【經一速遞】移民政策推出後，英國成了港人移民勝地之一。受疫情等因素影響，當地各行業都急需大量人手，特別是藍領工種：例如倉庫工人、護理人員等。英國工會及行業商會促請政府放寬移民規則，以允許更多外國勞工入境。

據外媒報道，為避免食品供應中斷，位於林肯郡TH Clements and Son農場以時薪30英鎊（約315港元），相當於年薪62,000英鎊（約66萬港元）聘請工人採摘西蘭花、捲心菜，較英國大部分白領工資為高。另外，當地屠夫的平均時薪為9.29英鎊（約100港元）。平均年薪為22,442英鎊（約24萬港元）。而英國管道公司Pimlico Plumbers亦指出，他們正聘請50名熟練管道工程師，年薪最高更可達150,000英鎊（約160萬港元）。再者，英國連鎖超級市場Waitrose決定以年薪53,780英鎊（約57萬港元）的高薪招聘貨車司機，薪金甚至高過該公司總部的金融分析師（年薪約46,700英鎊），亦高過當地教師（40,880英鎊）、律師（43,190英鎊）和建築師（42,930 英鎊）的工資。

為解決行業人才不足的問題，業界更要求英國政府將司機添加到短缺職業名單中，允許新員工申請技術工人簽證（Skilled Worker Visas）。 然而，英國商務大臣Kwasi Kwarteng就敦促僱主幫助英國勞工應對不確定的未來，而非單單依賴外國勞動力。

#英國 #藍領 #移民 #屠夫 #司機 #工程師 #農夫 #經一速遞 #經濟一週 #ED_S3

Reinventing Workers for the Post-COVID Economy

The nation’s economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic will hinge ( ) to some extent ( ) on how quickly show managers can become electricians ( ), whether taxi drivers can become plumbers ( ), and how many cooks can manage software for a bank.

This is likely to prove especially problematic for millions of low-paid workers in service industries like retailing ( ), hospitality ( ), building maintenance and transportation, which may be permanently impaired ( ) or fundamentally transformed. What will janitors ( ) do if fewer people work in offices? What will waiters do if the urban restaurant ecosystem never recovers its density ( )?

Their prognosis ( ) is bleak ( ). Marcela Escobari, an economist at the Brookings Institution, warns that even if the economy adds jobs as the coronavirus risk fades ( ), “the rebound won’t help the people that have been hurt the most.”

Looking back over 16 years of data, Escobari finds that workers in the occupations ( ) most heavily hit since the spring will have a difficult time reinventing themselves. Taxi drivers, dancers and front-desk clerks have poor track records moving to jobs as, say, registered nurses, pipe layers or instrumentation technicians.

COVID is abruptly ( ) taking out a swath ( ) of jobs that were thought to be comparatively ( ) resilient ( ), in services that require personal contact with customers. And the jolt ( ) has landed squarely on workers with little or no education beyond high school, toiling ( ) in the low-wage service economy.

“The damage to the economy and particularly to workers will probably be longer lasting than we think it is going to be,” said Peter Beard, senior vice president at the Greater Houston Partnership, an economic development group.

What’s more, he said, COVID will intensify underlying ( ) dynamics ( ) that were already transforming ( ) the workplace. Automation ( ), for one, will most likely accelerate ( ) as employers seek to protect their businesses from future pandemics

The challenge is not insurmountable ( ). Yet despite scattered ( ) success stories, moving millions of workers into new occupations remains an enormous ( ) challenge.

“We need a New Deal ( ) for skills,” said Amit Sevak, president of Revature, a company that hires workers, trains them to use digital tools and helps place them in jobs. “President Roosevelt deployed ( ) the massive number of workers unemployed in the Great Depression on projects that created many of the dams ( ) and roads and bridges we have. We need something like that.”

勞工轉型以因應後疫情時代經濟

美國經濟能否從新型冠狀病毒影響下復甦，將在一定程度上取決於表演經理們要多久才能變成電工，計程車司機能否化身為水管工，以及有多少廚師能替銀行管理軟體。

這對零售業、餐旅業、建築維修和運輸業等服務業數百萬低薪工人來說，問題恐怕特別大。這些行業可能受到永久性損害或發生根本性改變。若辦公室裡人變少了，工友要做什麼呢？若都市餐廳生態系統繁盛不再，服務生又該如何？

他們的前景是黯淡的。布魯金斯學會經濟學家Marcela Escobari警告說，即使就業機會隨新型冠狀病毒疫情風險消退而增加，「經濟反彈也幫不了那些受創最重的人」。

Escobari檢視16年來的數據發現，今春以來受衝擊最大的一些職業，勞工將很難自我改造。計程車司機、舞者和櫃檯人員轉行從事護理師、舖管工或儀器技工等工作者十分有限。

新型冠狀病毒突然帶走了一大批原本被認為較不容易永久消失的工作，即需與客戶面對面接觸的服務工作。這一衝擊直接打擊到那些僅受過高中教育、在低薪服務經濟區塊中掙扎的勞工。

經濟發展組織大休士頓商會資深副總裁Peter Beard表示：「經濟、尤其是勞工們受害的時間，可能比我們預期的還要更長。」

他說，更重要的是，新型冠狀病毒疫情將強化已經在改變職場的潛在動力，自動化即為一例，由於雇主力求讓自己的企業未來不受大疫情影響，自動化極可能加速。

這項挑戰並非不能克服。然而，儘管有少數成功的例子，讓數百萬勞工轉業仍是巨大的挑戰。

雇用勞工後培訓他們使用數位工具，並幫他們找到工作的Revature公司總裁Amit Sevak說：「我們需要一項針對職業技能的新政。小羅斯福總統大蕭條時期把大量失業勞工投入工程計畫，興建了我們現在使用的水壩、道路與橋樑。我們需要這樣的東西。」

#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
#高中英文 #成人英文
#多益家教班 #商用英文
#國立大學外國語文學系講師

CocoPie&Raku_Dirty Plumbers
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