民主國家必須團結一致捍衛我們的價值

外交部吳部長為華府智庫 #全球台灣研究中心 GTI 線上研討會預錄的演講中，呼籲 #民主陣營團結反制威權國家的威脅。

當前威權國家正發動一場反民主的意識型態戰爭，台灣身處民主對抗威權主義的最前線，也是與美國等理念相近國家共享民主、自由及人權等普世價值的夥伴。尤其，立陶宛因為深化與台灣的關係而遭到特定威權國家的打壓，美國已挺身表達對立陶宛的支持，我們歡迎美國等主要民主國家對越來越多的威脅，不斷示警，並透過雙邊和多邊管道正面回擊。

在威權國家試圖重塑以規則為基礎的國際體系當下，吳部長表示台灣非常願意與世界分享我們應對中國威脅的作法。

「只要團結一致，民主必將勝利，台灣必將勝利。」

MOFA Minister Joseph Wu pre-recorded a keynote speech for the “US-Taiwan Relations: Forging a 21st Century Agenda” online forum hosted by Washington-based policy incubator Global Taiwan Institute.

As Lithuania faces backlash from several authoritarian regimes, Minister Wu stressed the need for democracies to work in solidarity to defend our values against these authoritarian threats and Taiwan's role as an indispensable partner for the #UnitedStates and other democracies in today’s interconnected world.

He said that #Taiwan is more than willing to share our knowledge on ways to tackle China’s united-front tactics and threats to democracy as growing authoritarian power attempts to reshape the rules-based international system.

"By working together, democracy will prevail, and Taiwan will prevail."

//周日話題：當司法淪為政治壓迫的儀式，反抗是否仍然可能？

2021/9/5

【明報專訊】在今日香港，每日讀着匪夷所思的法庭新聞，畫幼童畫冊要還押，一句有無限詮釋的口號就係分裂國家情節嚴重，大概除了有權拘捕和有權審判的人以外，已無人相信政治案件還有公平審訊的可能。

然而莊嚴肅穆的法律程序，每日仍一絲不苟地進行着，用優雅文句專業術語寫判決，將一個個公民未審先送入監獄、重判異見者；但，偶爾，如果認罪認得早、求情信夠可信，如果警員證供真係矛盾到超過人類可接受範圍，還是會有好消息。

也還有法律界權威說，香港法治95至99%運作正常。

誠然，在一般人的想像中，司法淪陷並不是現在這樣，要到法官對政權言聽計從，警、檢、官全部都係佢嘅人，一條龍將異見者直送監獄個個判足10年才算——香港還遠遠沒到那一步，辯方仍可據理力爭、與控方互有攻防，有些法官還會講斥責控方／警方證人的人話；而「小勝」仍有，暴動、非法集結不是輕判、甚至無罪，國安案都有得保，政權眼中釘鄒幸彤昂首走出法院。公平審訊不可得，但「較佳」結果仍可能，官始終有「好壞」、「釘放」，律師辯才經驗都有高低長短，辯護策略、技術性疑點，求情內容……從輕發落，仍然可期。

但what if 這套仍有「希望」的司法制度，才對威權政體最有利？一啖砂糖一啖屎來回反覆，不斷將針對全社會的恐懼擴大，同時向被告發放「未絕望，仲有變數」的信息。

手足的一線生機，令司法也彷彿仍未徹底崩塌；而當重點只在被告的最大利益（最短刑期），審訊就只剩下認罪與否、如何避過定罪元素，行為和說話的意義可以有幾模糊，求情，見感化官幾有悔意，保釋條件講到幾盡……

當掌握被告生殺大權的法院，成為政權壓迫系統的一部分，已無人可以在司法制度中看得見達至公義的路徑，但個人利益最大化的路徑卻相當清晰：它正在誘使被控告者將個人利益置於首要、唯一的考慮，與運動、甚至過去的自己割裂開來。在此過程中，透過被告自我否定，消解受審事件的政治意義，將符合政權敘事的新現實強加社會。政治案件被告選擇走上個人利益最大化的路徑，就要參與政權劃定的「法律」框架，無可避免被融入政治壓迫正當化的程序。

由此，政治犯身上，似乎出現一個兩難：自己的best interest，與自己對行動／所信之事的理解，在法律程序中必然衝突。身處此結構當中，面對結果已定的政治審訊，我想知道，反抗是否仍然可能？

一、法院作為威權體制的一部分：The legitimacy paradox

（或者這篇文將來要拿去呈堂呢……所以我更需要認真地、引經據典地討論這個問題：）一個仍享有「獨立」地位的司法體系，為何會「自主」地傾向威權，成為政權壓制意見與反抗最關鍵的工具？

在香港的公共論述中，「法治」往往與「公義」直接掛鈎，但不同時空、地域的前例已顯示，法治、司法獨立、程序公正、政治審判與威權統治，可以並行不悖，甚至相互依存。如果法院不能為政權所用，早就落得如公民社會其他範疇一樣的下場；威權之下，法院本就無遺世獨立、做「公義最後防線」的條件。

學者M. Shapiro如此描述威權下法院面對的Legitimacy paradox（正當性悖論）：

「法院若挑戰政權的不公義，會引發政權加強箝制，無法保持獨立而失卻正當性；但法院若迎合政權，則會在公共眼中不再獨立，同樣失卻正當性。即使法院取得平衡，維持到自身的正當性，這份正當性卻只會令威權整體更具正當性。」[1]

① 面對政治檢控 無知即力量

目前政權瘋狂清洗公民社會不同範疇，祭出的說辭是「法律」（「我哋只有一把尺就係『依法辦事』，總之你犯法我哋就會執法」，蕭澤頤），手法是拉晒啲人上法庭直接還押，或以此為威脅。

不同威權政體的例子告訴我們，政權的合法性來源（革命功績／經濟成果／意識形態）愈疲弱，就愈須倚仗「法律」、「法院」、「法治」，利用程序與「法」的正當性，解決自身無足夠能量處理的政治問題，迴避政治後果。與不確定性較大的選舉或隨時反噬的暴力鎮壓相比，具有「超然政治之上」光環的法院，是成本最低的選擇。

於是政權不斷將政治問題推向法院，法院則一邊強調「只處理法律問題」，一邊被迫作出各種政治判斷：徐子見或危害國安而鄒家成不會，難道是沒有政治判斷的司法認知？「水炮車係權威嘅象徵」，又如何不是一個政治判斷？「只僵化地引用法律條文，不看條文及裁決是否符合法治精神，本身就是一個政治決定」（戴，2018）[2]

但既偏離法律範疇，法院又有何權威去做這些判斷？即是不計其政治立場有否偏頗，香港法官對政治的「司法認知」，分分鐘連一個中學生都不如（否則點會問李立峯「集會唔係有組織者嘅咩」或稱「不相信防暴警會眾目睽睽下說出『阿sir做嘢唔×使你教』」）。結果，法庭往往全盤接受控方版本，還自詡專業公正、不受民粹左右；政權則用法院判決為政治打壓正名，以「尊重司法獨立」為名，神化法官及裁決，壓制質疑。

② 為免被人推翻，先要自我推翻

威權政體往往牢控立法、修憲權力，一旦法院判決偏離其掌控，即可透過修改法律，推翻法院判決。要確保法院「醒醒定定」，唔使用劍亦唔使提法官有老婆仔女，只需讓法院知道自己的判決隨時可以被政權無效化就夠。若判決無人尊重，法院的存在亦無意義；為了維持自己剩餘的獨立、自主與權威，法院有誘因順從政權（但無乜誘因諗人權）。

於是我們不時見到「我輕判你，一陣DOJ又覆核㗎啦」，以及「一陣人大釋法咪仲大鑊，香港發展嘅空間又會再細咗」，裁判官選擇直接重判，高院上訴庭和終院選擇在人大出手前先自我調節。於是，港澳辦副主任鄧中華盛讚香港法院「對國安法形成了正確認識，特別在保釋、陪審團，指定法官制度……較好地落實了立法原意」。

直頭摸頭讚你乖。「如何判決不至引來政權干預」，與「如何判決才能讓政權滿意」，其實是同一回事。在威權法治下，法官究竟有否「捍衛法治」的意圖，都改變不了他們正在將政權對異見者的壓迫正當化的事實；而香港法官連僅餘的人權保障空間亦不善用，更令人質疑其正在利用社會對釋法的疑慮，積極地迎合政權。當你為了保存自己而無制限地妥協時，你想保存的早就被你親手斷送了。

③ 選擇性裁決 鞏固無力感

「正當性」不過一重外衣。法院對抗爭共同體真正造成的傷害，遠不至於此。

政治壓迫的司法化（Judicialization of oppression）將打壓針對少數、個別人的特例，轉化為可穩定地恆常操作的系統；最穩定的不是僵化地有殺錯無放過，而是充滿彈性、可鬆可緊，令人愈觸摸愈觸不到，但又無法脫離其威脅，已足以透過恐懼牽制整個社會（簡單來講，即係國安法啲保釋咁）。

一個「自主」的法院，全權掌握對任何人任意趕盡殺絕的權力，但又始終保留「放過」個別人的可能性，令焦點從檢控和羈押本身的正當性，轉向研究怎樣的官司策略，才能成為個別被放過的人：只是一個「可能」，足以耗盡抗爭陣營絕大部分資源、關注、心神、情感能量，甚至意志。

最折磨人心的從來不是恐懼，而是「希望」：無力感會在反覆的徒勞嘗試與無常的滅頂之災中生根，直至行動的可能被徹底蠶食。

二、不要被政權奪走詮釋敘事的權力

「一場政治審訊，是在一個可見的場域，由對立的各方就法律秩序規範正當性爭辯，而不僅僅關乎當前司法框架下官司的勝敗。」[3]

一場審訊所影響的，遠不只是一個抗爭者個體的命運，關鍵政治案件尤其——營造恐懼與不確定，消耗民間社會，建構政權要的敘事，改寫集體記憶，徹底改造一個社會的政治空間，才是威權下政治審訊的作用。

法院之所以對政權重要，還因其「展示」的功能：政權要你消失、要你沉默，還要你自我推翻、背棄同儕，即使毋須像蘇聯show trial一樣對黨國感激涕零，也要你以順從來認可這套儀式。它從不需要你心悅誠服，違心的配合，正好助其維繫以恐懼牽制所有人的壓迫系統。「留得青山在」實是一場無限滑坡，達至個人最低刑期之法，也包括成為控方證人。如果看一場官司不僅僅關心刑期長短，認罪和配合與否的決定就包括你是否要對政權編造的「事實」，在法律程序中給予無條件的認可，讓法院亦因而免卻自身監察及制衡政權的責任，繼續扮超然。

唔知唐英傑判九年，多少人反應是「早知就應該認啦，扣三分一好過」？唐的想法只有他自己知道，但決定不認罪時，他想必衡量過敗訴要承受的後果。因是經審訊定罪，法院就必須在判辭中清晰交代理據，於是條文本身的缺陷，法官對政治問題的獨斷，對基本人權的無視，對政權敘事的投誠，對合理質疑的左閃右避，都在判辭中一清二楚。

這是一份根本無法自圓其說的判辭，「賣飛佛」是「因為兜多咗幾個街口所以情節嚴重」！

即使被困囿於這個系統，也不等於我們與政權的分歧，只能體現在程序與細節之中。我對「法治」並無任何執念，所謂法治精神，只是一個社會如何理解何謂「公義」的載體；而在司法是否合乎公義的問題上，政權抑或法官，都沒有凌駕任何公民之上的權威——普羅百姓（ordinary men）對法院的檢驗和監督，是普通法制的基礎。

今日香港法院所維護的而非公義，而是政權的利益；法院對法律與「事實」近乎絕對的詮釋權力，也非來自對法律／法治的權威理解，而僅僅來自一言不合就可以全無合理解釋將異見者收監的制度暴力。當法院的權威，要靠拿攝錄機對準公眾席，隨時將旁聽公眾收監的威脅來維持，這座法院還有何正當性可言？

政權正努力地以司法改造，消滅抗爭敘事，但在它放棄司法作為合法性外衣——轉為閉門審訊——之前，它都必須給予被審判者說話的空間。就在此空間中，我們要與政權爭奪的正當性的話語權，不容政權壟斷對公義的詮釋，不容審訊歪曲記憶與事實，不容法官迴避自身真正的責任。

政權利用司法與其他工具散播恐懼與無力的目的，是改變「香港」之所以為「香港」的一切意涵，徹底否定「香港」的存在。而我們每一個行動與選擇，都在抵抗與反擊政權對香港的強行扭曲，重新定義香港之所以為香港的本質。

這本就是一個永不會完成的使命。

Best interest是什麼？

當然，被拋入「政治犯」身位， 不等於就有在政治審訊中頑抗的責任；法庭不是唯一的戰場，也無人有義務犧牲自己的best interest去嘗試開拓。

但這個討論的缺口在：究竟所謂一個人的best interest是什麼？在律師、官司與法庭的語境，它必然等同獲批保釋或最低刑期，因而必然和運動對立。

「唔好諗其他嘢啦，你都要諗吓自己」都聽唔少。於是我好認真咁「諗自己」：究竟我的best interest是什麼？

是自由地說話，是在一個真正開放的公共空間，與其他自由的人建立有意義的連結；是始終可以用批判的精神思考任何現象，挑戰一切定見，即使自詡為歷史必然，不以人的意志轉移的巨大結構；是體認自己一切行動的意義，不因任何強制或壓迫而扭曲。

所以我必須直面這一個戰場。

法院要如何面對它的paradox，是法院的責任和決定（吓，唔使幫你諗埋啩？）；但於我，那個政治犯面對、諗自己定諗個運動的paradox其實係假的。政權及為其所用的司法機器正試圖將我從共同體中割裂出來，再透過抹殺我作為個體的存在，否定共同體的存在；若我始終拒絕被抹殺、拒絕自我否定，拒絕成為政權營造恐怖的一部分，透過固守自身，就同時固守了共同體的一部分，令其不至消亡。

自我正是已突破壓迫的姿態所定義，而「香港」的存在，就是有一個個仍未被威權同化的個體的自我所組成。即使因隔阻而無法感應到共同體是否仍然存在，即使眼見她已破碎成無數相互拉扯的平行現實，要重新找到她，其實只需反照自身便可。

身處各異的困境中，每個人的best interest都不同，只有自己知道最適合自己的方向和角色是什麼。不論在怎樣的紛擾與壓迫下，依然忠於自己，就是一個人可為自己、同時為自己所認同的共同體能做的最重要的事。而兩者，本就無從分割。

[1] Shapiro, M. (2008). Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. In T. Ginsburg & T. Moustafa (Eds.), Rule by Law: The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press.

[2] 戴耀廷（2018）《法治的挑戰： 威權下的思考》

[3] Schervish, Paul G. (1984). Political Trials and the Social Construction of Deviance. Qualitative Sociology. Vol.7

文˙何桂藍

編輯•王翠麗 //

中國威權主義正在擴大影響，民主國家必須團結

外交部吳部長接受 #奧地利標準報 視訊專訪，爭取歐洲民眾支持！部長說台灣與其他民主國家共享價值，但同時受到威權國家的複合式威脅及假訊息攻擊。他也談到立陶宛近期因將設立「台灣代表處」而面臨來自中國等國家的混合壓力， #歐盟及北約應採取更具體措施來聲援內部成員國，展現民主陣營不受威權脅迫的立場。

吳部長說，近期許多國家都強調兩岸和平與穩定的必要性，美國更是台灣的重要夥伴，對台灣政策具有一致性。面對中國越來越頻繁的文攻武嚇，台灣不會屈服，#我們理解退讓不會帶來和平，只有堅實的自我防衛與堅定的信念，才能捍衛國土安全。

In a recent interview with DER STANDARD , MOFA Minister Joseph Wu stated that as well as sharing #CommonValues, #Taiwan and #EU countries face the common threat of hybrid warfare and disinformation from authoritarian regimes. He also touched on the retaliatory trade measures taken against #Lithuania by China for allowing the establishment of a Taiwanese representative office in the country and called on the EU to be more forthright in supporting its member nations. Taiwan is garnering more and more international support from democratic countries, such as #Japan, the #US and #Australia.

Minister Wu also expressed that US is an important partner to Taiwan, despite the attempts in Chinese media to undermine Taiwanese trust with comparisons to Afghanistan. He characterized China’s increasingly aggressive behavior in its foreign policy an attempt to paper over internal pressures at home, particularly in #Xinjiang, #Tibet and #HongKong. Taiwan will not succumb to pressure from China and it is clear that any concessions made will not bring peace. Taiwan will safeguard its own security by ensuring we can defend ourselves.

After struggling with my fitness regime post pageant, I decided to take a step towards bettering my health. Dedicating myself to riding and rowing at Ministry Of Burn felt like an easy thing to do however, sharing my journey is scary.

We tend to brush aside the fact that starting a fitness regime is no easy task - we are constantly bombarded with pictures and videos of people who have been doing their regimes for years, thinking that it's simple, how we will get our 'goal bodies' in a couple of days and it clouds our minds to dismiss our progress and little achievements.

Ministry Of Burn taught me that no matter the struggle, it gets better and easier! Plus it's always nice to have encouraging, like-minded people around you who give you the support you need! #MOBSquad

I hope this video helps others realise that the struggle is REAL and that you're not alone.

For more information, check out www.ministryofburn.com

Enjoy!


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Post Comp Questions and Answers

1. How did you feel post comp felt?
i had the blues.. cause after the comp, my goal kinda ended. I was rather lost, cause the routine was broken. I felt goalless but that was important to let the body rest. I got enough rest physically i'd say, but mentally maybe not quite. Life continued, with work and everything else. Nature of my job, it's rather hard to take a break. But i'm making it work.

2.Did you manage to maintain your comp physique?
No. cause3 e everywhere fb er reed I ate food i usually avoided, so i bloated after 3 days.. My weight on comp day was 53kg but i'm currently at about 57.7kg, which I don't really mind. i was only suppose to cheat for one whoolllle day right after comp. But to the dismay of my coach to about 3 days. Then I tried to get back on track. I'm not going to say it's impossible to maintain an aesthetic physique, cause it is possible, but its up to how you want to live YOUR lifestyle. In order to maintain the body i had for comp, i have to keep up with the lifestyle. But i want to say that is my norm because I'm more aware on the food choices I make for MY body. Klootype.

3.Did you finally meet my coach?
Yes I did, I wasn't as emotional as i thought i would be. I'm just being the drama queen in my head.

4. What was the first thing i ate after comp?
A burger, fries , waffles, pancakes,

5. What was my Food/Macros like post Comp?
i went back to 1550-1600cals. The breakdown is the most important part.
Comp season - I was on 50g of carbs and below. Protein intake was very high and my fat was somewhere in the middle.
Off season - i'm on 70-75g of carbs. Protein is still higher than fat, but i'm allowing myself to have a bit more fat than before. You'd be surprise that an extra 20g of carbs is a lot! For example before if i were to eat about 7 rice cakes i would hit my 50g of carbs. But now i'm allowed up to 12 rice cakes for 75g of carbs.
I know numbers may seem like a pain, but like i said it's about making smarted choices and knowing how to manipulate food for your body.
On 75g of carbs, i noticed i didn't have as much definition as i did prior to 50g of carbs.

6.How will I do things differently?
My training program, i leave it up entirely to my coach.
I'm adding EMS to my training sessions now. 1-2 a week as prescribed by my coach.


Ensure my costume is ready a month in advance.

I'm going to make sure that makeup is all done in the morning and not 2-3 hours before. How i carb load up would also be different.

7. What's your motivation?
I want to get Top 5!

I am my motivation. My family is my motivation. I do the things that I do because i believe that God has a higher purpose for me and I know that it has something to do with helping others. Fitness and Mental wellness goes hand in hand. Doing this comp gears me to improve myself. If I can put myself through this anyone else can. Nothing is impossible, it's just a matter of whether you are willing to sacrifice certain things.


Would i recommend someone to join a comp?
Yes! While competing may not be for everyone, but I do recommend it, because what you learn from the process is so worth it. I've said it before, you get a better understanding of yourself and your body. Having said that, I highly recommend for girls who are about to start taking part to find a good coach that knows about nutrition, training regimes and hormones well. Girls who I hear are eating 1000 calories or even doing cardio for 2 hours in a day, well... I reserve my comments but there is always an alternative and healthier ways to get ready aesthetically, without causing harm to your body.

Will I Compete Again?
Yes I will. I'm aiming for a show in 3months time. This will be a lot harder and a much bigger stage.

I have a different mindset going into this second comp. The first time, i went in with the mind, die die, i'm going to do it. In the past 2 and half months, I toyed with the idea of competing again. It was like as if I could choose not to do it and I could. Cause i've already gone through the challenge why do it again?? I have other priorities in life no?

I will do another comp because I want a new challenge. I want to learn more. Sure there are many ways of getting life lessons, but I found this journey to be a beneficial one. I'm going in this comp, cause I want to beat me!

I conquered the inner demons in my first comp. I have more amo and armour now - which are the knowledge and experience. So i want to try and take it a step further. How far can i challenge my physique, with all the external factors around me. I want to how to handle a stressful situations better.

Visit Me for more Fitness Tips and Regimes
web: http://www.linoralow.com
twitter: http://www.twitter.com/aronil
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I'm real into short intense workouts cause sometimes i don't have a lot of time. So try this circuit workout.

1 minute = 4 exercises, 15 seconds each
1. Mountainclimber
2. Burpee
3. Side Taps
4. Push Ups
5. Now REPEAT TWICE! if you can go more great! Go up till it's 6 sets. Keep pushing yourself.

You only have one body. Love it. Work it! ^_^

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Follow my journey to the stage as a bikini competitor
Please watch: "Week 1 Hectic Start to 2017"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXgLKpnMGMc
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