上班肚子餓、加班肚子餓、半夜肚子餓、早上起床還是好餓……天公伯啊！為什麼我整天都想吃東西？！肚子漲了，薪水卻沒漲（誤）
　
這全是因為我們的身體需要補充能量，而 ATP 則是辣個可以提供我們能量的物質！
_
ATP 是什麼？真的能吃嗎？
　
ATP（adenosine triphosphate），又稱為三磷酸腺苷，是核苷酸的一種，也是大家一點都不陌生、你我在課本上學到的「能量貨幣」。
　
人體的一切活動，包含吃飯睡覺打東東，都需要能量才得以運作，而 ATP 還真的要透過吃東西來轉換，不過食物只能算是能量的間接來源。
　
不論是醣類、蛋白質還是脂質，都會透過消化系統分解，最終分解成小單位的 #葡萄糖，才能在藉由呼吸作用產生 ATP。
_
我們一天需要多少 ATP？
　
人體每天大約需要水解 100-150 mol 的 ATP，約為 50~75 公斤。不多不少啦，約莫一個自己（等等
　
有趣的是，這些 ATP 分子製造出來後無法儲存，因此只能一直製造一直用www
_
好消息好消息~泛科學出貼圖啦🎉🎉
　
千呼萬喚、眾所矚目、驚天地泣鬼神的帽斯與景陸，即刻就能擁有！
　
你各位還不趕快手刀買起來 ➡ https://lihi1.com/jn21i
　
#不是愚人節
_
參考資料：
Wikipedia《三磷酸腺苷、呼吸作用》、科學月刊《生物發動機─人體內無處不在的ATP》、Ask the Scientists《了解ATP——10個細胞能量的問題與解答》
_
延伸閱讀：
你的脂肪組織也能燃燒卡路里？
https://pansci.asia/archives/322402
「分子機器」解密：染色質重塑複合物研究盤點
https://pansci.asia/archives/155610

Quá phê nha nha
Kem đánh răng Sensodyne Gentle Whitening 160g/tuýp - Giúp làm trắng răng tự nhiên - Giúp giảm ê buốt 24/7

THÔNG TIN CHI TIẾT
"Kem đánh răng Sensodyne Gentle Whitening - Giúp làm trắng răng tự nhiên được chứng minh lâm sàng giúp bảo vệ hàng ngày và giảm ê buốt hiệu quả.
- Công thức giúp bảo vệ răng khỏi tình trạng ê buốt 24/7*
- Đánh răng thường xuyên với Sensodyne giúp loại bỏ mảng bám, nhẹ nhàng loại bỏ các vết ố, làm trắng răng tự nhiên và công thức có chứa fluoride giúp ngăn ngừa sâu răng.
- Vị bạc hà thơm mát mang lại cảm giác thơm mát, sạch sẽ.

* Khi đánh răng 2 lần một ngày"

Thành phần:
Aqua, Sorbitol, Hydrated Silica, Glycerin, Potassium Nitrate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Aroma, Xanthan Gum, Sodium Saccharin, Sodium Fluoride, Sodium Hydroxide, Titanium Dioxide, PEG - 6, Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate, Pentasodium Triphosphate

Hướng dẫn sử dụng
Chải răng 2 lần nhưng không quá 3 lần/ngày. Hạn chế nuốt, nhổ ra sau khi chải răng.

【藥事知多D】一物兩用：Bismuth Subsalicylate

同一種藥同時往往可以有不同的用途。

看，單是一粒亞士匹靈(Aspirin)，不同的劑量便已經有不同的用途。
不過就算是同一種藥、同一種作用原理，還是可以有兩種用途。

例如Bismuth Subsalicylate。

那到底是哪兩種用途呢？

唔……首先給大家兩個提示：

第一，Bismuth Subsalicylate在酸性的環境下（胃液）便可能會進化成為Bismuth Oxychloride，然後黏附在胃壁上形成一層薄膜，如同「烏蠅紙」一樣吸附胃黏膜主細胞(Gastric Chief Cell)所分泌的胃蛋白酶(Pepsin)，抑制胃蛋白酶的活性。

第二，Bismuth Subsalicylate還有一種與眾不同的特性，便是可能會干擾幽門螺旋桿菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)的細胞壁、蛋白質、三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine Triphosphate, ATP)合成，癱瘓幽門螺旋桿菌的新陳代謝，同時干擾細胞膜(Cell Membrane)的滲透功能，誘發幽門螺旋桿菌的體內出現滲漏，殺滅幽門螺旋桿菌。[1]

所以Bismuth Subsalicylate有資格成為四合一療法(Quadruple Therapy)的其中一員，適用於治療對幽門螺旋桿菌呈陽性的腸胃潰瘍(H. pylori-positive Ulcers)。[2]

對，Bismuth Subsalicylate的第一個用途便是胃藥。

至於要是大腸，場景不同，角色便會不同，劇情便會不同……

既然Bismuth Subsalicylate這張「烏蠅紙」可能會吸附胃蛋白酶，自然便可能會吸附其他東西，在相當程度上，Bismuth Subsalicylate算是一種吸附劑(Adsorbents)，直達大腸後，便可能會吸附腸道內的刺激物、致病原、毒素，然後透過大便一同排出體外，從而可能會排除這些病源，達到止瀉的效果。

除此之外，既然Bismuth Subsalicylate可能會殺滅幽門螺旋桿菌，自然還可能會殺滅腸道內的細菌，同樣可能會排除這些病源，達到止瀉的效果。

對，Bismuth Subsalicylate的第二個用途便是止瀉藥。

還有一般相信Bismuth Subsalicylate還可能會增加水分、電解質的吸收，減少腸腔內的水分，所以還是一種抗分泌劑(Antisecretory Agents)，讓水狀的大便呈固體狀，從而能夠紓緩腹瀉。

據說Bismuth Subsalicylate還可能會在腸道裡進行水解(Hydrolysis)產生水楊酸(Salicylic Acid)，從而可能會抑制其中一種前列腺素(Prostaglandin, PG)的產生，紓緩腸道炎症，減慢腸道蠕動，達到止瀉的效果。

其中Bismuth Subsalicylate較常用於預防、治療旅行者腹瀉(Traveler's Diarrhea, TD)，俗稱「水土不服」。[3]

所以Bismuth Subsalicylate既是胃藥，又是止瀉藥，一言以蔽之，便是腸胃藥。

（如欲了解更多用藥資訊，歡迎看看「小小藥罐子」網誌。）

💊💊💊💊💊💊💊
BLOG➡️http://pegashadraymak.blogspot.com/
IG➡️https://www.instagram.com/pegashadraymak/
YT➡️https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQOMojMd6q7XnESMWwldPhQ

📕📕📕📕📕📕📕
著作➡️藥事知多D、用藥知多D、藥房事件簿、家居用藥攻略（各大書店有售）

Reference:
1. Lambert JR, Midolo P. The actions of bismuth in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1997;11(Suppl 1):27-33.
2. Malfertheiner P, Bazzoli F, Delchier JC, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication with a capsule containing bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole, and tetracycline given with omeprazole versus clarithromycin-based triple therapy: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;377:905.
3. Steffen R, DuPont HL, Heusser R, et al. Prevention of travelers’ diarrhea by the tablet form of bismuth subsalicylate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986;29:625-7.

0:14 人體有多少水
0:48 冰水vs溫水 要喝哪種好
1:47 喝水為什麼可以增加代謝
2:22 水中毒
3:00 運動的時候要喝多少水
5:14 水與便秘
5:43 身體如何產生水
6:38 不喝水斷食法
8:26 一天要喝多少水

Water is produced by our bodies as a byproduct of the metabolism during a process called cellular respiration, in which glucose and oxygen are used to produce energy for cells. This process is somewhat complicated and involves a number of steps, but water is formed in the final step. This is the same process that produces the carbon dioxide that we exhale. It is also called aerobic respiration because it uses oxygen to produce energy. 
During cellular respiration, first glucose (sugar) from the food that we eat is broken down to create the molecules Pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the main source of energy for cells and is a powerful energy storage molecule.
Glycolysis utilizes the compounds NAD+ and NADH, two enzymes, to produce some ATP. However, most of the ATP that cells use is made later in cellular respiration. The Pyruvate produced during glycolysis is converted into Acetyl COA. Acetyl COA then enters the mitochondria of the cell to produce further energy in the presence of oxygen. This is when water is produced by the metabolism. In the mitochondria, electrons from the molecules NADH and FADH2 are used for energy to power a set of reactions that will ultimate produce ATP, the powerhouse for the cell.
Toward the end of cellular respiration in the mitochondria, hydrogen and oxygen react together, producing water in the process. The other oxygen atom from this process is used as the final electron acceptor in the electron chain. This is how water is produced in the body; essentially, hydrogen from various coenzymes in the cell combine with oxygen from the lungs and create water as a byproduct.

#水 #健身 #減肥

Review of Bio-essence Radiant Youth Essence

Active Ingredients:
-Royal Jelly
-ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
-Green Tea Extract

*This video is sponsored by Bio-essence, however opinions are my own.