i.nitric acid
j.hydrogen sulfide
老師說要手寫!別忘了喔~大家一起加油吧!
順便附上連結,有需要的載
CH1:http://chem.nuk.edu.tw/chem/Handout/Download.aspx?ID=1269
CH2 :http://chem.nuk.edu.tw/chem/Handout/Download.aspx?ID=1278
英文元素週期表:http://www.badongo.com/file/17629439
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