Following news of 3 Team Aster players testing positive for Covid at the TI10 bootcamp in Romania, 🇲🇾 JT- from team IG has also tested positive & is currently down with a fever.

Update: All 10 members of Team Aster have tested positive as of Oct 1.

Sincerely hoping that adequate care & support are given to all the sick players, and wishing them a speedy recovery.

Meanwhile can somebody please explain to me why there isn't a proper 14-day quarantine or pre-event bubble for all the overseas teams attending TI10?

Please comment with a 💔 if you find these images of slaughtered white-sided dolphins as horrific as I do. They are the victims of a traditional dolphin hunt called Grindadráp (or "The Grind") that takes place annually on the shores of the Faroe Islands, an archipelago between Iceland and Norway. Last week's horrific event is estimated to be the largest single cull in the island's history, with even seasoned whalers deeming the slow, cruel mass killing of over 1,400 white-sided dolphins in a single day unethical. I don't believe "tradition" is an adequate justification for this senseless practice. In fact, I can't think of a single reason why it should be allowed to continue. If you agree, please visit the link in my bio and sign our @OnlyOne petition urging the Faroese Prime Minister to end the Grindadráp for good. With @SeaLegacy. Photos by @SeaShepherd. #Dolphin #WhiteSidedDolphin #FaroeIslands #Faroe #Slaughter #VisitFaroeIslands #ForTheOcean #SaveTheOcean #MarineConservation #OnlyOne

Reposted from @paulnicklen

【渾水一片：還原香港海界爭議發展史】 (上篇) #都市化洋謀 #9月專研

過往在香港討論有關海洋邊界爭議，往往是香港以南的南海主權問題。事實上近年的焚船污染、明日大嶼、12人越洋、走私不斷等當下議題，都與海洋空間規劃、定界及海權問題有關，而香港早年殖民期的海界及海權作為各種海洋亂象之源，卻少有人深入探討。

翻查一系列關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案，整理過往殖民地時期有關香港「含糊」水域爭議的發展史，揭示牽涉複雜的海洋邊界政治，除了作為當時中英政治角力的前緣，亦有助我們了解現時香港水域範圍的歷史脈絡及源起。

一條海界　兩個表述

殖民地時期早年，香港的水域範圍一直未有公開確實的版本，亦引伸出有兩種不同的界線表述。

於20世紀初，根據《展拓香港界址專條》的香港地圖顯示，香港水域呈「方型」界線(square boundary )。根據一份關於新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)，當時中方海關經常巡邏於以大嶼山以西大澳水域一帶(方型界線以外)，似乎更視其為中方水域。然而，早在1901年英方已有向港督提及，按照國際上的海洋慣例，一般領海 (normal territorial waters)寬度應為3海里 (three nautical miles)，因而，香港領海界線應呈現為「彎曲型」(sinuous)，比起「方形」範圍雖然多了大嶼山以西水域，同時卻損失了東南方一大片水域，作為最早期的香港水域範圍的兩個表述。

後續1911年修訂《釋義條例》(Interpretation Ordinance) 時，由於港督的錯誤公告字眼(wording of an incorrect Proclamation)，令到香港水域繼續被闡釋為方型。

而這個錯誤的公告去到1950年被修訂。英方於1950年重新檢視與領海相關的條例，表示若沿用1937年英方對於《釋義條例》的闡釋，地圖所顯示的「方形」界線，只是英方租用中方領土的一條分界線(merely a line of delimitation of the area within which all territory was leased) ，並不是租用香港3海里以外的水域範圍(this did not mean that there was a purported lease of any waters outside normal territorial waters)，可見，內部確立「彎曲型」的領海範圍。

參考一份1950年關於香港水域的英國解密檔案 (1950 CO 537 6036 Territorial water) 中的英方外交部內閣大臣Jim Griffiths跟港督的電報來往中顯示，因當時中日關係惡劣，為了保持當時英方中立 (neutral) 的立場。英方亦想盡量避免中日雙方於香港水域範圍發生衝突 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)，早於1937年至1939年，英方曾經指示香港水域要跟隨國際慣例，將領海寬度收窄至3海里。無獨有偶，1950年修訂《釋義條例》，已有英方法律意見表示當時擔心如果國、共兩軍在新海界（彎曲型）及舊海界（方型）之間的位置發生衝突，將會造成英方外交上尷尬，要盡快修例避免尷尬事件。可見，英方變動水域邊界時明顯有其政治考量。

即使已修例，1952年當時國際法庭 (International Court of Justice) 有關英挪漁業案(Anglo Norwegian Fisheries case)的判決 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)，提及使用哪種基線方式來劃定領海的爭議，促使香港律政司重提「方型」領海是否合法地代表香港水域，但建議被英方否決。其後在1958年，即使英國外交部再次表示「方型」範圍只是表示港英領土的一條分界線 (all land within the line thus shown is Hong Kong territory)，但同時亦保留方型界線，聲稱為免影響航空航線。

早年香港水域邊界一直未被確實，即使在法律層面上，英方內部確立「彎曲型」領海範圍的合法性。然而，其後英方一直未有公開與中國共產黨政權講述其水域範圍，或擔心會侵犯中國領海主權。可見，香港水域一直受到變動中的海緣政治影響，經常遊走在當時國際上認可海洋慣例(彎曲型)與中英簽訂的《展拓香港界址專條》(方型)之間。

中方圍堵香港水域的預言？

水域範圍、基線劃定的方法及國際航海權一直是國際外交上一個十分敏感的議題。香港作為英國殖民地，卻緊貼住中國的領海範圍，除了香港水域定界，船隻來往香港的航道亦一直是英方十分頭痛的問題，稍有不慎，就會有被冠上侵犯中國海權的「辱華」罪名。

中方於1958年第一次聯合國海洋法公約（United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)，已經單方面將其領海範圍擴展至12海哩，英國宗主國當時內部表明會反對中方單方面的領海宣稱，擔心會發生圍堵香港水域的情況。

根據新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)中的電報來往，當時港英內部評估，認為中方擴展領海將對香港造成「海陸空」影響，除了會收窄飛機的航道、需要重新佈線電纜和無線電纜、亦會限制海軍的演練空間，大大影響香港的船隻來往，來往公海的航道走廊更會收窄到1海里(corridor of international waters could be reduced to about one mile)，形容「接近完全圍封香港」 (almost completely envelope Hong Kong)。

隨著國際共識的改變，在1972年第三次聯合國海洋法會議前夕，英方亦打算將國土領海範圍的3海里擴展至12海里。翻查另一份1972年關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案 (1972 FCO 21 1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong)，當時英方內部考慮這次擴展海界，應否包括香港殖民地，並計劃在香港附近水域進行海道測量 (Hydrographic survey)，明顯想放風測試中方反應。

然而，根據英國外交部及港英的內部電報來往，英方雖然一度打算在翌年與中方在第三次聯合國海洋法會議上提及香港殖民地水域擴展，但英方內部亦指出中方定會反對香港的水域擴展至12海里，除了因為香港擴展會跟中國水域重疊，中國亦一直視香港為固有領土，不可視香港為獨立的行政個體 (separate entity)，應該維持現狀，限制今次香港擴海界。

呼應早期50年代有關中方圍堵香港水域的擔憂，英方擔心如果掀起討論，更有可能令香港航道問題惡化 (a risk that any such discussion would vitiate the present adequate though limited freedom of passage)。按英國外交部理解，中方只不過默許船隻在不進入擔桿列島5海哩範圍的前提下進入香港；如果中國「執正嚟做」嚴格實踐其12海里的主權宣稱，則連博寮海峽都不能通行 (a 12 mile limit strictly adhered to in this area would make normal surface access to Hong Kong through the Lemma Channel impossible)。最後，英方外交部為免觸動到中方神經，加上「信唔過」中方 (their good will… cannot be relied on a year ahead)，建議的對策卻是避免「打草驚蛇」(let sleeping dogs lie)，絕口不提香港擴海界。

直到1987年，英國正式將水域擴展到12海哩，但香港並沒有納入被擴展的範圍。在香港前途談判過程中，亦未有正式提及香港水域擴展12海里一事(Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)。可見，面對中方進取的領海主權宣稱，英方在香港水域邊界問題上，尤其顯得無力。

香港「渾水」邊界的潛規則

面對中國擴海界後將會圍堵香港的擔憂，根據一份有關香港水域及其爭議的英國解密檔案(1968 FCO 21 547 Dispute with China about territorial waters)，當中牽涉中英雙方就香港海界爭議鮮為人知的權宜之計(modus vivendi)。

事緣1968年一艘美國貨船於萬山群島近珠江口一帶(Lema Channel in the estuary of the Pearl River)被中方海軍的警告已入侵中方水域，檔案中有一份美國國務院情報與研究局官員Thoms L. Hughes事後對中國共產黨於香港鄰近水域的主權宣稱(Communist assertions of sovereignty over waters in the vicinity of Hong Kong)進行一份內部評估報告，提到中方不時會「放生」來往香港的商船。

於50年代初，船隻可以經萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港水域，可謂當時的潛規則（local ground rule)。然而，在中方宣稱12海里領海後，於1959年曾發出達20次警告，外國商船透過萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港期間入侵中方水域，並禁止一切外國船隻通往萬山群島近珠江口一帶，評估報告中亦提及多次美國商船及軍艦通往香港遇上中國海軍的事件。

然而，中方不但少有採取實際軍事行動，多是「口頭」表示抗議及警告外國船隻侵犯中國水域，更沒有對外公開批評數次入侵事件。就以上例子，美方評估中國當時並不是新的「強硬路線」宣示領海主權(new harder line from Peking)，只是由於過多船隻進入萬山群島內沿而作出的回應(is a reaction to an increasing number of passages through the interior Lema Channel)[萬山群島內沿被中國視為內海]。

而當時美方估計中方「放生」的動機，很可能取決於政經考量，其一為不想失去香港作為(kill the goose)來往外國商船主要來往中國的航道，以及香港為中國帶來的外匯，而另一原因則是避免發生中國海軍與美國軍艦於海上起衝突。

此外，除了英方一直未有公佈香港水域邊界，中方一直並未有公開宣稱香港以西南的珠江通道12海里的精準劃界(public silence regarding the exact limits of its claim)。中英雙方基於政治考量，對於香港水域劃界及航道，更被美方稱靈活的實用主義(flexible pragmatism)。

而美方認為英方亦知悉船隻來往香港的「後路」，根據一份英方未被公開的非正式文件( informal note)顯示，除了船隻背後的註冊國家將成為影響進入香港的政治因素，英方更提及最合適的接近香港水域的航道，是經萬山群島以南以及擔桿頭島五海里以外(keep to the south of the Lima Group and five miles or more off Tam kan Head)，港英政府早於五十年代，已廣傳這份文件到商船公司及中方，有共識地默許外國船隻經香港東南方水域，作為當時來往香港的「後路」。

可見，比起香港陸上的邊界，早期香港水域由定界、擴界到圍堵，可謂「渾水一片」。而當中牽涉複雜的海緣政治，亦顯示香港水域並非一條確確實實的邊界範圍，反而是中英雙方的妥協空間。而後來香港水域邊界將如何落實為現時版本？當中牽涉多少談判？而所引伸的一系列有關領海執法權以至政府管轄權的問題，將揭示香港水域日後跨境執法以至逃犯移交的爭議。(下集待續)

參考資料

Jørgensen, N. H. B. (2019). The (Unequal) Relationship between Hong Kong’s Waters and China’s Baselines. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy, 4(1), 1–27.

1950 CO 537/6036 Territorial water

1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories

1968 FCO 21/547 Dispute with China about territorial waters

1972 FCO 21/1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong

1974 FCO 18/154 Hong Kong territorial waters

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泰國疫情再次爆發，全國陷入封鎖。一些泰國人民選擇再次走上街頭，要求總理 Prayuth Chan-ocha 下台以及對強大但不透明的君主制度進行改革。當局警告，任何形式的抗議都違反了疫情之下的緊急管制措施。

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———

本集 timestamps
0:00 Intro
0:47 第一遍英文朗讀
2:54 新聞 & 相關單字解說
16:19 額外單字片語
22:13 第二遍英文朗讀

———

加入臉書社團 (朗讀文字)：https://www.facebook.com/groups/ssyingwen/posts/283807406838839

朗讀內容參考了
👉 Human Rights Watch：https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/08/13/protesters-police-clash-thailand-vaccine-protests
👉 Associated Press: https://apnews.com/article/health-coronavirus-pandemic-4c11cb1a929ffbe0c6b15fd446ef9172
👉 Bangkok Post: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2164983/fresh-protest-met-with-rubber-bullets-tear-gas-again
👉 Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/14/three-injured-as-thai-police-fire-rubber-bullets-at-bangkok-rally

———

本集提到的單字片語：
Haiti 海地
Earthquake 地震
Thailand 泰國
Bangkok 曼谷
Demonstration Alert  示威警報
Reform 改革
Demonstration(s) 遊行
Protest(s) 抗議
Demonstrators 遊行者
Protestors 抗議者
Rally 一大群人的集會
Riot 暴動
Rioters 暴動的人、暴徒
Rotting fruit 腐爛水果
Symbolise 象徵
Prime minister 總理
Barbed wire 帶刺的鐵絲網
Shipping containers 貨櫃
Rubber bullets 橡皮子彈 / 橡膠子彈
Tear gas 催淚瓦斯
Water cannons 水砲
Anti-government protest 反政府抗議活動
Breach(es) 違反
Press charges 起訴
Heavy-handedness 粗暴的手段
Jeopardize (UK 拼法 jeopardise) 危害
Ping pong bombs 乒乓球炸彈
Slingshots 彈弓
Bricks 磚塊
Firecrackers 鞭炮
Lockdown 封鎖
Resign 辭職 / 下台
Constitution 憲法
Monarchy 君主制度
Contentious 有爭議的
Prayuth Chan-ocha 泰國總理
Martial law 戒嚴
Royalist 保皇主義
King Maha Vajiralongkorn 泰國現任國王
Unheard of 聞所未聞的
Thai(s) 泰國人
Playboy 花花公子
Constitutional monarchy 君主立憲制
Bhumibol Adulyadej 泰國上一任國王
Coup d’état(s) 軍事政變
Enough
Sufficient
Adequate
Inadequate
Anxious 焦慮
Mantra 口號、咒語


♥️ 喜歡時事英文 podcast 嗎？♥️
你可以支持 Hazel 繼續錄製 podcast 👉 https://bit.ly/zeczec_ssyingwen

————


#podcast #泰國 #曼谷 #學英文 #英文筆記 #英文學習 #英文 #每日英文 #托福 #雅思 #雅思英語 #雅思托福 #多益 #多益單字 #播客 #英文單字卡 #片語 #動詞 #國際新聞 #英文新聞 #英文聽力 #taiwanpodcast

For this episode, we went to The Line to destroy their AYCE Luxury Seafood Buffet! The Line is a Buffet Restaurant at the luxurious Shangri-La Hotel that serves food from a wide variety of cuisines, allowing you to sample Indian, Thai, Western and Singaporean cuisine all at one location. They also have themed nights like Japanese and Seafood Harvest, and in this video, we came on Seafood Harvest night. We have a GIVEAWAY for 1 Dining Voucher for Two, details on my IG post (@zermattneo)

Due to Covid-19, there is no longer a buffet spread to choose from but a menu where you order by dish, a la Minute. They conveniently provide a QR code which you can scan with your phone and order. Their Seafood Platter caught our eye but it turned out to be rather small (intentionally on their part) and would have taken us forever while greatly inconveniencing the staff to serve us an adequate quantity. They graciously acceded to our request for a bigger portion and wheeled out a humongous bowl filled with all the components of the Seafood Platter and with additional Sashimi.

The Giant Seafood Platter consisted of Boston Lobsters, Prawns, Mussels, Oysters, Snow Crab Legs, Snow Crab Claws, Clams and Scallops. It came garnished with lemons and 3 types of sauces, a vinegar sauce, a tabasco-based sauce and a cocktail sauce. While the seafood were largely fresh and juicy, they came with a fluctuating quality. Some were cooked to perfection while others were overdone and rubbery. The prawns were the best part, plump, rarely overcooked and went heavenly with the cocktail sauce.

Furthermore, we sampled the breadth of the options at this buffet, ordering the Western, Singaporean and Lebanese options plus dessert. The standouts would be the Wagyu Beef Bolognese and the Sambal Sotong. The pasta was al dente and the meat sauce was rich with a faux creaminess developed by hours on the pot. The sambal sotong was extremely tender and heavily coated in a delicious, spicy dressing while also pairing well with the sweet and vinegary sauce that came with it.

However, some of the food were rather disappointing like the Oyster Omelette, which was rather bland and came without the signature Oyster Omelette chilli sauce. The Angus Sirloin was also nothing to shout about, a touch on the under seasoned side and lacking flavour. The desserts were the most consistent, all of them being above average at the minimum. I enjoyed the Salty Caramel Choux Puff and the American Cheesecake. The Durian Cake would be a real treat for durian lovers as it had an intense durian flavour to it.

All in all, I certainly ate my money’s worth for a $120 Seafood Buffet. Although there were highs and lows, I still enjoyed the experience and pushed myself to destroy this buffet. The portions here are on the smaller side so as to allow you to order a greater variety and sample as many dishes that The Line has to offer. If you are feeling ravenous yet uncertain about what exactly to eat, look no further than the buffet at The Line!

Visit The Line at:
22 Orange Grove Rd
Lower Lobby, Tower Wing
Singapore 258350

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Even though pork trotter vinegar (or pig’s trotter vinegar 猪脚醋) is commonly served as confinement food, anyone can enjoy this dish.

This video is kindly brought to you by Cordlife Group Limited. They own the largest network of cord blood banks in Asia with full fledge cord blood and cord tissue banking facilities in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Philippines, Indonesia and India. They also have marketing presence in Myanmar, Vietnam and Bangladesh. If you are or someone in your family is expecting a baby, do remember to gather more information about the benefits of banking the cord blood, cord lining and cord tissue of your baby because these precious resources must be collected at birth. Get more information from Cordlife (www.cordlife.com) so that you can make an informed decision before the arrival of your baby. Subscribe to Cordlife Singapore Youtube channel for more confinement food recipes: https://www.youtube.com/CordlifeSingapore

In case you didn’t know, in Chinese tradition, women who just delivered a baby will go through a month-long confinement period so that she can get adequate rest and let her body recover from childbirth. During this confinement period, women are encouraged to steer clear of certain daily tasks and certain food. They are also encouraged to increase the intake of certain food ingredients such as ginger, black vinegar, sesame oil and rice wine, etc, which are deemed beneficial for their health.

This pork trotter vinegar recipe we used in this video is from a very experienced confinement nanny who has taken care of hundreds of women on confinement and their babies. The ingredients used in this recipe are believed to be able to help mothers heal and regain their strength faster.

See the ingredient list below for your easy reference. Hope you can recreate this yummy dish in the comfort of your home. Happy cooking!

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Ingredients:
Serves 6

Ingredients
• 1 bottle or 750ml of black vinegar (Recommended brand to use: www.wangwang.sg/product/chan-kong-thye-black-sweet-rice-vinegar-750ml-%E5%8F%8C%E6%96%99/)
• ½ bottle of water (use the black vinegar bottle)
• 200g ginger
• 1 pig trotter
• 100-200g gula melaka or palm sugar
• 2 tablespoons sesame oil
• 6 hard-boiled eggs
• A pinch of salt
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If you like this recipe, you might like these too:

Super Easy Potatoes w/ Minced Pork 马铃薯炒肉碎
https://youtu.be/pYn9NTJgjw4

Simplified Recipe: Chinese Pork Belly w/ Preserved Vegetables (Mei Cai) 梅菜扣肉
https://youtu.be/Kkn5YU3TWwo

Super Easy Taiwanese Braised Pork Rice Recipe 台湾卤肉饭
https://youtu.be/hqcVtqGoRG0

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