湯景華縱火燒死6人案，最高法院今天「自為改判」，改判無期徒刑定讞。

　　理由是：……屬於殺人的間接故意，而不是直接故意，不符合判《兩公約》規定要處死刑啊要具備殺人直接故意的要件。所以本院依法撤銷原審判決，改判無期徒刑，褫奪公權終身。（最高法院刑事發言人徐昌錦庭長）

　　首先，我先看了《公民與政治權利國際公約》第六條，並沒有必須直接故意殺人才可以判死刑這樣的要件。再到處查，只有查到台灣廢除死刑推動聯盟《台灣死刑判決報告～75位死刑犯判決綜合分析》裡面有以下這段：
「……
其中所謂「情節最重大之罪」，依人權事務委員會相關解釋，雖限於「蓄意殺害並造成生命喪失」（there was an intention to kill which resulted the loss of life），然此僅屬公政公約因應不同國家刑事法制度所設之「最低度要求」。
依此，非謂凡犯「殺人罪」者即均應處以死刑；又應將「未發生死亡結果」或「不確定故意」之犯罪排除於「情節最重大之罪」範圍外
……」

　　經由一些文獻指引，找到公民與政治權利國際公約第36號一般性意見第35點，原文節錄：「The term “the most serious crimes” must be read restrictively and appertain only to crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentional killing.（僅限於涉及故意殺人的極嚴重罪行。） Crimes not resulting directly and intentionally in death,（未直接和故意導致死亡的罪行，） such as drug offences, attempted murder, corruption and other economic [and political] crimes, armed robbery, piracy, abduction, and sexual offences, although serious in nature, can never justify, within the framework of article 6, the imposition of the death penalty.」簡而言之，必須「故意殺人」，而且「直接、故意地導致死亡」，才能判處死刑。本段落並列舉包含毒品罪、殺人未遂罪、武力強盜、海盜及性侵害犯罪等罪，不能宣告死刑。

這段英文出自A/HRC/4/20，解釋「情節最重大之罪」：「The requirement of human rights law that the death penalty should be imposed only for the “most serious crimes” continues to be interpreted subjectively by certain States. The report examines the travaux of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, surveys the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee, and analyses the comments by the Secretary-General, principles declared by the Economic and Social Council and the Commission on Human Rights and concludes that, if it is to comply with the most serious crimes restriction, the death penalty can only be imposed in cases where it can be shown that there was an intention to kill which resulted in the loss of life. 」

　　首先，第一個問題是，英文「intentional/intentionally」，是否包含「不確定故意」？如果從英美法的角度，犯罪的主觀要素分類大致上有intentional, reckless, negligence等，如果並沒有強烈的意圖（intention），但是能預見而去做某些行為會侵害法益，仍然去做，也會構成魯莽（reckless），以殺人罪為例，魯莽行為致死會構成involuntary manslaughter（英美法的殺人罪有很多種，這邊姑且翻譯成「比較嚴重的過失致死」）通常會比murder（謀殺）的罪輕很多。

　　（這邊以美國為例）你以為美國刑法會用魯莽殺人（過失致死）輕易放下強盜致死、縱火致死、強姦致死的人嗎？在大部分的立法例裡，只要犯下重罪（felony，能判超過一年徒刑的，全都是重罪）致人於死，而且沒有嚴重違背因果歷程的，都會被被擬制為「謀殺」，稱為「重罪謀殺」（felony murder），所以即使行為人在強盜過程中，被害人嚇到跌倒死亡，或者結夥搶劫，你的同伴把被害人槍殺，自己也要成立「重罪謀殺罪」。這個理論是基於「移轉的故意」（transferred intent），意思是說，你在做某些危險的事，就該知道那件事可能發生的危害，對實際發生的危害直接當成是故意所為的。

　　言歸正傳，我國除了毒品罪、海盜罪還有很多奇奇怪怪的罪不用殺死人就可以判死刑以外，強盜致死、擄人勒贖致死，都不用殺人故意，就可以判死刑。

　　運輸一級毒品，或者強盜沒有殺人故意，根據《刑法》都可以判死刑，更遑論不確定故意的殺人了。不過根據「《兩公約》規定必須具有殺人的直接故意」才能判處死刑的這個說法，以上這些通通不能判死刑，所以應該可以說，《刑法》裡面許多死刑的規定，是只能嚇人用。

　　或者說，《兩公約》真的是當年總統、立法者、學者們想的這樣嗎？

歡迎指正與提供意見。

鮮菠蘿咕嚕肉 6/10 Fresh Pineapple 🍍 Sweet & Sour Pork.

Rumor in Hong Kong back then, was that Fook Lam Moon 福臨門 once got rejected a Michelin 🌟, because their Goo Lo Yuk only carried a singular Green Pepper 青椒, instead of mixed. 🤣🤣 Since that is part of the original recipe not just for colors. But of course it is much more complex than that, just look at the good old proper #錦鹵雲吞, #五柳汁 micro recipes. May be 1 day I should write a book about Cantonese food somehow lol together with 知心友 😂 since many details are forgotten nowadays sigh

In this small yet famous shop here, the Fried Pork is in an elongated shape, which I am subjectively not a fan of, also its grainy batter is sort of weird. It also comes with sauce on the side, which in itself is a taboo since Kitchens are usually judged by how well they coat the fried pork with the sauce, after leaving the wok 離鑊. The sauce is not bad, but somehow if u smell it, it attacks your nostrils like it's using a bad vinegar. I know it sounds a bit weird, but for some reason, u can almost judge this recipe by smelling alone 🤔 Upon tasting it, its still a bit off balance and dark, but u can tell they have dissolved some Hawthorn berry chips 山楂餅 into it.

#Editorial AppleDailyTW | "The Hong Kong government’s manipulation of draconian laws is proof that the rule of law in Hong Kong now exists in name only. They have even become a tool for the government to restrict and suppress freedom of speech and freedom of assembly and association. Law enforcement officers can trample on the dignity of people with iron chains, while the judiciary is prejudiced by preconceptions and can make a ruling to subjectively and preventively detain someone. Among those prosecuted by the Hong Kong government this time are Jimmy Lai, an iconic founder of a news organization, and lawyers and former legislators. They are all iconic figures in the fight for democracy and freedom. The fact that these people are being persecuted shows the extent of the serious deterioration of the rule of law in Hong Kong, which deserves great attention from democratic countries."

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Bloody Tyrant's upcoming album HAGAKURE, set to be released in 2018, has differed from the previous fast, aggressive musical direction, and has instead changed into more of a folk metal influence while exploring the mysterious sense of Japanese zen style.
The new album HAGAKURE talks about the minds of the samurai, philosophy of life and death, and subjectively ruminate and reflect upon the ways of the samurai.
-
暴君2018年發行新專輯《HAGAKURE》，完全轉型新曲風，一改過往的高速、衝擊，轉變為帶有日本孤峭禪意的民謠金屬團。
新專輯《HAGAKURE》，論武士心性，論死亡哲學，也客觀寫下對武士道的反芻與省思。
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Guitar: Chi-An Lin 林祈安
Guitar: Jon Chang
Bass: Willy Tai 戴敬緯
Vocal: Kenneth Yao 饒亞哲
Drums: Chris Yeh 葉濬誠
Mixing & Mastering: QAQ Production
https://www.facebook.com/qaqproduction/
Acoustic Guitar: 林慧如(小歐)
Oboe: 盛涵
Cello：張哲瑜
Piano：KOBA 林品維
Pipa: Yu Lai 瑜子
Twitter：https://twitter.com/BloodyTyrantTW
Facebook：https://www.facebook.com/BloodyTyrantTW
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Lyric:
No matter how deep my wounds might be,
I ignore them, as though they do not exist.
All the scars are eradicated,
Through the wind and the sunlight.
The pain impacts me with its entire might,
I have buried all the grief I have endured,
Buried it deep down in my heart and piled it high,
Building a tower of sadness.

Forget the scenes I saw,
Forget the pain I felt,
Try not to exude tears,
Try not to conceal my wounds.
Look! The death of my beloved,
And all the farewells.
Feelings do not harm me,
I must become emotionless.
All the sorrow must be gone,
Walk away and leave it behind,
I will never collapse,
I will never cease.
Emotions consolidate,
Into bricks of grief.
Brick by miserable brick,
Witness the tower arise.

Enter the tower.
Enter the tower.
Enter the tower.
Enter the tower.