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#文末挑戰多益選擇題📝
交朋友的藝術是科學？
開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知
來讀華爾街日報獨家

👋The Surprising Science Behind Friendship
友誼背後出人意料的科學
👏At its simplest, it’s just how critical quality social bonds and friendships are. In animals, the big measures that evolutionary biologists study are reproductive success, which they count as either how many babies you have or how long those babies live, and longevity, or how long you survive. Nonhuman primates have very structured hierarchies that they exist in, and everyone assumed that that must have more importance for how long you live and how many babies you have and how healthy they are. And it wasn’t. The most important thing was the strength of the social bonds, how positively and well and regularly an individual animal interacted with other animals. Scientists really couldn’t believe it.
簡單來說，有品質的社會關係以及友誼非常重要。在動物界，演化科學家研究的主要指標包括繁殖成功率，即某隻動物的後代數量或幼獸存活時間；以及壽命，即動物自身的生存時間。非人類靈長類動物在森嚴的等級制度內生存，人們以為這種等級制度對動物的壽命長短、幼獸數量以及健康狀況影響更為重大。然而，事實並非如此，社會連結的強度，以及個體與族群中其他成員積極、良好及有規律的互動才是影響個體生存最重要的因素。科學家對這一發現感到十分震驚。

-longevity: 壽命
-hierarchy: 階級
-assume: 假設

💪Friendship literally improves your body’s cardiovascular functioning, how your immune system works, how you sleep. You can imagine the food you put in your body makes you healthy or not. But sitting in a coffee shop with someone and just chatting about what’s going on with your life, we always thought emotionally that made you feel good. But actually it really is doing much more.
就像攝入的食物決定我們是否身體健康一樣，友誼能改善我們的心血管功能、增強免疫力、提高睡眠質量。與好友相約，喝喝咖啡、聊聊自己的近況，我們總認為這些活動僅能起到放鬆心情的作用。但實際上，其作用遠不止於此。

-cardiovascular: 心血管相關的（cardio：心臟的）
-put in: 放置；放入（在文章脈絡中是攝取的意思）
-

🎤There’s this interesting chemistry to friendship. Just like in romance, you are more drawn to some people than you are others. Some of it is very straightforward: You are interested in the same things, you spend time in the same place. That’s one reason why we are close to relatives, because you have a head start, you spend more time with them than you do anyone else. We do tend to be better friends with people who are more like us.
朋友間也存在有趣的化學反應。與兩情相悅類似，我們會被具有某些特質的人吸引。還有些原因非常直接：同樣的興趣愛好；經常在同一地點碰面。這也解釋了為什麼親人之間往往關係更為緊密，因為你們從小在一起，你和他們相處的時間甚於其他任何人。我們也確實傾向於和與自己相似的人交朋友。

-draw to: 受…吸引
-straightforward: 直截了當；直接的
-head start: 領先；佔得的先機、優勢

未完待續...
要跟對方聊多久才會變成好朋友？
加入文末每日國際選讀計畫，解鎖完整語音導讀版

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原文連結請看留言
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❓❓多益模擬題❓:
The reason behind people being attracted to one and not the other is _________: you are interested in the same things, you spend time in the same space. We often ______ being around with friends does us good emotionally, but it’s actually doing so much more.
🙋🏻‍♀️🙋🏼‍♀️
A. straightforward / assume
B. direct / assumes
C. straightforward / assumed
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我們淨得了灘淨得了海淨不了海床

我想淨的其實是你的心！

科學家指出落入海洋的垃圾當中：
海面上的塑膠垃圾只佔了1%
其餘99%的經由海流到了海床
海底每平方米識別出190萬塊微塑料
微塑料來自衣服的塑膠纖維及大型塑膠
落入海裡的塑膠經各樣方式回歸人類
影響健康

我們需要的是大家減少用塑膠的決心
如果你要用除非你是決心用上一百年的
意思是塑膠是非常的耐用
如果那件塑膠製物你沒有決心用上十年
請你不要用！特別是即棄的餐具跟包裝！
能省就省！能不用就不要用好嗎？！

// "Until now we haven't understood where the missing microplastics in the ocean end up and how they are transported," Mike Clare of the National Oceanography Centre told Newsweek. "We know that there are concentrations of plastic on the ocean's surface, but this accounts for less than one percent of the plastic that makes it into the ocean."

He added: "Until now, the rest has been assumed to settle slowly out, like rain or snow in the deep sea. We found instead that currents in the deep sea act like conveyor belts—moving plastic around, locally creating hotspots on the seafloor."

The great bulk of microplastics building up in these hotspots are fibers found in clothing and larger pieces of plastic waste.

"Very little can be done to deal with these hotspots as they are—a deep seafloor clean up is not a viable option for a number of reasons," said Clare.

"Therefore the solution needs to start at the source. We need to limit the pathways that get plastics to the ocean, switch to more sustainable materials where possible, and keep to the mantra of reduce, re-use, recycle."

【「發呆」英文怎麼講？ 】

不知為何，很多人會問我「發呆」。

你們這些發呆鬼！其實，有幾個說法都很有用：

★ veg out

Veg /'vɛdʒ/ 就是 vegetable（蔬菜）的縮寫，所以字面上就是「蔬掉了」。如：

I assumed my co-worker would be working hard, but when I looked over there, he was just vegging out.
(我以為我的同事正努力工作中，但看了一下，才發現他在發呆！）

_______________

★ space out

Space 就是空間，所以這個表示大腦「空掉了」，也就是發呆的意思！

When I took the train home last night, a lot of people were just spacing out. They were probably tired.
(昨晚搭火車回家，車上很多人在發呆，應該很累吧。）

_______________

★ zone out

Zone /'zon/ 是「區」的意思，其實也是空間的意思，跟上一個一樣！

At dinner, my mom was kind of zoning out. We just left her alone.
(吃晚餐的時候，媽在發呆，但是我們沒去打擾她。)

_______________

好了，這個連假不可以待在家裡一直 veg out, 要出去做點營養的事！

P.S. 你記得「連假」英文怎麼說嗎？
你有四天可以複習哦-->https://goo.gl/JGZeBz