20 CỤM TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA PHỔ BIẾN [Kèm ví dụ cụ thể]
▪to be harmful to … ≈ to be detrimental to …: có hại cho …
▪to have a negative effect on … ≈ to have an adverse impact on …: có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực lên …
▪the primary cause of … ≈ the principal cause of …: nguyên nhân chính của vấn đề gì
▪the main reason for … ≈ the primary reason for …: lý do chính cho vấn đề gì
▪every day ≈ on a daily basis: hàng ngày
▪every week ≈ on a weekly basis: hàng tuần
▪every year ≈ on an annual basis: hàng năm
▪nowadays ≈ these days ≈ today ≈ in modern society = in today’s society: ngày nay
▪to solve a problem ≈ to tackle an issue: giải quyết 1 vấn đề
▪in recent times ≈ in recent years: trong những năm gần đây
▪to lead to … ≈ to result in …: dẫn tới vấn đề gì
▪some people believe that … ≈ it is believed that …: một số người tin rằng …
▪others argue that … ≈ other people think that …: một số khác nghĩ rằng …
▪we do not need to … ≈ it is no longer necessary to …: không cần thiết làm gì
▪to be important ≈ to play an important role: quan trọng
▪benefits ≈ merits ≈ advantages ≈ beneficial effects: lợi ích
▪drawbacks ≈ disadvantages ≈ negative effects: bất lợi
▪solution ≈ measure ≈ approach: giải pháp
▪the best way to … ≈ the most effective method to …: cách tốt nhất để …
▪the government should … ≈ it is necessary for the government to …: chính phủ cần làm gì

PHẦN VÍ DỤ: https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/20-cum-tu-dong-nghia/
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【德多少，就得多少】
YOUR VIRTUES DETERMINE HOW MUCH YOU GET

最近家附近有建築工地，噪音多了。

客人聽我的聲音不會有問題，因為我的耳機有麥克風，但如果他們不戴有麥克風的耳機，我聽他們的聲音會比較辛苦。

幾天前，為一位年輕的保險經紀通過Zoom批八字。

他進入Zoom會議室後，呆看著我。

我微笑看著他，故意不出聲，觀察著他。

幾秒後，他才粗魯的說：「哈囉？!」

奇怪了，貴為一個保險經紀，見人應該無數，打招呼的方式，怎能這麼粗俗？我阿姨阿伯級的客人，雖不常用Zoom，都比他懂禮貌。

我馬上回：「X先生，您好。您進來會議室，怎麼打招呼這麼粗俗？」

「我一向來都是這樣先哈囉，有聲音我才正式打招呼。」

「我倒是從來不會這樣。」

其實，這是個人修養的問題。

「你沒有讀我發給你的貼文嗎？為何你視訊沒有戴耳機？」

「我一向來Zoom都是這樣，沒有戴耳機。我以為你只是建議而已，不一定要戴。」

「我在貼文裡寫關於戴耳機的理由，你覺得不成立嗎？」

他想了幾秒，回：「是成立的。」

「我們都是提供服務的人。客人找我們，需要三大元素。第一個，就是同理心。你沒有同理心，難怪你說你的客人寧願聽別人說，也不信你說。」

「如果你要我戴，我現在就戴。」

他講完後，依然坐在那裡看著我，一動也不動。

後來，我說了幾句，他肯戴上耳機後，藍牙耳機也並沒操作好。

等了我一個月，這麼簡單的事情都不願事先做好。

看著他理直氣壯的模樣，頓時覺得他很可憐。

貴人坐在他面前，他說的一大堆話，都是以「自我」為出發點，完全不懂得「以和為貴」的道理。這不就是親手把貴人轟出門嗎？

「你這樣講話，就算講贏了，你真的贏了嗎？」

換成我是他的客人，我絕不會向他買保險，因為很明顯這不是一位真心為別人著想的保險經紀人。

那天，雖為他看八字，該說的我都有說，但我依然保留許多。

因為他缺德。

許多人把「德」看得很輕，覺得沒做壞事就是好人。事實上，不按照別人合理的要求做事，蓄意破壞規則，只顧自己，也是沒有德行可言。

有些人會吐槽，哎呀你學佛的人，要慈悲，何必跟他計較？不要著相！

我不是在意氣用事。

沒有智慧的慈悲，會害死人的。

祖師有訓 - 看命本來就是依客人的福德多寡，而賜福。品行不端的人，承受不起更多的福報，反而會遭反噬。再說了，對貴人都不好的人，對沒有利用價值的人就會更善良嗎？

不是捐錢的，就一定是好人，什麼事情都是要用心才算。

每個人都想要與眾不同，可是如果你的所作所為和一般人一樣，沒有比他們做得更好，那你的命格只配拿得起一般的命運。

不要迷信，以為什麼都是人家為難你，就跑去求神拜佛要打小人。我們命運裡的每一個障礙，每一粒石頭，都是自己放進去的。

你不改，障礙物就不會移。

在這裡聲明：沒有麥克風耳機的Zoom客人，我一概會取消諮詢，進行退款，沒得商量，沒得瞎掰。

能突然放假，真是太過癮了！

——————————————————

Recently, a construction site sprouted up beside my place, creating a lot of noise every day.

Zoom clients wouldn’t have a problem hearing me, but if they do not have a earpiece with a mic, I would have a problem hearing them.

Few days ago, I did a Bazi analysis for a young Insurance Agent via Zoom.

After he entered my Zoom meeting room, he looked at me blankly.

I smiled at him, deliberately staying quiet, and observed him.

Few seconds later, he said bluntly, “Hello?!”

How strange that an insurance agent, who probably have met tons of people, would greet in such an abrupt manner. My middle-aged clients, who rarely use Zoom, have better etiquette than him.

I replied instantly, “Hi, Mr X. Why is your greeting so crude, upon entering this meeting room?”

“I always say hello like this and wait to hear a reply, before I greet officially.”

“I never do that.”

Actually, this demonstrates the refinement of a person.

“Did you not read the post I sent you? Why are you not wearing a earpiece?”

“All along, I do Zooms in this manner without a earpiece. I thought it’s just a suggestion from you and it was not mandatory.”

“I wrote about the reason for clients to wear a earpiece. Do you find it invalid?”

He pondered for a few seconds and replied, “It’s valid.”

“We are both service providers. Clients look for us based on three main qualities. The first being the quality of empathy. You lack empathy and it’s no wonder you say your clients rather listen to others and not trust you as much.”

“If you want me to wear, then I will wear it now”

And he sat there looking at me, not moving an inch.

When he finally put on his ear pods, they did not operate well either.

It’s peculiar how despite a month of waiting for me, he was slow to get this simple thing done right.

Seeing how “self-assured” he was, for a brief moment, I find his behaviour pitiful.

His benefactor was sitting right in front of him, yet his words remained self-serving, totally oblivious to what harmony is about. Wasn’t this sending your benefactor straight out of the door?

“Even if you gain an upper hand talking like this, have you really won?

I would never buy insurance from such an agent, as obviously he was not the considerate kind.

I still read his Bazi that day, said what I should but there were also a lot I did not reveal.

Because he is lacking in virtues.

Many people think lightly of virtues. They assumed that if they do no evil deed, they are virtuous humans. Fact is, if you do not follow the reasonable requirements of other people, deliberately breaking the rules for your own gain, you have no virtue to speak of.

Some naysayers will tell me, but hey you are a practicing Buddhist, so you should exercise your compassion and not be bothered with his behaviour! Don’t get attached to external form!

This isn’t about me.

Compassion without wisdom brings more harm than good.

Since ancient times, it is a rule of thumb that we practitioners allocate good fortune to clients, based on their conduct and luck.

A person with undesirable conduct is unable to bear greater fortune, or there will be adverse consequences. Moreover, if a person is unkind to his benefactor, it is very unlikely that he will be kinder to another person with no value to him.

You can’t define a person as a good man, just because he is willing to donate money. We got to look at how he uses his heart.

Everybody wants to be special and different from others. But if what you are doing is the same as other people, nowhere better than them, then you can only carry a mediocre Destiny.

Don’t be superstitious to think that everybody is out to get you, and you go running to the temples or Feng Shui masters to chase away the villains.

Every obstacle in our destiny, every little stone that trips us, is placed in our lives by no other person but ourselves.

If you do not change, the obstacle isn’t going to budge either.

And here’s an official note: For any Zoom client that does not wear a earpiece with a microphone, I will cancel the consultation and give you a refund.

Having off days out of the blue are so much more fun!

TỪ VỰNG IELTS - CHỦ ĐỀ THROWAWAY SOCIETY
🎯PHẦN TỪ VỰNG
- throwaway society: xã hội mà trong đó người ta sử dụng đồ đạc trong một thời gian ngắn sau đó vứt chúng đi, mua thứ đồ mới
vpurchase the latest version of things: mua phiên bản mới nhất
- encourage somebody to do something: khuyến khích ai đó làm gì
- to be in good condition and perfectly functional: trong tình trạng tốt và các chức năng hoạt động tốt
- overconsumption = excessive consumption: việc tiêu thụ quá mức
- overproduction = excessive production: việc sản xuất quá mức
- long-lived products = durable products = products that are made to last for a long period of time: những sản phẩm có tuổi thọ dài
- short-lived products = non-durable products = products that are made to last for a short period of time: những sản phẩm có tuổi thọ ngắn
- repurchase = buy again: mua lại
- repeat customers: những khách hàng sẽ mua hàng lại ở cửa hàng họ đã mua
- make a dent in your finance: làm giảm số tiền bạn đang có
- higher profit margins for manufacturers: lợi nhuận biên lớn hơn cho các nhà sản xuất
- tempt customers into buying the latest, novelty items: thu hút khách hàng mua những sản phẩm mới nhất
- disposable products: những sản phẩm dùng 1 lần rồi vứt đi
- solid waste generation rates: tỷ lệ thải ra chất thải rắn
- environmental degradation: sự suy khóa môi trường
- contaminate soil and water: làm ô nhiễm đất và nước
- increase consumer spending: tăng chi tiêu của khách hàng
- bad spending habits: thói quen tiêu xài xấu
- leftover food: đồ ăn thừa
- a new version with more features: phiên bản mới với nhiều tính năng hơn
- have a negative/detrimental/harmful effect on: có ảnh hưởng có hại lên...
- buy things that you do not really need: mua những thứ mà bạn không thực sự cần
- a waste of money: một sự lãng phí tiền của
- buy new things to relieve stress or anxiety: mua đồ mới để giải tỏa căng thẳng và lo âu
- overspend = spend beyond one's income: chi tiêu quá mức
- huge amounts of toxic waste: 1 lượng khổng lồ chất thải
- to be discharged into the environment: bị thải ra môi trường
- encourage people to reuse and recycle more: khuyến khích người dân tái chế và tái sử dụng nhiều hơn.
- get into serious debt: bị mắc nợ nghiêm trọng

🎯PHẦN BÀI MẪU
These days people in some countries are living in a “throwaway” society which means people use things in a short time then throw them away. What are its causes and what impacts can it have?

Dịch đề: Ngày nay người dân ở một số quốc gia đang sống trong một “xã hội bỏ đi” nghĩa là người ta sử dụng đồ đạc trong một thời gian ngắn sau đó vứt chúng đi. Nguyên nhân và ảnh hưởng mà xã hội này gây ra?

The topic of “throwaway society” has been discussed in recent years. In this society, people tend to throw away their old items regardless of whether or not they still work and purchase the latest version of things. This essay will look at some primary reasons for this phenomenon and the adverse impacts that it could have on individuals and the environment.

There are several causes of the throwaway society and I think advertising could be the first culprit. Advertisements encourage people to purchase goods and services that they do not really need by delivering a message that possessing the latest version of an item could improve a person’s self-image, confidence and even social status. For example, many of today’s teenagers spend nearly $1,500 buying iPhone X to show that they are wealthy and fashionable even though their old phones are still in good condition and perfectly functional. Another cause is mass production of non-durable goods which are often used once and thrown away. These products are much cheaper and more convenient than durable ones, hence, attract a large number of customers.

Individuals living in the throwaway society could suffer a great deal. They could easily get into serious debt if they get into the habit of buying the latest, novelty items. Many teens are being burdened with thousands of dollars in credit card debt for their unnecessary purchases, which could lead to depression and anxiety. Environmental degradation is another problem facing the throwaway society. Due to excessive production of disposable goods, huge amounts of hazardous waste are being discharged into the environment, which directly contaminates soil and water.

In conclusion, there are various factors leading to the advent of our throwaway society and increasing consumer debt and environmental damage are the two major problems which result from this society.

(299 words, written by Nguyen Huyen)

PHẦN VÍ DỤ: https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-throwaway-society-dich-tu-chi-tiet/
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【今天會學到的單字】

Fertility rate 生育率
fertility 生育的能力
Have an impact 有影響

Do sth of one’s own free will 自願、非遭強迫的
On the other hand 另一方面（副詞片語）

infertile 不孕的
fertile 有繁殖力的；土壤肥沃的

Be faced with 面臨（常常可以接 crisis）
infertility crisis 不孕危機

sperm concentration 精子濃度
decline 減少

excessive 過度的
drinking 常常指飲酒
fall into a category 屬於什麼範圍

in one’s control 由誰可以掌控的

Adverse 不好的；不想要的
adverse effect 不好的效果；不好的影響
副詞 adversely affect，帶來負面影響
reproductive health 生殖健康

Pan 平底鍋
Water-repellent jacket 防水外套
cosmetics 化妝品
testosterone 睪固酮
interfere with 干涉；干預；（負面）影響

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甲狀腺癌 － 陳穎樂臨床腫瘤科專科醫生＠FindDoc.com

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（一）甲狀腺癌有什麼類型？ 00:06

（二）甲狀腺癌有什麼治療方法？ 00:42

（三）患者有機會對放射治療無反應嗎？ 01:45

（四）何時展開標靶藥物治療可得到最佳效果呢？ 03:00

(本短片作健康教育之用，並不可取代任何醫療診斷或治療。治療成效因人而異，如有疑問，請向專業醫療人士諮詢。)

參考資料：
1. 香港癌症資料統計中心. (2020). 2018 年香港癌症統計概覽. Retrieved from https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/pdf/overview/Overview%20of%20HK%20Cancer%20Stat%202018_tc.pdf
2. 醫院管理局. (2020). 甲狀腺癌. Retrieved from https://www21.ha.org.hk/smartpatient/SPW/zh-hk/Disease-Information/Disease/?guid=1163a3df-86db-4b3b-a325-45741fcb04be
3. Cabanillas, M. E., & Habra, M. A. (2016). Lenvatinib: Role in thyroid cancer and other solid tumors. Cancer treatment reviews, 42, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.11.003
4. Cabanillas, M. E., & Takahashi, S. (2019). Managing the adverse events associated with lenvatinib therapy in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Seminars in oncology, 46(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.11.004
5. Sugino K, et al. Endocr J 2018;299-306

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