A very interesting text about how we teach reading to kids! （值得一讀！）

https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2019/08/22/whats-wrong-how-schools-teach-reading

學界爭論不休的 whole language approach 和 systematic phonics approach，究竟哪一個有更多的科學理據，去支持成為較適合幼兒閱讀的策略呢？

Whole language approach 著重提供一個豐富的、包含讀寫聽說的語言環境，著重文字在文本中呈現出來的意思，鼓勵孩子運用思考力從不同的 cues（例如圖畫、上文下理、beginning sound）去猜估文字，講求make sense of language。孩子有學習 phonics 的，只是不完整也沒有系統。

．graphic cues (what do the letters tell you about what the word might be?)

．syntactic cues (what kind of word could it be, for example, a noun or a verb?)

．semantic cues (what word would make sense here, based on the context?)

另一套觀點則強調要 explicitly, systematically 教授 letter 同 sound 的關係，怎樣 decode words，即是在孩子初學習英語時，集中把 phonics 的系統循序漸進式地好好掌握。

香港的學校多是採用 whole language approach，而家長努力付費外補的多是 phonics。

文中詳細描述了能夠掌握有效 phonics 策略的學生是如何閱讀：

//Here's what happens when a reader who has good phonics skills comes to a word she doesn't recognize in print. She stops at the word and sounds it out. If it's a word she knows the meaning of, she has now linked the spelling of the word with its pronunciation. If she doesn't know the meaning of the word, she can use context to try to figure it out.

By about second grade, a typically developing reader needs just a few exposures to a word through understanding both the pronunciation and the spelling for that word to be stored in her memory. She doesn't know that word because she memorized it as a visual image. She knows that word because at some point she successfully sounded it out.

The more words she stores in her memory this way, the more she can focus on the meaning of what she's reading; she'll eventually be using less brain power to identify words and will be able to devote more brain power to comprehending what she's reading.//

近年很多學者從科學研究的角度證實 systematic phonics approach 對提升孩子閱讀能力更有幫助。

如有興趣自教孩子 phonics，你們對這個no prep phonics bundle（https://shop.thisreadingmama.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/MEGA-NO-PREP-Phonics-Bundle-PREVIEW-This-Reading-Mama.pdf）有興趣嗎？減價中，有興趣可pm 我一同 chip in 買。

其他參考資料：https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2019/03/27/case-why-both-sides-reading-wars-debate-are-wrong-proposed-solution/

B&W推出全新700系列 技術源自旗艦

[業界新聞]
B&W推出最新700系列喇叭 旗艦技術下放
英國老牌音響品牌B&W剛推出最新700系列喇叭，取代知名CM系列喇叭，技術源自旗艦800系列，當中喇叭單元得到全面升級，除可作兩聲道音響播放外，廠方亦推出中置喇叭及超低音喇叭配合家庭影院使用。而B&W旗下喇叭主要分成800、700、600系列，消費者能更清晰各產品定位。

全新高音單元
全新700系列配備B&W全新開發之碳高音(Carbon Dome)，其效能介乎於600系列之雙層鋁高音(Aluminum Double Dome)及800系列之鑽石高音(Diamond Dome)。全新碳高音(Carbon Dome)由兩部份組成，包括前端部份的30微米鋁半球膜(Aluminum Dome)，表面以PVD (physical Vapor Deposition)技術加入碳塗層(carbon coating)，第二層則是300微米為主半球膜而特製的碳圈(Carbon Ring)，兩者結合成為整體結構，提供高強度及抗失真特性。

技術源自800系列之中音及低音單元
各700系列喇叭均配備源自800系列之Continuum單元，比以往一直使用之Kevlar防彈纖維擁有更好的均勻度及聲音還原力。而新開發給800系列之Aerofoil振膜低音單元亦改良及應用於700系列之上，新設計使用紙質材料而非碳纖維面(Carbon fibre skins)，而三文治填充物則用上發泡膠(EPS)而非用於800系列及DB系列超低音之複合泡沫塑料(Syntactic foam)，新設計令低音效果比CM系列有顯著提升。

新700系列喇叭顏色除經典玫瑰木色外，亦提供緞白色及鋼琴黑色給客戶選擇，訂價由美金$1,250起至$4,500。

圖片來源：B&W

解釋了什麼是 Closure? 如何將既有的 function 轉換成 closure ?

什麼情況下會用到 closure ?
>Closures are deeply rooted within the Swift language. Most common use cases include completion blocks/callbacks, higher order functions, and syntactic sugars.

https://medium.com/…/introduction-to-closures-in-swift-3-1d…

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