雷根斯堡小故事 3
在樹林裡, 最讓人驚豔的是什麼呢? 對我來說是那些在地面上, 樹上, 石頭邊長出來的小野菇, 各種形狀, 多種顏色。最常被用在各種祝福場合上的是誤食就會產生幻覺的毒蠅菇。或許是因為它討喜的顏色? 又, 或許是因為認得出來不要吃到就能保一命那種確幸? 還是因為它的功效呢?
毒...
雷根斯堡小故事 3
在樹林裡, 最讓人驚豔的是什麼呢? 對我來說是那些在地面上, 樹上, 石頭邊長出來的小野菇, 各種形狀, 多種顏色。最常被用在各種祝福場合上的是誤食就會產生幻覺的毒蠅菇。或許是因為它討喜的顏色? 又, 或許是因為認得出來不要吃到就能保一命那種確幸? 還是因為它的功效呢?
毒蠅菇的造型就是這樣紅色的傘, 和白色的小點, 走在公園裡面突然看到這樣的造型也絕對會被吸引住。而雷根斯堡火車站附近的公園裡, 就有這樣一個毒菇造型的亭子。
當時的天氣又冷還有殘雪, 縱使有些微的陽光也起不了保暖的作用。毒菇亭子沒有開, 卻也不是一個被遺棄的模樣。一定還有什麼作用吧?
在記憶裡搜尋各地看過的亭子影像, 康士坦茲湖邊小鎮的草莓亭子通常都是在賣新鮮當季蔬果的, 除了草莓和櫻桃, 新鮮白筍以及南瓜等等也都會選擇適當的時機現身在草莓小亭裡。可是野菇! 毒菇! 總不會有人在這裡賣毒菇吧?! 野菇也不是一個適合販售的食物, 若有, 僅僅限於夏秋時候的兩三種種類, 可也不會是在特殊的亭子販售, 而是大把大把放在籃子裡, 置放於農夫市集的攤位。
毒蠅菇小亭到底賣什麼膏藥?
幾年後在奧地利的布列根茲看到一個類似的小亭, 十一月底一樣不開放, 小亭窗子有著配合造型的紅底白點窗簾, 牆身上面寫著牛奶飲品, 當地牛奶, 和小吃。造型依然可愛, 身分依舊迷幻。
直到去年在打算怎樣介紹中歐的雜貨店時, 終於發現了毒菇小亭的真面目。
話說, 這個毒菇小亭確實是個迷你雜貨店呢! 小雜貨店的德文名稱很多, 端看各個地區的喜好和小雜的主要販售物, 在柏林可能是匿稱為 Späti, 從Spätverkauf (延長販售時間的小店) 而來; 在西德主要的工業區(Ruhrgebiet) 就有 Bude 的名稱, 不遠的科隆和杜賽杜夫則是暱稱 Büdchen。 北部和南部德國以及瑞士都稱這種小雜為 Kiosk。
這些小雜販售的東西很雜, 可謂是德國的便利商店。菸酒, 報章雜誌, 簡單民生用品, 一些食物, 口香糖和樂透, 小零食等等都是小雜會販售的品項。一開始含有酒精的飲品是被禁止販售的, 到了十九世紀後半才開始販售酒精飲料。 但是, 小雜需要的空間偏多, 毒菇小亭真的只是一個亭子耶!
在1950年左右的時候牛奶業者感受到販售處備受限制, 不僅販售地點減少, 飲品市場也被其他種的飲料佔去。為了改變這樣的狀況, 他們希望能夠有特別的販售亭, 好比康士坦茲湖邊那些專門販售農家產品的草莓小亭一樣。奇妙的是, 業者不選用乳牛或者牛奶罐的造型, 而是決定配合原始涼亭的形狀而做出野菇造型。看起來很是可愛, 也絕對吸睛。
這樣的奶製品販售不是只有德國才有, 1930年左右的時候美國就有牛奶吧 (Milk Bar), 一樣也是因為禁止販售酒精飲料而發展, 且一開始真的就是只有賣飲料和冰淇淋而已。說實在的, 這不就跟我們的飲料舖差不多嗎? 延伸到其他的國家之後, 在50 和 60年代盛行, 可是現在歐美幾乎沒有這種純賣無酒精飲料的地方了。波蘭的牛奶吧還在, 不過大部分都是販售傳統波蘭食物。(而且隱身各大建築物, 很難找)
回到雷根斯堡的毒菇小亭, 這是原裝版本, 到現在一直還沒有更改, 而且是史上第二個(第一個是在Bayreuth)。目前的功用一樣是個飲料舖, 可是不賣牛奶改賣咖啡。夏季的時候會擺個三張桌子, 一些椅子, 現煮咖啡以及糕點方便在公園裡面來來往往的人客享用, 據各方評價, 他們的咖啡真的很好喝呢!
琳島島上的毒菇小亭則是一個小雜, 夏天的時候一樣會有桌椅讓客人暫時休息。就位置看來是在大型遊覽巴士的停車處附近, 可惜的是, 之前去琳島拜訪沒有遇到它。
至於布列根茲的毒菇小亭就在藝術博物館附近, 從碼頭下船之後前往舊城中心的路上就會遇到。這是唯一一個依照傳統販售奶製品的小亭。
目前上面這三個都已經受到文物保護, 所以非常確定是不會被拆除的。其他的可以參考維基百科上面的列單。
如果大家也能承租這樣一個可愛的毒菇小亭, 你們會用來做什麼呢? 或者打算販售什麼呢?
#毒菇小亭 #雷根斯堡小故事 #雷根斯堡 #德國旅行 #Regensburg #milchpilz #pilzkiosk #germany #travelgermany
ruhrgebiet 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文
เยอรมันเริ่มแจกคูปองสำหรับแลกซื้อหน้ากากในราคาพิเศษ "แต่แอบมีความผิดพลาด!!!"
ตอนนี้หลายๆ คนอาจจะกำลังเริ่มได้รับคูปองจากรัฐบาลเยอรมันในการแลกซื้อหน้ากากในกรณีพิเศษ
จากรัฐบาลเยอรมันที่ให้คนที่อายุเกิน 60 ปี และคนที่อยู่ในกลุ่มเสี่ยงสูง เช่นกลุ่มคนที่เป็นโรคเกี่ยวกับทางเดินหายใจ
โดยคูปองดังกล่าวนั้นผู้ที่ได้รับสามารถนำไปแลกซื้อหน้ากาก FFP-2 จำนวน 6 ชิ้นในราคา 2 ยูโรหรือก็คือ 6 ชิ้นประมาณ 70 บาท
โดยจะแบ่งเป็นคูปองจำนวน 2 ใบซึ่งใบแรกจะต้องแลกภายใน 28.02.21 และใบที่สองจะต้องแลกภายใน 15.04.21
แต่ก็แอบมีความผิดพลาดหน่อยๆ เช่น ระบบนั้นกรองแต่ผู้ป่วยในกลุ่มเสี่ยงโดยที่ไม่ได้คำนึงถึงอายุ จึงทำให้มีเด็กเล็กจำนวนมากที่ก่อนหน้านี้ทางการออกมาแนะนำว่าไม่ควรให้เด็กเล็กเกินไปใส่หน้ากากชนิด FFP-2 ได้รับคูปองดังกล่าวไปด้วยเป็นจำนวนมาก และก็ความผิดพลาดทางรายชื่ออื่นๆ
"แม้แต่ผู้นำรัฐ Bayern อย่าง Markus Söder ก็ยังได้รับคูปองดังกล่าวเช่นกันมาแบบ งงๆ แต่แกก็บอกว่าจะไม่ใช้และจะคืนคูปองดังกล่าวเพื่อให้คนอื่นได้รับสิทธิครับ"
#พ่อบ้านเยอรมัน #เยอรมนี #เยอรมัน #germany #german
ที่มาและข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม: RTL, WDL และ Berliner-Zeitung
https://www.rtl.de/cms/ffp2-masken-fuer-risikogruppen-wer-bekommt-einen-berechtigungsschein-und-wie-laeuft-die-vergabe-ab-4683331.html
https://www1.wdr.de/nachrichten/ruhrgebiet/maskenberechtigungsscheine-auch-fuer-kinder-100.html
https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/news/buerger-wundern-sich-ueber-gutscheine-fuer-ffp2-masken-li.136572
ruhrgebiet 在 ลงทุนแมน Facebook 的最佳貼文
ทำไม เยอรมนี จึงเป็นประเทศแห่ง วิศวกรรม? / โดย ลงทุนแมน
“เยอรมนี” ประเทศที่เป็นสุดยอดแห่งความก้าวหน้าทางวิศวกรรม
ตั้งแต่เครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้า เครื่องจักร ยานยนต์ ไปจนถึงระบบอาณัติสัญญาณรถไฟฟ้า
เครื่องมือเครื่องใช้สัญชาติเยอรมันถึงแม้จะมีราคาสูง...
Continue ReadingWhy is Germany a country of engineering? / By Investing Man
′′ Germany ′′ the top country of engineering advancement
From electrical appliances, automotive to mandatory system, electric car signals.
German Citizenship Tools Even With High Prices
But it comes with more performance, durability and innovation than anyone.
Many companies that are even over 100 years old.
But these German brands still guarantee their unmatched quality and expertise.
And where does Germany's engineering progress come from?
Welcome to the article series ′′ Branding the Nation ′′ branding instead of country.
Episode why is Germany a country of engineering?
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Investman wants to take everyone back to the 19th century industrial revolution era.
As many people already know that
Britain is the first country in the world to have an industrial revolution since July. B.E. 1780
Followed by Belgium and France
While the economy of other countries in Europe is turning through to progress.
Germany just reunited countries by land which is now Germany. Just completely united for the first time on July. Year 1871 which is the same as the reign of King Rama 5 of the Kingdom of Siam.
From the gathering of German tribes led by the Northern Prussian Kingdom.
With little and big south under the lead of Emperor Wilhelm 1
And Prime Minister Ottoffon Bi Mark
The industrial revolution later made Germans not want to waste their time. Try wrong, try right.
To develop the country to thrive.
The important thing in this regard is to put the process of education and research systematically, therefore, the government puts ′′ education reform ′′ first.
Even many European countries have founded the university since medieval times.
But Europe's academics won't be much involved in the business and industry.
Academics are posing as ′′ gentlemen ′′ not doing business and not messing with industrial sector.
The mechanics, technicians, or anyone involved in the industrial sector will be seen as lower than academics.
But German education doesn't look that way..
With Germany's absence of colony and its revolutionizing industrial slower than many countries.
The only thing that could make the Empire that was recently advanced further than others.
It's scientific advancement, especially in ′′ applied science
Under the lead of Bismarck, huge educational budgeting occurred.
Educational welfare is founded in technical college.
Educational emphasis on Technician and Engineering Career Specifically
Berlin's Technical College of Berlin was established in Year B.E. 1879
Developed from the college of mining that was founded in kho. B.E. 1770
This place is currently the Technical University of Berlin (Technische Universität Berlin)
Apart from Berlin
Technical universities are also established at other states around the country during the evacuation time.
Technical University of Darmstutt, established in July. B.E. 1877
Hannopher Technical University established in July B.E. 1879
Having a unique university in Technician and Engineering
Make a lot of workforce and technicians
When these workers graduate, they can enter into industrial sector immediately.
Government also supports universities to cooperate with industrial sector.
There is a collaborative research between academics and businessmen in industry circles.
Engineering research is easily implemented in the business world.
When businesses can make profit, they give money back to support research.
Later on, many big companies start having their own research and development institutions.
Germany's engineering development is growing in a leap.
Especially in the steel industry.
The German Empire Steel Industry Center is located around the Roore River Valley.
Aka Ruhrgebiet (Ruhrgebiet) which is west of the country.
This area is a major source of iron and coal mineral, with an epicenter in Esseen.
But originally, most steel industries use mild steel, these iron are fragile.
Make it not yet applied for much use.
For steel to be stronger and more durable, it is necessary to transform the chemical structure of steel by fusing and filling the mineral into steel.
But ironing requires a very high temperature at the moment, no effective and cost effective stove for production.
How to produce Siemens-Martin Steel
Which was invented in July. 1865 by 2 researchers
One of them is German named Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens
Created an accelerated steel squid oven that can heat up to 1,500 degrees Celsius.
It's called a pan stove or open hearth furnace.
With education system that strongly connects research and industrial sector.
Not long ago, German steel company brought a new refiner.
xỳāng rwdrĕw application in the steel industry
Led by steel company called ′′ Krupp ′′
Krupp company founded by the Krupp family has a history back to mid 16th century.
There is an office located in Esseen during which German railway expands rapidly.
Esen City becomes the center of the steel industry.
Krupp company also leads to manufacturing metal-based products such as railroad tracks and locomotives.
Alfred Krupp has funded research to find out how to produce steel.
Scholarship to the scholars when a new refiner comes out successfully.
Krupp company has become a leader in global export steel production.
From railroad tracks, development to machinery and factories.
Not long ago, Germany was on board, Europe's major steel manufacturer overtakes England.
Krupp company currently has merged with Thyssen steel company.
Became a ′′ Thyssenkrupp ′′ company.
Even the steel industry is going to lower the role.
But Thyssenkrupp has continued to be a leader in engine parts.
Aircraft, elevator and escalator components.
Apart from the steel industry, another industry in which German engineering knowledge has advanced over many countries during the same time is the electrical industry.
Led by a company called ′′ Siemens ′′
Founder of this company is Werner von Siemens Berlin electric engineer
This is the real brother of Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens who invented steel production methods.
Werner von Siemens has automatically invented a typed telegram system.
Instead of knocking, using Morse code, then founded Siemens company in July. B.E. 1847
Siemens company has expanded its business across Europe and USA.
Werner von Siemens also the world's first electric elevator developer in July. B.E. 1880
The inventor of mechanical dynamo that transforms mechanical energy into electric energy.
And build an electric bus or Trolley Bus in July. B.E. 1882
Siemens are currently the world's leading electrical engineering company.
There are a variety of products from electronics, electric car, medical tools.
Electric train signal system to wind turbine technology
In addition to Thyssenkrupp and Siemens, the brand is under 100 years old.
Germany also has many engineering companies that all have the same age.
The whole Leica company founded in July. B.E. 1869
Expert in the production of eyelet lenses, medical devices and cameras.
AEG company founded in July. 1883 Manufacturer of large generator and tram system
Osram company separated from Siemens in July. Prof. 1909 is a leader in light bulb technology.
Dedication to developing applied science education and connecting to the business sector, opens new advancements in engineering.
And bring Germany to step up, standing in the front line of the world's leading industrial countries.
But not only the advancements in the steel and electrical industry.
Founded Technical University will produce important people in the science industry.
To take Germany to open the world into a new industry.
Industry that will forever change people's lifestyle
′′ The chemical industry "..
Prepare to meet the article series ′′ Branding the Nation ′′ to build brand instead of country.
In the next episode coming soon..
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Love this article. Must read this book.
′′ 1,000 year world economy ′′
If you want to know the possibilities of the world economy, you need to understand
1,000 year world economy, 6th print.
This book will talk about the history of the world economy since Fri 1100 Keep going until 1100 B.E. 2019
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References
- Robert C. Allen, World Economic History
- Chattip Nak Supha, History of Comparative Industrial Revolution
-.. .. Chachphon Kolkathada, a war that never won.
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_hearth_furnace
-https://www.thyssenkrupp.com/en/productsTranslated