「每日英文閱讀分享#027-你有選擇障礙嗎？」​
​
今日文章：7 Strategies for Better Group Decision-Making​
​
作者提到了七個方法幫助我們在團隊討論中，更好地做出決策。​
1. Keep the group small when you need to make an important decision.​
因為超過7個人時，大家容易根據過去的信念或經驗來思考提出者的看法，3-5人的群組討論比較不會有此問題，又可以同時有不同的見解。​
​
2. Choose a heterogenous group over a homogenous one (most of the time).​
在複雜多工的任務下，異質團隊比同質團隊的表現佳，但是需要聚斂性思考的任務，則是應該要選擇同質團隊。因此，領導者必須要了解問題的種類。​
​
3. Appoint a strategic dissenter (or even two). ​
要有一個與團隊意見相反的人，可以挑戰團隊的決策。如果7人以上團隊，可能需要兩個意見相反的人，確保團隊的決定不會導向無腦的結果。​
​
4. Collect opinions independently.​
可以預防團隊中的成員不會跟隨別人意見，而能夠有自己看法​
​
5. Provide a safe space to speak up.​
作者提供三個小撇步，​
a. 專注回饋問題與討論的策略，而不是人​
b. 以建議為評論，而非命令​
c. 表達你在意feedback也很感激大家對於共同目標的奉獻​
​
6. Don’t over-rely on experts.​
可能會因為有專家的參與而對決策過度自信​
​
7. Share collective responsibility.​
當一個人籌劃全部的會議事項，大家會傾向聽他的，而偏離決策客觀性，最好可以依據各自的專長分配不同工作，也讓與會人員對這個決定有負責的感覺。​
​
個人心得：​
之前在參加八週實戰的時候，​
團隊總會因為很多大小事需要討論與解決問題，​
其實很容易陷入上面的迷思當中，​
這是對團隊滿好的提醒與幫助！​
​
本日分享片語：【devil’s advocate】​
​
今天的片語看起來跟惡魔代言人有關（路西法？​
這個片語起源於羅馬天主教會，​
在羅馬天主教中，在封聖過程中，對聖人資格進行審查與認定的教會律師，稱為助信者（英語：Promoter of the Faith，拉丁語：promotor fidei），俗稱魔鬼代言人（英語：devil's advocate，拉丁語：advocatus diaboli）。​
他們的職責是對於封聖候選人的資格進行質疑，挑戰他所行使的神蹟。跟魔鬼代言人進行辯論的另一方，稱為上帝代言人（英語：God's advocate，拉丁語：advocatus Dei，也稱為英語：Promoter of the Cause），他們負責支持封聖候選人，提出對他有利的理由。​
--維基百科​
​
所以devil’s advocate指的就是跟大眾或群體持不同意見的人，能激發團體的意見交流，讓團體能夠重新檢視對原有決策的判斷與思維。​
​
本文例句：One way to counter undesirable groupthink tendencies in teams is to appoint a “devil’s advocate.” This person is tasked with acting as a counterforce to the group’s consensus.​
​
​
#言之有物​
#英語學習​
#商業英文​
#BusinessEnglish​
#DecisionMaking​
#每日英文閱讀分享​
#一起來建立英文閱讀習慣吧

兄弟姊妹們，自己的世界要自己救。

Heaven 17 – (We don't need this)Fascist Groove Thang

(Everybody move to prove the groove)
Have you heard it on the news
About this fascist groove thang
Evil men with racist views
Spreading all across the land
Don't just sit there on your ass
Unlock that funky chaindance
Brothers, sisters shoot your best
We don't need this fascist groove thang
Brothers, sisters, we don't need this fascist groove thang

History will repeat itself
Crisis point we're near the hour
Counterforce will do no good
Hot you ass I feel your power
Hitler proves that funky stuff
Is not for you and me girl
Europe's an unhappy land
They've had their fascist groove thang

Brothers, sisters, we don't need this fascist groove thang
Democrats are out of power
Across that great wide ocean
Reagan's president elect
Fascist god in motion
Generals tell him what to do
Stop your good time dancing
Train their guns on me and you
Fascist thang advancing

Brothers, sisters, we don't need this fascist groove thang
Sisters, brothers lend a hand
Increase our population
Grab that groove thang by the throat
And throw it in the ocean
You're real tonight you move my soul
Let's cruise out of the dance war
Come out your house and dance your dance
Shake that fascist groove thang
(Shake it!)

【#香港研究推介】

中研院吳叡人老師剛剛在《Nations and Nationalism》發表了一篇期刊文章，比較香港、台灣和沖繩三地的本土／民族主義浪潮。

吳叡人老師指三地的本土／民族主義浪潮，都有著共同的歷史政治脈絡，即長期的社會基礎(Long-term social basis)，例如殖民地歷史、分裂與融合的經驗；而三地近年同樣面對集權式殖民／地緣政治霸權(Centralizing colonial and geopolitical centers) ── 對香港和台灣而言是中國、對沖繩來說則是日本和美國 ── 的壓迫，則催化了三地的本土／民族主義浪潮。吳叡人老師總結說，台灣由於實現了完全民主化，本土／民族主義已跟政權全面結合(Nationalism integrated into state institutions)，香港和沖繩則處於「沒有政權的本土／民族主義」(Stateless nationalism)的階段。

這篇文章應該是到目前為止，最全面地分析香港本土／民族主義的學術硏究，不可不讀。

按：吳叡人老師在文章中，總結了香港四大本土論述著作，包括《香港城邦論》、《香港民族論》、《香港民族史》和《香港革新論》，也大篇幅討論到《香港前途決議文》，希望我唔駛坐洗頭艇吧。

全文：http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/…/10.1111/nana.12251/abstract

〈The Lilliputian dreams: preliminary observations of nationalism in Okinawa, Taiwan and Hong Kong〉

Abstact:
This paper is a preliminary comparative analysis of three polity-seeking nationalisms that emerged in the contiguous peripheral areas – the overlapping ‘spheres of influence’ of three contending imperial centres: Taiwan, Okinawa and Hong Kong. Specifically, it examines and compares the pattern of nation-formation and the form, ideology and politics of nationalism in each case, and in doing so it tries to suggest a possible explanatory framework for the rise of these nationalisms. Its tentative conclusion is that the rise of nationalism in Taiwan, Okinawa and Hong Kong should be understood as a macro-historical sociological phenomenon caused by both the short-term penetration from centralizing colonial and geopolitical centre(s) that triggered nationalist mobilization in the periphery and the long-term process of peripheral nation-formation that created the social basis for mobilization. The three cases also demonstrate some other traits of anti-centre peripheral nationalism: they all adopted a similar ideological strategy of indigeneity, and all developed a differentiation between radical and pragmatic lines characteristic of minority or peripheral nationalisms. A final observation is that while the geopolitics of states in the region is powerfully shaping the development of the three nationalisms, interactions on the societal level may over time create a counterforce from below.

#香港研究 #香港研究學院 #學術期刊 #本土 #本土化 #本土主義 #民族 #民族主義

-----------------------------------
Follow me:
1. 即LIKE: https://www.facebook.com/brianfonghk
2. 將FB專頁設爲「搶先看」