「每日英文閱讀分享#019」​
​
週六就是每週最忙碌的一天，到了此刻才來寫貼文，​
今天送大家一張熱騰騰的火鍋照！
（ps. 八週實戰辣醬組的小慶功！）

今天的文章：3 Ways to Improve Sales Forecasts When the Future Is Unclear​
​
在本文章當中，主要是在說業務要怎麼在一個混亂的時局當中作出準確判斷。​
​
作者提出三個方法：​
1. Increase the granularity of your analysis.：是去分析你客戶所處產業的報告​
2. Leverage your senior executives.：讓你的資深主管幫助你與團隊了解客戶的商業策略，以便觀察自身公司與產品的潛在機會​
3. Honestly assess customer urgency.：藉由提出問題，讓業務人員了解現況，轉變他們「想要有業績」大於「觀察消費者需求」的心態。​
​
個人心得：​
了解客戶產業的現況，就會能夠從中觀察，​
然後找到切入點研發產品，找到他們真正的需求，​
或是能夠用現有產品解決他們的問題。​
​
簡單來說，一切都從分析產業現況開始。​
​
今天要跟大家分享的單字是：​
sth paint with a broad brushstroke​
​
brushstroke的原意是：the way in which something, especially paint, is put on to a surface with a brush:​
​
然而另一個意思是：the way in which a plan or idea is explained:​
例句：She described the project in very broad brushstrokes (= without any details).—​
Cambridge Dictionary ​
​
例句：Sales reps will often paint with a broad brushstroke: “The whole industry is in shambles,” or “No one is selling anything.” Insist on a more rigorous analysis to spot opportunities.​
​
#言之有物​
#英語學習​
#商業英文​
#BusinessEnglish​
#Sales​
#每日英文閱讀分享​
#一起來建立英文閱讀習慣吧

「每日英文閱讀分享#016」​
​
今天的文章標題：Learn when to say no​
文章內容簡介：​
分三個主要的部分在說明要什麼時候要說「不」，​
1. assess the ask：藉由更加了解需求，去判定是不是需要或值得做這件事。​
2. deliver a well-reasoned no：說明哪些情況應該說不，以及要怎麼說​
3. give a yes that sets you up for success：說「YES」還是得要綜合評估​
​
個人心得：​
我其實算是一個不太會拒絕別人，也不太會拜託別人的人。​
這裡推薦「好好拜託」這本書給大家，裡面提到我最印象深刻的點就是「人們喜歡被拜託、被需要的感覺，而且拒絕別人的感受其實是很差的。」​
但是我們換個角度變成要去拜託別人的時候，反而會覺得是麻煩別人或是害怕被拒絕。這個心態是很奇妙的。​

回到本文提到的，兩個感觸比較深的地方：​
1. 「釐清現況」：並不是多問就代表你要答應，
也不要害羞不敢多問而接下了一個可能會超出你負荷的工作。​
反而你問得越細，會讓對方覺得你越重視他的需求，也會讓對方能有夠更全方位的了解自己需要什麼幫助。​
2. 「學會婉轉」：學習溝通也是我最近非常有興趣也覺得超級難的課題了​
​
今天的「單字」分享是：『field』​
field當名詞的時候有無數多個解釋，這裡不贅述，大家有興趣自行翻閱字典XD​
但是今天在內文時的用法是：​
v. to take care of or respond to (something, such as a telephone call or a request)—Merriam Webster​
例句：She has been fielding offers from potential buyers. —Merriam Webster​
​
還有一個意思v. to give an impromptu answer or solution to​
例句：the senator fielded the reporters' questions—Merriam Webster​
​
本文：All day every day, most of us are fielding requests. The asks are formal and informal, large and small.​
​
#言之有物​
#英語學習​
#商業英文​
#BusinessEnglish​
#ManagingYourself​
#每日英文閱讀分享​
#一起來建立英文閱讀習慣吧

[時事英文] 世界衛生組織為何被批為「CHO」？
　
閱讀時，請務必檢視所有行為背後的動機，並探索其它觀點。同學們可以在這裡找到不同的觀點： https://bit.ly/39Z1y5v（影片63分鐘後有分析動機）
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
《紐約時報》報導：
　
President Trump unleashed a tirade against the World Health Organization on Tuesday, accusing it of acting too slowly to sound the alarm about the coronavirus. It was not the first time in this pandemic that the global health body has faced such criticism. In Japan, Taro Aso, the deputy prime minister and finance minister, recently noted that some people have started referring to the World Health Organization as the “Chinese Health Organization” because of what he described as its close ties to Beijing. Taiwanese officials say the W.H.O. ignored its early warnings about the virus because China refuses to allow Taiwan, a self-governing island it claims as its territory, to become a member.
　
1、unleash 突然釋放；使爆發
2、tirade 長篇的抨擊性演說
3、face criticisms 面臨批評
4、deputy prime minister 副首相
5、note (v.) that… 提及⋯⋯；注意到⋯⋯
6、refer to (sb/sth) as (sb/sth) 將⋯⋯稱作*
7、sound the alarm 敲響警鐘；發出危險的訊號；引起警覺
8、close ties with 與⋯⋯的密切關係
9、self-governing 自治
　
週二，川普總統對世界衛生組織發起抨擊，指責該組織行動太慢，未及時就新冠病毒發出警報。在此次疫情中，這家全球衛生機構不是第一次面臨這樣的批評。日本副首相兼財務大臣麻生太郎最近稱，由於該組織與北京關係密切，有大量聲音將世界衛生組織稱為「中國衛生組織」。臺灣官員說，世界衛生組織忽視了有關該病毒的早期警告，這是因為中國拒絕臺灣成為世界衛生組織成員，聲稱該自治島嶼為其領土的一部分。
　
*refer to:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/refer+to+as
https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/refer+to+as
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Critics say the W.H.O. has been too trusting of the Chinese government, which initially tried to conceal the outbreak in Wuhan. Others have faulted the organization and its leader, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, for moving too slowly in declaring a global health emergency.
　
10、conceal 隱蔽；隱瞞
11、fault (v.) 指責；挑……毛病；找……的缺點
12、a global health emergency 全球衛生緊急事件
　
評論人士稱，世界衛生組織一直以來過於信任中國政府，而中國政府最初試圖掩蓋武漢的疫情。還有人指責該組織及其領導人譚德塞在宣布全球衛生緊急事件方面行動太慢。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
The W.H.O., a United Nations agency, has defended its response, saying on Wednesday it alerted the world to the threat posed by the virus in a timely manner and that it was “committed to ensuring all member states are able to respond effectively to this pandemic.” The agency’s defenders say its powers over any individual government are limited, and that it has done the best it can in dealing with a public health threat with few precedents in history. There will be time later to assess successes and failings, “this virus and its shattering consequences.”
　
13、be posed by 由……所構成
14、in a timely manner 及時；在適當的時間內
15、be committed to 致力於；投入
16、have power over sb/sth 對⋯⋯有影響力（或操控力）
17、precedent 先例；慣例；判例
18、there will be time later to 之後將有……的時候
19、assess success and failings 評判成敗
20、shattering consequence 破壞性後果
　
身為聯合國機構的世界衛生組織對此作出了辯護，它在週三表示，自己已向世界發出警報，及時提醒人們該病毒所構成的威脅，並「致力於確保所有會員國都能有效應對該流行病疫情」。該機構的辯護者說，它對任何一個政府能行使的權力都是有限的，並且它已經盡了最大努力，來處理這個幾乎前所未見的公衛威脅。今後會有評判成敗以及評估「這種病毒及其破壞性後果」的時候。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
When cases of a mysterious viral pneumonia first appeared in Wuhan in December, Chinese health officials silenced whistle-blowers and repeatedly played down the severity of the outbreak. Even as late as mid-January, as the virus spread beyond China’s borders, Chinese officials described it as “preventable and controllable” and said there was no evidence it could be transmitted between humans on a broad scale. The W.H.O. endorsed the government’s claims, saying in mid-January, for example, that human-to-human transmission had not been proven.
　
21、viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎
22、silence (v.) 使噤聲；使沉默
23、play down 對……作低調處理；淡化……的重要性（或糟糕程度）
24、severity (n.) 嚴重性
25、preventable and controllable 可防止的與可控制的（可防可控）
26、on a broad scale 廣泛地
27、endorse (v.)（公開）認可，支持；宣傳，吹捧
28、human-to-human transmission 人傳人
　
去年１２月，當武漢首現神秘的病毒性肺炎病例時，中國的衛生官員使吹哨人噤聲，並一再淡化疫情的嚴重性。甚至到了１月中旬，隨著該病毒傳播到中國境外，中國官員還稱其「可防可控」，並表示未發現明顯人傳人證據。世界衛生組織認可中國政府的說法，例如，它在1月中旬稱，人傳人現象尚未得到證實。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Critics say the organization’s repeated deference to Beijing exacerbated the spread of the disease. A group of international experts was not allowed to visit Wuhan until mid-February. W.H.O. officials were slow to declare a public health emergency, critics say. Even as the virus spread to more than half a dozen countries and forced China to place parts of Hubei Province under lockdown in late January, the W.H.O. was reluctant to declare it a global health emergency. W.H.O. officials said at the time that a committee that discussed the epidemic was divided on the question of whether to call it an emergency, but concluded that it was too early. One official added that they weighed the impact such a declaration might have on the people of China.
　
29、deference (n.) to 服從；遵從
30、exacerbate 使惡化；使加劇
31、place (v.) …under lockdown 將……置於封鎖之中
32、reluctant 不情願的
33、conclude 斷定；作出結論
34、add 補充說；繼續說
35、weigh the impact 權衡此一衝擊
　
批評人士說，該組織對北京的再三遵從加劇了疾病的傳播。一組國際專家直到２月中旬才被允許訪問武漢。這次，世界衛生組織官員遲遲不宣布進入公共衛生緊急狀態。批評人士道。儘管該病毒擴散到六個以上的國家，並迫使中國在１月下旬封鎖湖北省部分地區，但世界衛生組織仍不願宣布這是全球衛生緊急事件。世界衛生組織官員當時表示，一個討論疫情的委員會在是否宣布緊急事件的問題上存在分歧，但最後得出的結論是現在下結論為時過早。一位官員補充說，他們權衡了這樣的聲明可能對中國人民產生的影響。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
China’s leader, Xi Jinping, has made it a priority to strengthen Beijing’s clout at international institutions, including the W.H.O., seeing the American-dominated global order as an impediment to his country’s rise as a superpower. China contributes only a small fraction of the W.H.O.’s $6 billion budget, while the United States is one of its main benefactors. But in recent years, Beijing has worked in other ways to expand its influence at the organization. The government has lobbied the W.H.O. to promote traditional Chinese medicine, which Mr. Xi has worked to harness as a source of national pride and deployed as a soft-power tool in developing countries, despite skepticism from some scientists about its effectiveness.
　
36、clout 權勢；影響力
37、the American-dominated global order 美國主導的全球秩序
38、impediment 阻礙；障礙物
39、superpower 霸權
40、benefactor 捐助者；贊助者
41、lobby (v.) 遊說
42、traditional Chinese medicine 中藥
43、harness 控制；利用……的動力
44、soft-power 軟實力
45、national pride 民族自豪感；民族自尊
46、skepticism 懷疑論；懷疑的態度
　
中國領導人習近平將美國主導的全球秩序視為中國崛起為超級大國的障礙，他把加強北京在世界衛生組織等國際機構中的影響力作為一項優先任務。在世界衛生組織６０億美元的預算中，中國的出資只佔一小部分，而美國是它的主要捐助者之一。但近年來，北京通過其他方式擴大自己在該組織中的影響力。中國政府一直遊說世界衛生組織推廣中藥，習近平曾利用它作為增進民族自豪感的源泉，並將其作為軟實力工具部署在發展中國家，儘管一些科學家懷疑它的有效性。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Last year, the W.H.O. offered an endorsement of traditional Chinese medicine, including it in its influential medical compendium. China has sought to promote traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of symptoms of the coronavirus both at home and abroad. Last month, the W.H.O. was criticized after it removed a warning against taking traditional herbal remedies to treat the coronavirus from its websites in mainland China. China’s role at the W.H.O. will probably continue to grow in the coming years, especially if Western governments retreat from the organization, as Mr. Trump has threatened.
　
47、endorsement 支持；簽署
48、compendium 綱要
49、at home and abroad 國內外（在國內與國外）
50、herbal remedy 草藥療法*
51、treat (v.) the coronavirus 治療冠狀病毒
　
去年，世界衛生組織提出支持中藥，將其納入該組織頗具影響力的醫學綱要。中國一直尋求在國內外推廣治療新冠病毒癥狀的中藥。上個月，世界衛生組織在其中國大陸的網站上刪除了一條關於不要使用傳統草藥治療冠狀病毒的警告，該組織因此受到了批評。未來幾年，中國在世界衛生組織的作用可能會繼續增強，尤其是如果西方政府像川普威脅的那樣退出該組織的話。
　
＊按《劍橋詞典》，「herb」之定義為「a type of plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavour to particular dishes or in making medicine」，意即以植物的「葉子」製作藥材；其形容詞作「herbal」。再按《教育部重編國語辭典修訂本》，「藥草」意為「可供治病的草本植物」，而「草本植物」即「草質莖植物的總稱，屬開花植物」，故「herb」當譯作「藥草」，「herbal」則為「藥草的」。惟「草藥」係「取自植物界的藥材」，慮及中醫的藥材並非僅限於「草本植物」，此處遂將「herbal remedy」譯作「草藥療法」容較妥切。
　
《紐約時報》完整報導：https://nyti.ms/2V2ewes
　
圖片出處：https://bit.ly/2V5gQRH
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
時事英文講義: https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
　
＃國際關係時事英文

《我在哈佛學的領袖技能》工作坊 : Invitation - 2020年2月8日或15日 (星期六)《Leadership Workshop》9am to 1pm

我曾經在哈佛讀過三年(2012/13/14)教授 Robert Steven Kaplan 的領袖課程。Changed my life!

農曆新年後，連我自己18年創業經驗，我希望和你分享我在哈佛學到及應用了什麼 (幸運地，我公司過去幾年的同事們 turnover 都是近0)，可能令你的領袖能力亦有所啟發。

題目: 六步提升你的領袖能力 (6 Steps to Become A Better Leader) based on Harvard Professor Robert Steven Kaplan's teaching and his 3 books.
日期: 2020年2月8日或15日 (星期六)
時間: 9am to 1pm
地點: Classified Cafe and My Office at New World Tower, 16 Queens Road Central, HK.
人數: 每場限20位，
對象: 免費，但只適合工作經驗5至10年以上的管理人士參與。
教材: 講廣東話，內容是英文
Agenda:
(1) Speed dating, self intro and expectations.
(2) Split into teams of 2 or 3 people.
(3) Go thru the leadership framework by Prof. Robert Steven Kaplan (現任美國達拉斯 Dallas 聯邦儲備銀行行長卡普蘭)
(4) Ask those questions and answer in teams.
(5) 回答你任何對做生意的問題，takeaway value and let's all be friends.

報名方法: 請WhatsApp你的卡片給Suki/Monica +852 9218 5223

我之前關於 Prof. Robert Steven Kaplan 的領袖影片:

https://youtu.be/YVplfngE9KM

https://youtu.be/PhPBbbq9oc0

https://youtu.be/Oloo1uA3UvE

Note: 如果之後你覺得此 workshop 有用，希望你可以考慮捐款 support 我 brother-in-law (Derrick Pang) 創立的 Lifewire.hk 慈善組織，幫助患有罕見疾病的兒童。

http://www.lifewire.hk/tc/support-lifewire/How-To-Donate.html

#哈佛領袖技巧工作坊，#Leadership_Workshop

............................................

Leadership Framework (by Harvard Prof. Robert Steven Kaplan)

A. STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND KEY CHOICES

(1) Ownership Mindset (Leadership is not about position, is mindset)
(2) What Do You Believe In?
(3) Have You Acted On It?
(4) Add Value To Others
(5) Vision (Where? Why? Distinctive?)
(6) Priorities (3 or 4)
(7) Alignment
- People
- Task
- Organization
- You

With active communication of vision and priorites everyday.

..........................................................................

B. DEVELOPING YOURSELF AS LEADER

Understanding yourself:
A. Assess your own strengths and weaknesses
- Write down your own
- Find others write on yours too
B. Finding your passion
C. Value, ethics, morals
D. What is your story? Be authentic

Why leaders fail?
A. Open to learn?
B. Ask questions?
C. Do you listen?
D. Fight through isolation
E. Ok feeling vulnerable

The leader as role model
A. Do you act as role model?
B. What are the two to three key messages you want to send to people?
C. Do your behaviors match your words
D. How do you plan to improve on your weaknesses, and build on your strengths?

Tools to become better leader:
A. Support group
B. Keep a journal (to do, ideas, knowledge, etc)
C. Face to face communication
D. Interview people (how u do it?)
E. Think one level up.
..........................................................................

C. BUILDING RELATIONSHIP (YOU CAN'T DO IT ALONE)

(1) Build Relationship
. Mutual Understanding
. Mutual Trust
. Mutual Respect
(2) Self disclosure
(3) Inquiry
(4) Advice seeking

Build Relationship Exercise:
A. Write down something about yourself that the other person probably doesn't know. Have the other person do the same.
B. Write down a question you like to ask the other person that would help you understand him or her better. The other person do the same. Ask them.
C. Write down an area of deep self doubt. Disclose to other person and ask for advise.

........................................................................

D. GETTING AND GIVING FEEDBACK

Giving and getting feedback
A. Seek feedback and seek coaching .
B. Actively coach others. Coach up and coach down. Are your advice specific, timely, actionable?
- Coaching is watching vs mentoring is telling.
C. Not year end review alone. It will be a verdict. Review frequently.

Communication with peers:
A. Ask why do you work here? What's great?
B. What do you hate about here?
C. Can you suggest what action to improve above?

......................................................................

E. ACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF TIME

Managing time
A. Do you know how you spend your time?
B. Does it match the key priorities?
C. 1, 2, 3.
(1) One is related to priorities and must be done by you
(2) Two is related to priorities but can be done by someone else (at least partly)
(3) Three is not related to priorities

....................................................................

F. EVALUATION AND RE-ALIGNMENT

A. Design of company still align with vision and priorities?
B. Blank sheet of paper exercise, what should you / we do? If so, what's stopping you?

END

為何英文能力無法提升?

學生的語言能力可分成兩種，一種是基本人際交談能力（Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills丶BICS），另一種則是認知和學術的語言能力(Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency丶CALP) ，意指學生所需擁有的較高層次語言以完成學校的課業，、或是在以學科內容為基礎的環境下，透過較複雜的口語或寫作來傳達對某學科的資訊、概念、分析及論點。

BICS會話語言的學習並不太困難。對學生來說，難點在於CALP學術語言的使用，學生一般要求更長時間才能把握學術語言。會話語言十分依賴說話的語境，依賴語境的語言使用方式傾向於把世界建構成變動不居、正在發生的「事」，讓人參與、互動，建構切身的經驗；學術語言盡量獨立於特定的語境，把世界建構成存在的、凝定下來的「物」，讓人能夠超越個人經驗，整體把握或層分細析。無疑，沒人可以否認切身體驗是學習知識的一個極重要途徑，但個人化的經驗只能提供較狹隘的世界知識，而且往往不夠典型而富誤導性。通過學術語言，人接觸到紛紜的世界知識，這是難以由其他途徑獲得的，因而具學術語言能力的人較能超越語境地思考，給人提供了獨特的機會掌握陳述知識。忽略學術語言能力的訓練，對學生的語文能力發展是一個災難。

資料來自「說話能力架構芻議」:
林偉業、羅燕琴和潘溫文：〈說話能力架構芻議〉，2014 年9月 14 日

★★★★★★★★★★★★

如何牢記和應用剛學到的英文單詞?
https://goo.gl/Z5nyVm

「心智圖詞彙攻略」課程連結: https://bit.ly/2teELDq

★★★★★★★★★★★★

如何加強自己的CALP/How to Improve CALP:
• Hold book reviews and analyze different viewpoints
• Hold formal discussions and debates
• Do group writing for academic essays
• Teach others academic topics
• Always read, analyze, and write academic articles

加強自己英文的步驟/How to Improve Your English:
1. Have a long-term learning goal and short-term objectives
2. You can choose to take a standardized assessment to determine your starting point
3. Find an experienced teacher to help you set up a study plan
4. Learn, practice, and use all four domains of English (Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing)
5. Study by yourself and with others
6. Always seek help and ask for feedback
7. Periodically assess your progress
8. Adjust your study plan according to your assessments and feedback from teachers

提升英文口說能力的五大關鍵: https://goo.gl/usRqGd

資料來源:
http://www.cavesbooks.com.tw/CET/ArtContent_tw.aspx?CDE=ART20130815104035RP5

林偉業、羅燕琴和潘溫文：〈說話能力架構芻議〉，2014 年9月 14 日

音樂來源:
https://www.bensound.com

為何英文能力無法提升?

學生的語言能力可分成兩種，一種是基本人際交談能力（Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills丶BICS），另一種則是認知和學術的語言能力(Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency丶CALP) ，意指學生所需擁有的較高層次語言以完成學校的課業，、或是在以學科內容為基礎的環境下，透過較複雜的口語或寫作來傳達對某學科的資訊、概念、分析及論點。

BICS會話語言的學習並不太困難。對學生來說，難點在於CALP學術語言的使用，學生一般要求更長時間才能把握學術語言。會話語言十分依賴說話的語境，依賴語境的語言使用方式傾向於把世界建構成變動不居、正在發生的「事」，讓人參與、互動，建構切身的經驗；學術語言盡量獨立於特定的語境，把世界建構成存在的、凝定下來的「物」，讓人能夠超越個人經驗，整體把握或層分細析。無疑，沒人可以否認切身體驗是學習知識的一個極重要途徑，但個人化的經驗只能提供較狹隘的世界知識，而且往往不夠典型而富誤導性。通過學術語言，人接觸到紛紜的世界知識，這是難以由其他途徑獲得的，因而具學術語言能力的人較能超越語境地思考，給人提供了獨特的機會掌握陳述知識。忽略學術語言能力的訓練，對學生的語文能力發展是一個災難。

資料來自「說話能力架構芻議」:
林偉業、羅燕琴和潘溫文：〈說話能力架構芻議〉，2014 年9月 14 日

★★★★★★★★★★★★

「心智圖詞彙攻略」線上課程: https://bit.ly/2teELDq

「心智圖詞彙攻略」Q&A: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Wt