TỪ VỰNG IELTS CHỦ ĐỀ FAST FOOD
PHẦN TỪ VỰNG
- to be high in saturated fats and added sugars: chứa nhiều chất béo bão hòa và đường
- to be prepared and served quickly: được chuẩn bị và phục vụ nhanh chóng
- to taste good: ngon
- to eat… too much over a long period: ăn… quá nhiều trong một thời gian dài
- processed preservatives: chất bảo quản đã qua xử lý/chế biến
- to be detrimental to …: có hại cho …
- to consume high levels of salt: tiêu thụ lượng muối cao
- to be low in antioxidants, fiber: ít chất chống oxy hóa, chất xơ
- a low-fiber diet: một chế độ ăn ít chất xơ
- to increase blood pressure: tăng huyết áp
- to be more likely to have a heart attack: có nhiều khả năng bị đau tim
- to put on weight: tăng cân
- fast food chains: chuỗi thức ăn nhanh
- to introduce a ban on junk food advertising: ban hành lệnh cấm quảng cáo đồ ăn vặt
- to be highly addictive: gây nghiện cao
- to be hard to resist: khó cưỡng lại
- to increase bad cholesterol levels: tăng mức cholesterol xấu
- to keep your weight under control: kiểm soát cân nặng của bạn
- to control your intake of harmful fats: kiểm soát lượng chất béo có hại của bạn
- to choose healthier fat options: chọn các món ăn chứa chất béo lành mạnh hơn
- to be extremely high in calories: có hàm lượng calo cực cao
- to be eaten in large amounts: ăn lượng lớn
- to satisfy your cravings: thỏa mãn cơn thèm của bạn
- to grab a snack on the go: mua 1 món ăn vặt trên đường bạn đi làm/ đi đâu đó
- to be affordable and convenient: hợp túi tiền và tiện lợi
- to make junk food less tempting to children: làm cho đồ ăn vặt ít hấp dẫn hơn đối với trẻ em
- to tax unhealthy food: đánh thuế thực phẩm không lành mạnh
- to force the food industry to cut sugar & salt in…: buộc ngành công nghiệp thực phẩm cắt giảm đường và muối trong…
- to change consumer behaviour: thay đổi hành vi của người tiêu dùng

PHẦN VÍ DỤ
It is high in sugar, salt, and saturated or trans fats, as well as many processed preservatives and ingredients.
Nó chứa nhiều đường, muối và chất béo bão hòa hoặc chất béo chuyển hóa, cũng như nhiều chất bảo quản và thành phần đã qua chế biến.

Excess added sugar can be detrimental to health — and getting it in liquid form is even worse.
Lượng đường dư thừa quá nhiều có thể gây hại cho sức khỏe – và tiêu thụ nó ở dạng lỏng thậm chí còn tồi tệ hơn.

It contains unhealthy saturated fats, which can increase bad cholesterol levels.
Nó chứa chất béo bão hòa không lành mạnh, có thể làm tăng lượng cholesterol xấu.

They are considering taxing unhealthy food in an effort to tackle childhood obesity.
Họ đang cân nhắc đánh thuế thực phẩm không lành mạnh để giải quyết tình trạng béo phì ở trẻ em.

A ban on junk food advertising across London’s entire public transport network will be introduced next year.
Lệnh cấm quảng cáo đồ ăn vặt trên toàn bộ mạng lưới giao thông công cộng của London sẽ được ban hành vào năm tới.
https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-fast-food/

#ieltsnguyenhuyen #ieltsvocabulary

【力量訓練的「訓練量」該如何設定？】

跑者的訓練量俗稱「跑量」，單位是「公里」，所以月跑量三百是指一個月總訓練距離300公里。在力量訓練圈的「訓練量」（Training Volume）常是「總反覆次數」 （Total Repetition）的同義詞；而「月總量」就是指一個月的總反覆次數，像我們會建議初跑者的月跑量最好不要超過100公里一樣，在做重訓時，有沒有一個區間可以讓大家參考呢？下面是《The System》的作者群建議：

#以下為譯文：
以剛接觸訓練的新手來說，月總量最好從750次（總反覆次數）開始；而菁英運動員的上限設在1,600次。在前蘇聯時代，我們親眼看到他們運動員以更高的月總量進行訓練。然而，我們後來也發現這跟他們使用加強運動表現的補給品有關，那使運動員能更快恢復。

總反覆次數是指在單一個週期中（這裡是指中週期）所有基本力量動作重複次數的總合。因此總反覆次數750的意思是在不同的訓練強度與動作中總共累計的次數，但這個數字不包括輔助訓練的動作。

從帳面上來看，750這個數字分配到一個月十二到十六次課表當中，看起來似乎很小，但我們這們所定的750這個數字比較像是「基本量」，而非下限，如果總反覆次數低於750下，就不會為運動員的成長帶來實質的影響。表 4.14 中的數值並不是意味著高水平或菁英運動員在四週內的總反覆次數永遠不會有低於1,000次情況發生，那只是維持成長的基本量。對運動員的恢復能力影響最大的是訓練量，因此這些範圍中比較需要注意的是上限的數值。若月總量超過上限值，恢復能力將快速到受到侵害，而且侵害的速度比任何其他因素都快。

一位菁英水準的運動員可以在一個月的時間裡完成1,000次以下的訓練，就算在恢復期也經常發生。然而，訓練新手若超過1,000次的上限，大都要承擔受傷或嚴重過度訓練的風險。

許多教練擔心他們的運動員練不夠，所以無法有效獲得力量和爆發力的進步。他們不想因為目標定得太低而有所保留，這讓他們感覺是「浪費」了一個月的訓練時間。剛開始採用這個方法來訓練時有這種感覺很自然，我們系統中的每一位教練也都曾經歷過相同的掙扎。

美國的力量教練已經把「訓練要用盡全力」當作一種信念，訓練完還有餘力好像就會覺得不夠認真。但請相信我們。我們說的方法很少失敗，也幾乎沒有過度訓練的風險，這些區間已被證明能最有效地幫助運動員進步。

在調整運動員的訓練量時，需要考慮到他們的技巧、經驗、過去的醫療史、訓練史、性別、實際年齡與訓練年齡。

我們過去的慘痛教訓可以讓你少走許多彎路。當你在訓練量的拿捏上猶豫不決時，原則是寧少勿多。寧可因量太少沒進步，也不要犯下過量訓練的錯誤。

總訓練量不包括輔助訓練或是特別針對「局部效果」的練習次數。那些動作主要是為了強化特定肌肉或是使全身力量動作能做得更好的輔助性訓練，所以我們不會把它們算在總訓練量中。
最受我們重視的力量訓練動作不只對身體的負擔很大，技術要求也很高；正因如此，我們才會嚴格限制訓練量。

雖然輔助訓練不會被計算在總訓練量裡，但你不要因此失控，開始加練很多你想練的輔助動作。永遠記住：效率第一。

#原文如下
The absolute floor of volume for a novice athlete is 750 total exercise repetitions per month, and the ceiling for the elite athlete is 1,600 total reps. During our time in the former Soviet Republics, we witnessed athletes performing even higher monthly training volumes. However, as we found later, that was often with the benefit of performance-enhancing substances that allowed for more rapid recovery.

In a single cycle, the total number of repetitions pertains to all exercises performed in the key movements. This means 750 total repetitions are spread between the different exercises among the range of training intensities we want to emphasize.

On the surface, these can seem like small numbers when we consider they may be spread out over 12 to 16 training sessions. That 750-rep total is really more like the basement rather than the floor of total volume—any less than 750 will not budge the needle on gains. That does not mean advanced or elite-level athletes will not have cycles that dip below 1,000 reps. These ranges should be more prescriptive of the ceiling of higher volumes to avoid exceeding. Pushing monthly volume beyond these ranges erodes recovery more rapidly than any other factor.

An elite-level athlete can use a month with a total volume of under 1,000 reps, as will often be the case when returning to training. However, a novice athlete can rarely exceed the 1,000-rep ceiling without risking an injury or a significant overtraining effect.

Many coaches worry their athletes will not do enough work to promote gains in strength and power. They do not want to “waste” a month by aiming too low on total volume and leaving some gains in the tank. That is a natural feeling when adopting this method, and each of us went through the same mental struggle.

Strength coaches in America are not hard-wired to accept less than maximum. However, trust us when we say that without fail, these ranges have proven to be the most effective in generating progress with almost no risk of overtraining.

Fine-tuning where your athletes fall in a volume range takes skill, experience, and consideration of their medical and training history, biological and training age, and gender.
The bloody trail of our mistakes can save you a lot of added stress: When in doubt, it is always better to err on the side of less volume than too much.

The total volume number does not include accessory work or exercises of “local effect.” Those exercises are more targeted muscle strengthening or exercises to support the main movements.

We are mainly concerned about the most physically taxing exercises that demand more of an athlete’s attention to technique—hence, the volume restrictions.

Although the accessory work is not included in the volume calculations, you still cannot go wild, adding as much as you want. Always remember this: efficiency first.
(以上摘錄自原文第132~133)
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Hello lovelies.

Oh my days. Long time no makeup tutorial. I have been obsessed with this look recently and I call it the bad bitch look. There is nothing bad or negative about it to be honest. I’ve been truly embracing the new unapologetic me and this look just makes me feel sassy and unstoppable. It matches anything really but I especially love to team it with a black snapback cap.

Really, I should’ve called it the Pillow Talk look because the key products are from the Charlotte Tilbury Pillow Talk range. May felt extra taxing for me and so your girl indulged herself with retail therapy.Worth every penny!!!!

I am enjoying the beautiful weather in Northern Ireland so so much. Stay safe, healthy and well everyone.


Products used:
PIXI Glowtion Day Dew
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Wanderbeauty Powder Foundation (I’m in Medium)
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Charlotte Tilbury Pillow Talk Luxury Palette
Anastasia Soft Glam Palette
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DollyWink Liquid Liner in Black
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Training and Nutrition Around The Menstrual Cycle with Ben Siong

A really informative chat with fitness and health expert Ben Siong. For all my sisters, who have always questioned bout why they have irregular periods, why they bloat, why they have painful periods, what's the possible cause for bleeding more than two weeks here's a video that will help explain those questions!

The human body is very complicated and my dear sisters, ours is even more complicated cause we have a thing called the period. Ben is one of the few coaches who takes the time to not only understand the physiology of the body but also the mind which is incredibly crucial. I do hope you take away valueable information from this video, because Ben's had shared a lot of his expertise during this 1 hour. :)

Questions Timestamps:

1:50 We hear a lot from old folks that women shouldn’t lift lower body higher than stomach for optimal reproductive system. Truth or myth?

8:25 Should we train during period?

10:15 Pre period - what to eat to avoid bloating (if ur vegan or vegetarian) so u still have the energy to lift weights?

15:16 What exercises to do pre period so that during menses it’s less painful?

16:55 Why do some cycles end quicker for instance as quick as 4 days? Should she consult the gynae?

21:00 My Personal encounter of bleeding 4 months straight, what would have been the response for excessive bleeding?

24:00 Brief chat on understanding PCOS and PCO

29:27 In a paper "Preliminary Evidence for a Window of Increased Vulnerability to Sustain a Concussion in Females: A Brief Report" the author states that declining or low levels of estrogen and progesterone (specifically in the late luteal phase and first two days of menstruation) can reduce neuroprotection and blunt recovery time from traumatic brain injury symptoms (i.e. concussions). Would those decreased levels of hormones, and reduced neuroprotection also impact CNS recovery? And would female athletes have to then avoid highly taxing sessions/peaking periods during this time frame?

37:11 I've read that lower back pain during menstruation is caused by the uterus swelling which can create pressure on the uterosacral ligaments and lead to pain in the lower back and pelvis. Is this accurate? If so should females generally avoid deadlifts/front squats/lower back intensive exercises during this period? Should they be left out entirely, or replaced by something else?

38:21 Besides the supplementation of magnesium and iron, are there other ways we should change the way we eat around our cycles?

39:48 Personally, I do workout during this period of time & it does make me feel better.
However, I realised that if I perform very high intensity workout on the first two days of my period, I tend to have lesser flow for the month. I feel completely well & healthy but I’m not sure if that’s something I should be worried about

41:53: I have irregular period, in that case what type of training and nutrition I should opt for coach?

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体操圈运动 | Gymnastic Ring Workout

As simple as they may be, gymnastic rings are (in my view) the most versatile, convenient, and effective piece of equipment for strength training, and they should be an essential part of every strength athlete’s inventory. ?

If you’ve ever tried to support your weight or perform movements on a pair of gymnastic rings, you know that it’s no walk in the park. Unlike a bar, which is fixed in place, gymnastic rings are suspended in space, free to swing and move around. This forces you to stabilize your body when performing movements and engage multiple muscles that must work together. The result is an extremely taxing, functional, and effective strength and stability-building workout for your entire upper body and core.