［金融掃盲］祖雲達斯冇蝕到趴，曼聯（同所有球會）最大開支唔係轉會費，賣波衫唔好賺，贊助刁都冇你想像中咁多。但，依然有金融上嘅考慮。就係開心樂園餐！人地睇嘢，唔係一兩季，係十年甚至幾十年。

TLDR：相信全香港第一個人講C朗as a 開心樂園餐

1. 其實足球嗰部份都可以掃盲，C朗雖然肯定好好好好波，但由於太靚仔太霸氣，往住有好多myth．例如以為佢射罰球好勁（對上一球幾時？好似講到而家），或者以為佢射門命中率好高—例如蘇斯克查話，呀C朗禁區外射門呀，100球都99球中龍。事實？C朗在祖雲達斯，所有射門，唔夠四成中龍。當然你可以話蘇斯克查只係做個比喻，唔係真係話99%。

2. 反正呢篇文唔係要攻擊C朗（＊），而係講，好多你以為嘅「常識」，係錯嘅。

3. 不過既然係Financial Times，當然都講返錢銀。以下係幾個關於C朗轉會嘅 financial myth：

4. 祖雲達斯蝕到趴：唔算。轉會費1500萬歐（加埋表現頂多2500萬）。祖雲達斯2018年1億買返嚟。不過球員係會「折舊」嘅，正式嚟講，係舊「轉會費」會攤銷（Amortize），你當好似機械咁折舊啦。每年個「折舊」先係開支，然後個球員嘅「價值」（＊＊）在公司個資產負債表每年就減低，同你會計101讀嘅差不多。一般個「壽命」就係合約年期，咁佢在祖雲達斯4年約，1億歐就攤4年，今年最後一年，在祖雲達斯本薄度，佢最新carrying value 係3000萬左右。咁所以祖雲達斯蝕讓都要輸錢，但唔係輸8500萬，輸1500萬啫。

5. 有趣地，曼聯簽C朗係2年約，但個「折舊」用5年，我就唔知點解啦，都唔係一般做法，問返核數師點解肯簽，可能預佢退休做埋高層啩。上市公司喎，不能太亂嚟的，核數師肯簽，咁…….咪得咯。

6. 咁所以曼聯買得好抵？ — 又唔係。球場上唔知，但我地講財務。同好多人嘅理解唔同，球會最大嘅開支，唔係轉會費（可以攤N年，同埋有機會賣出去收返啲），而係人工！C朗份糧同在祖雲達斯比只係減少少，過到嚟變咗係英超最高薪球員（＊＊＊）。即使曼聯係英超最高收入嘅球會，佢老哥份糧都佔咗間會收入嘅5%— 一條友佔收入5%，你可以諗下幾咁誇張，應該冇乜其他公司可以咁。

7. 車，賣波衫同拎筫助都賺得返 — 不客氣地講：講得呢句，就知你完全唔識了。最好都係STFU。再講一次，絶大部份波衫收入嘅錢，係Adidas或Nike拎晒。唔信嘅，你睇兩樣嘢。曼聯30億美金市值，Adidas 600億，Nike 2600億，你話邊個好賺？另外，如果賣波衫咁好搵，咁巴塞叫美斯賣返件特別版已經夠。但明顯唔係咁，你睇球會啲商業收入，都見到個數字唔係 波衫件數Ｘ零售價。至於贊助？亦唔會忽然多咗好多，好多一早傾咗。

8. 咁到底有乜財政效益？ — 球場上嘅不講，但球場外嘅，都仲係有嘅。冇錯就係Brand Building．軟實力，細細個導你食開心樂園餐（原文冇呢句，我加嘅），大個咪日日食。文中提到，曼聯近年戰績麻麻，固然班死忠不離不棄，「但大家都知熟客唔值錢」，咁點搵新粉絲？點同曼城爭？（你諗下，廿幾三十年前我睇曼聯時，all due respect，曼城有幾多球迷？嗰時在英國見有個廣告串曼城：Manchester Worldwide，City Nationwide）．地球上最多ig follower嘅C朗，就係答案啦。

9. 仲有，正如上面講，球迷一般嘅loyalty 都高，係好客，唔會因為隔離會件波衫平三十蚊你就買對家（你對比下，UBER，或者做電訊商）。所以，就係我樓上講嘅，開心樂園餐。細細個導你捧曼聯，大個自然科水。

10. 曼聯睇嘅唔係一季，兩季，而係未來幾十年呀！好大盤棋。應該係咁。當然幫到戰績更好．咁點都要有球場上嘅作用嘅，唔係買條友做親善大使嘛。發唔發現，唔落場踢嘅代言人，影響力低好多？你而家仲碧咸傑斯咩，我知係名宿（奧雲係咪名宿？）。但新一代無感嘛。至於啲老嘢？係咪都捧架啦，即係電話或寬頻啲舊客，唔使對佢咁好的。

（＊）有冇話你知英超如果要捧，我係捧曼聯的？我唯一買過嘅英超波衫就係曼聯，唯一一次現場睇英超亦係曼聯。

（＊＊）插嘴講句，咩公司係員工嘅資產，廢話。閣下有冇在公司資產負債表出現？冇。你嘅地位低過張枱，係等同公司用嘅condom（妓院上市都得啩？好似澳洲有）。你去到球星咁，在公司資產負債表度出現，你就真係公司嘅資產啦！

（＊＊＊）呢度插播，原文冇講，係我意見。C朗居然減埋人工仲係英超最高，可見祖雲達斯畀得幾咁豪。我舊文有寫過，C朗一條友嘅人工，高過意甲十幾隊波，亦即係佢份人工夠搞一隊可以踢歐霸嘅意甲隊。最正係—即使唔計C朗，祖雲達斯都仲係意甲最高人工！

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已烴2000人訂！多謝大家！Two thousand people can't be wrong！（扯，幾百萬人冇訂添！）．下一個目標當然係攞你命3000！

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「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

「倒 J 假說」：疫情期間在家，該怎麼運動？
新冠肺炎（COVID-19）肆虐讓維持運動習慣成為困難的事。三級警戒下，人群聚集的健身房及運動課程關閉，而出外要戴口罩，使得炎炎夏日的戶外運動更為困難。
　
「台灣國家衛生研究院」名譽研究員溫啟邦教授的研究顯示每天15分鐘運動可以減少14%總死亡、10%癌症死亡及20%的心血管疾病死亡，延長3年壽命[1]。要維持健康，運動不能少，不管你是原本規律上健身房或戶外運動而今被迫中止、沒有染疫居家隔離中、或是不幸染疫的的狀態，都應該依狀況調整，維持運動習慣[2]。
　
■運動提升免疫力抵抗病毒
近年來，醫學界發現，肌肉像是一個內分泌器官，能分泌出多種「免疫細胞激素」。免疫細胞激素在免疫系統中扮演重要角色，好比「傳令兵」，能對專門攻擊病菌的免疫細胞（如T細胞、NK細胞等）發號司令，促使其活化、複製，進而殺死外來病毒細菌，對內剷除壞死、甚至病變的癌細胞，這些細胞激素也能調節發炎反應，甚至影響包括心血管、大腦等器官的運作。
　
►研究更發現，只要透過運動刺激肌肉收縮時，就可有效促進肌肉分泌這些激素，且肌肉量越多，分泌的量越多。
　
曾有動物實驗，讓肥胖老鼠跑跑步機、做肌力訓練，24小時後，這群老鼠體內的「IL-15（Interleukin 15，介白素）」濃度上升了2倍。「IL-15」就是種可由肌肉分泌的細胞激素，可促進免疫細胞的成熟，還能幫助脂肪（尤其是腹部和內臟脂肪）的代謝。
　
同樣的效果也有類似的人體研究文獻。這重新解釋了為何肌力較差的老人，住院後容易發生感染、肺炎。除了肌力差，間接導致病患體力體能不夠、咳痰能力差，也可能是肌肉不足（激素分泌不夠），直接影響了患者對抗疾病的免疫力。
　
■肌力和免疫力兩者就如同「唇亡齒寒」的關係
不只肌肉少會讓免疫力差，免疫力衰退時，也會讓肌肉更難生成、修復。因為當免疫力衰退，身體容易處於慢性發炎狀態，大量的發炎因子會使肌肉細胞更難以合成、加速萎縮老化，肌肉痠痛的恢復力也會比較差。
　
對高齡者尤其明顯。現實的是，人類免疫系統在12～15歲左右健全成熟，之後就隨細胞激素分泌減少、胸腺萎縮逐漸下降，年過40後更加速敗退。研究也發現，40歲後，肌肉量以每年8％速度流失，一不注意就可能面臨肌少症的威脅[3]。
　
■中低強度運動才可增強免疫力
「國立臺灣師範大學體育系」劉宏文助理教授說：「如果你運動完可以說話，但不能唱歌，就是最適當的中等強度。」，雖然多運動可以增加免疫力，但你知道其實是有「條件」的嗎？劉老師指出，長時間太劇烈的運動，反而會造成免疫力下降，只有「中低強度的運動」，真正能提升免疫力。
　
研究顯示，適度運動確實可以提升免疫系統的運作，降低上呼吸道感染的風險。但如果運動強度過高，免疫系統反而會有一段時間受到抑制，這就是所謂的『空窗期理論』，假使反覆進行高強度運動，增加免疫系統的空窗期，自然也會提高上呼吸道感染的風險。也就是說，若長時間進行過高強度的運動，將會使免疫系統的運作「不升反降」。
　
因此，要增強免疫力，運動種類也須慎選，但什麼樣的運動才最適宜呢？劉老師表示，最簡單的辨別方式就是「說話」，如果你運動完可以說話，但不能唱歌，就是最適當的中等強度。
　
■運動強度公式
運動生理學慣以最大心跳率區分運動強度，劉老師也提供一個參考公式：208-(0.7*年紀)，以20歲的大學生為例，他的「最大預估心跳率」就是：208-(0.7*20) =194(下/分鐘)，而「中等強度的心跳率」為(最大心跳x 64% 至 最大心跳x 76% )：124 至 147(下/分鐘)。
　
現在許多智慧運動器材或程式都能測量心跳，運動時不妨參考上述數據，確認自己的運動種類、以及身體負荷的情況[4]。
　
而許多跑者熱愛的馬拉松、超馬、鐵人三項等，就屬於長時間中高強度運動，雖能鍛鍊體力，卻也增加上呼吸道感染的機率。劉老師舉例，有文獻指出，在從事馬拉松或超馬運動後1到2週，上呼吸道感染的機率將會增加100%~500%。
　
因此，運動確實可增強免疫力，但仍要小心過猶不及。劉老師建議，因應疫情隔離原則，應避免近距離接觸、以及健身房等密閉環境；可選擇戶外慢跑、騎腳踏車等通風良好的運動方式，還能藉由曬太陽產生維生素D，對人體也有助益。
　
如果是居家隔離或自主健康管理者，現在也有許多線上運動教學影片可以參考，只要把握「適度」原則，一樣可以運動、打造高免疫力的體質[5]。
　
■疫情當前，關在家裡該怎麼運動呢？
但是近期疫情升溫，預防病毒快速傳染是當務之急，面對運動場所、健身房暫時關閉，許多人不方便外出參加跳舞、瑜珈、游泳等實體課程[2]。待在家裡雖可以減緩新冠病毒的傳播，待在家中並不一定意味著要捨棄運動，只是運動的場域轉換到室內的密閉空間時，不妨多加善用室內環境讓運動變得不一樣，更靈活多變，以下提供在家運動的參考：
　
1. 快步走動或室內上下樓梯10-15分鐘，每天2-3天
2. 找線上健身影片或課程進行鍛練、放音樂跳舞
3. 瑜珈進行深呼吸或正念思考來舒緩緊繃的情緒
4. 跳繩、彈力帶、門上健身拉桿、啞鈴等器材來訓練肌肉
5. 用椅子鍛鍊三頭肌、在地板伏立挺身、仰臥起坐等鍛鍊核心肌群
6. 善用家中的健身自行車、跑步機等來維持運動量
　
新興的傳染病伺機而動，要維持身體健康機能。不變的法則還是均衡飲食、規律運動和作息正常[6]。
　　
　　
【Reference】
1.來源
➤➤資料
∎[1] (衛生福利部)「缺乏運動已成為影響全球死亡率的第四大危險因子，提供大家運動生活化之小撇步」：https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-3159-24035-1.html
∎[2] (康健雜誌)「三級警戒去不了健身房，跟著復健科醫師一起宅在家運動！」：https://www.commonhealth.com.tw/blog/4064
∎[3] (康健)「肌力就是免疫力，醫師這習慣，讓她幾乎從不感冒」：https://www.commonhealth.com.tw/blog/3487?from=article-4064
∎[4] (台灣癌症基金會~熱愛生命 攜手抗癌『正確運動的概念』：https://www.canceraway.org.tw/page.asp?IDno=3672
∎[5](國立臺灣師範大學運動與休閒學院粉絲專區)「中強度運動才可增強免疫力，體育系教授帶你一窺奧秘」：https://www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw/index.php/2020/04/24/2020-04-24-2/
∎[6] (健康醫療網)「疫情關在家怎麼運動？ 　跳繩、椅子操、門拉桿強肌力」：https://www.healthnews.com.tw/news/article/50127
　　
➤➤照片
∎學者提出運動強度和上呼吸道感染風險之間形成了J型曲線的關係 (Nieman, 1994) ：https://bit.ly/34xDZ3t
　
∎"倒 J 假說" (inverted J hypothesis 可用來說明運動劑量與免疫的關係「中度運動」會提升免疫能力進而避免感染的機會相反地「劇烈運動」卻會壓抑免疫能力進而提升感染的機會。
►https://bit.ly/2RR1jGG
　　
2. 【國衛院論壇出版品 免費閱覽】
▶國家衛生研究院論壇出版品-電子書(PDF)-線上閱覽
https://forum.nhri.org.tw/publications/
　　
3. 【國衛院論壇學術活動】
▶https://forum.nhri.org.tw/events/
　　
#衛生福利部 #國家衛生研究院 #國衛院 #國家衛生研究院論壇 #國衛院論壇 #國民健康署 #新版運動指引 #運動
　　
國立臺灣師範大學 National Taiwan Normal University體育系 / 衛生福利部 / 國民健康署 / 財團法人國家衛生研究院 / 國家衛生研究院-論壇

本集廣告與「圖文不符上課囉」合作播出

※ 課程優惠已到期 ※

阿滴志祺在你家！人氣 YouTuber 線上開班
減少摸索期的不安，直接享受經營樂趣 🥊
【攻心剪輯術】＋【YouTuber 的 36 堂課】熱烈販售中！

——
#攻心剪輯術 教你事前規劃+事後剪輯心法，影片不白拍，效率 level up！
✓器材設置：房間即影棚！教你篩選最合用的高 CP 器材
✓拍攝規劃：強化你的故事結構，讓人把影片一路看完
✓後製剪輯：350 部影片的斷捨離之道，通通告訴你！

#YouTuber的36堂課 帶你突破頻道盲點，手把手從基礎教你經營個人品牌！
✓籌措頻道：規劃頻道的必學知識，帶你做第一支影片
✓探索經營：破解後台抓住粉絲，每支影片都人氣發燒
✓穩定擴張：系列影片 feat 網紅，觀眾翻倍的爆棚策略
✓人氣變現：YouTuber 變現秘訣，業配營收原來這樣賺！
——


現在就進入網站，看試閱影片、了解課程如何幫助你吧！
攻心剪輯術
👉🏻 https://bit.ly/HHrdcutcut
YouTuber 的 36 堂課
👉🏻 https://bit.ly/HHYouTuber

本集節目內容由志祺七七頻道製作，不代表「圖文不符上課囉」立場。

--
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＃寵物過胖 ＃貓狗減肥
各節重點：
00:00 前導
01:04 《YouTuber 的 36 堂課》廣告段落
01:53 太胖會讓身體負擔很大！
02:46 長太胖心裡也會不高興？
03:35 想知道有沒有過胖，可以參考標準數字嗎？
04:12 怎麼看體態？
05:14 吃太多、動太少！
06:18 其他可能導致變胖的原因
07:07 怎麼控制熱量？
07:52 增加運動量，也要小心！
08:24 定期監控很重要！
08:48 送去貓狗減肥班？
09:26 我們的觀點
10:04 提問
10:20 結尾

【 製作團隊 】

｜企劃：王葦
｜腳本：王葦
｜編輯：土龍
｜剪輯後製：鎮宇
｜剪輯助理：歆雅／珊珊
｜演出：志祺

——

【 本集參考資料 】

→The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats：https://bit.ly/3mxBR63
→Translational value of animal models of obesity—Focus on dogs and cats：https://bit.ly/3sCfttc
→貓食客，禍從口出——胖貓要減肥嗎？該怎麼減？：https://bit.ly/2W8ZG94
→別再騙是毛澎了？獸醫師教你檢測狗狗是否過胖：https://bit.ly/3B0Nw0O
→疾病多、壽命短，全球貓咪肥胖危機！飼主請正視！：https://bit.ly/3BbYPDR




＼每週７天，每天７點，每次７分鐘，和我們一起了解更多有趣的生活議題吧！／

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本集主題：「益生菌2.0大未來：人體微生物逆轉疾病的全球新趨勢」介紹
　　
訪問作者： 蔡英傑
　　　　
內容簡介：
全球醫學大熱門•暗黑世紀光明解方
台灣第一本全面解析益生菌的重量級專書
亞洲益生菌權威30年研究總集成
超越腸道研究範疇，「人體百兆共生菌」神助攻、強化身體韌性
　　　
　　★讓你三觀大改、掌握最新微生物體醫療技術的動態趨勢
　　★用科學數據教你養好「體內百兆微生物」的不生病計畫
　　★以專業評比剖析｢市售益生菌產品｣最可信賴的保健指南
　 　　　
　　人體微生物失調，是現代瘟疫蔓延最大加速器。如何自求多福，成為可生存的「適者」？必須具備相信科學數據的益生菌2.0新思維！本書作者費心整理數十年研究試驗之成果，集結全球各國先端益生菌研究發展現況，並與世界頂級專家交流，高規格評比市售益生菌產品之品質，詳細解說不同菌株對於各項疾病的預防與改善效果，希望能讓讀者見識到最先進的益生菌株及罕見功能，找到最適合個人的保健產品，並用正確的方法補充益生菌，學習觀察與優化自己體內的百兆共生菌。人體共生菌決定我們的健康和壽命，當共生菌失衡﹅失守時，人體的生理健康乃至心靈也會隨時崩潰。益生菌扮演後援軍的角色，介入時機﹅菌株種類與數量，什麼體況與病情該如何調整劑量﹖益生菌2.0的思維，是一門人人都得學會的自我保護課程。
　　　
　　本書深入解析大自然界看不見的巨大力量，人體內天天上演的｢共生菌｣與｢病原菌｣激烈戰爭。全球醫療緊繃紅色警戒，現代人｢體質｣與｢精神力｣皆快速黑化，我們能做的是：相信科學數據、不隨便跟著感覺走；認識優質益生菌，增加免疫力後援，保護與壯大體內共生菌。
　　　
　　▲重新發現你的百兆共生菌
　　．人體有百兆以上的共生菌。一口唾液裡每毫升約有上億隻微生物。我們平均一天向外界散發出大約四千萬隻細菌和七百萬隻真菌。
　　　
　　．人類基因數量與小小的果蠅相仿，只有兩萬多個基因，而人體共生菌的基因體總和，卻是人類基因體的千倍以上！
　　　
　　．腸道中的嗜脂陰性菌，其實是幫我們回收消化不完全的脂肪，避免浪費資源，結果因為我們實在吃太多脂肪，嗜脂菌大量繁殖，引起全身慢性發炎，它們無端被歸類為壞菌，真是太冤枉了。
　　　
　　．自然產與剖腹產的寶寶會承接不同共生菌。自然產的嬰兒，腸道、皮膚、口腔，都有來自母親陰道的乳酸桿菌、普氏菌、斯尼斯菌等。剖腹產的嬰兒，則多的是金黃色葡萄球菌、棒狀桿菌、丙酸桿菌等來自母親皮膚的菌。
　　　
　　．母乳不但有菌，種類還多達近千種。母乳中還有大量的母乳寡糖，是最適合嬰兒腸道菌的絕佳益生元，也就是滋養腸道菌所需的營養來源。
　　　
　　．90%的疾病都和人體共生菌有關。腸道菌的影響不只侷限於腸道，而是遍及全身。青光眼、視網膜病變、黃斑部病變等眼睛病變，都和腸道菌有關。
　　　
　　．飲食習慣和環境對於腸道菌的影響，大過於遺傳基因。以高纖飲食為主的哈扎族，腸道菌中分解纖維的普氏菌多達60％。家裡養狗的孩子腸道菌相較豐富，較少感染呼吸道疾病。
　　　
　　▲超前布署！用益生菌養好人體百兆共生菌
　　．歐美有80％以上的醫生會推薦使用益生菌，對益生菌越了解的醫生，推薦意願越高。
　　　
　　．優質益生菌都有改善排便、幫助消化、增強腸道蠕動等核心功效，至於免疫過敏、代謝調節、神經心理等，則是特殊菌株才有的高階功效。
　　　
　　．益生菌對健康的好處說不完：有助預防流感、減輕症狀、提升流感疫苗效力。還能降低口腔病菌，改善發炎，預防牙齦炎或牙周炎效果優於預防蛀牙。口服益生菌會提升整體黏膜免疫力，有助於在泌尿生殖道中對抗病菌感染。抗生素配合特定益生菌，治癒率極高。
　　　
　　．益生菌為精神疾病防治帶來新契機！憂鬱症、巴金森氏症、阿茲海默症、自閉症、過動症、妥瑞症、蕾特氏症等，這些症狀共通的關鍵詞是：免疫、發炎、腸道菌，因此都有益生菌介入的機會。
　　　
　　．掌握益生菌產品選購使用的關鍵知識，買對產品，吃出健康。例如：坊間流行自己製作優酪乳，若使用「市售優酪乳」作為菌母時，發酵菌（嗜熱鏈球菌與保加利亞乳桿菌）會優先生長，但「功效菌株」難以生長。一般市售的「DIY專用菌粉」，也多半不含功能型益生菌。所以DIY優酪乳，喝不到最重要的「功效益生菌」。如果使用低品質或由親友分讓來路不明的菌母，也可能發酵力太弱，萬一「雜菌」長出來就麻煩了，所以不推薦DIY優酪乳。
　　　　　　
作者簡介：蔡英傑
　　日本東京大學農學博士。
　　　
　　現任：陽明大學產學講座教授、亞洲乳酸菌學會聯盟院士、台灣乳酸菌協會名譽理事，以及益福生醫公司、揚生生技公司、惠生研生技公司等多家企業科技顧問。
　　　
　　曾任：陽明大學生化所所長、醫學系生化科主任、生化暨分子生物研究所特聘教授，東京大學生物科技系客座教授。
　　　
　　創設：台灣乳酸菌協會（擔任第一、二屆理事長）及亞洲乳酸菌學會聯盟（擔任第二、三屆會長）。
　　　
　　著有：《你不能沒腸識》、《腸命百歲》系列。　
　　　
　　　
作者粉絲頁： 蔡英傑教授腸命百歲會談室
　　　
出版社粉絲頁： 方舟文化



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由於上幾代的125、150綿羊仔乏力又老土，所以Hit唔起。但新一代台灣綿羊仔唔止造型賽車化，而且又好飛，改裝空間巨大，令騎士對綿羊仔刮目相看，近年更受惠於經濟不景氣，令到慳油又容易保養的綿羊仔賣到滿堂紅，並成為當紅外賣車，無論去到那裡都有她們的蹤影。如果讀者正考慮買部綿羊仔代步，又唔想到處撞款，可以考慮歐洲風味的「大轆羊」—PIAGGIO MEDLEY S 150 ABS。

顧名思義，「大轆羊」配置大直徑輪圈，而一般綿羊仔多採用10吋、12吋、13吋或14吋輪框；就過去的標準來看，採用14吋輪框的綿羊都可歸納為「大轆羊」，而新抵港的2020 PIAGGIO MEDLEY S 150 ABS採用前16吋、後14吋輪框配搭。

事實上，今次介紹的2020 MEDLEY S 150 ABS屬於一部Facelift版(改良版)，而舊款大概在19年初面世。雖然兩部車看起來分別不大，但細節有不少改動，例如新版本採用新設計的鬼面罩及新款LED車頭大燈、掣動升級菊花碟、採用新款液晶大屏幕儀錶，取代舊款三圓指針式儀錶、尾避震轉用象徵Racing的鮮紅色彈簧、煞車卡鉗改用黃金色，尾乘客腳踏及輪框都是新設計，晶片車匙降低偷車誘惑之餘，更具有搵車功能，只要一按，指揮燈亮起，告訴車主正確位置。

2020 PIAGGIO MEDLEY S 150 ABS採用水冷單汽缸四衝程155cc OHC 4汽門引擎，馬力輸出15ps/7,750rpm。該引擎採用綠色能源i-get系統運作，使用無碳刷摩打的綜合起動著車（Integrated Start），令傳統的著車聲近乎消失，Start & Stop System讓車子停車約3秒後自動熄火，令耗油量進一步減少，在油價高企年代尤為重要，騎士只要扭動油門，引擎就以繁捷身手著車。另一方面，新款LED頭燈在自動熄火情況下，扯電量較舊款的鎢絲頭燈低，可減低電池負荷，使電池壽命更長。

「大轆羊」是專攻歐洲市場的綿羊仔，極受通勤騎士歡迎。相比細輪框，大輪框的優點在於直路行駛更穩定，試想像馬路上有個拳頭般大小的坑洞，要是小輪框輾過後更容易令車身產身強烈震盪；大輪框卻從容不迫地輾過，換句話「大轆羊」處理爛路的能力更高，行駛凸凸凹凹的路面更穩定，並且更容易駛上路壆泊車，理論上與爬山車的大直徑輪框有異曲同功之妙。

一般來說，大輪框的轉向反應未必及小輪框靈活，然而「大轆羊」針對市區通勤之用，因此廠方為了讓「大轆羊」更靈活，所以配備較窄的輪框，以MEDLEY S 150 ABS為例，採用100/80-16吋前胎及110/80-14吋尾胎，比一般綿羊仔更窄，況且MEDLEY S 150 ABS子只有132kg濕重，個人覺得要做到笨重的轉向反應，比起要做到好靈活更高難度。因此在交通擠塞下扭軑轉彎或攝車罅，倍感輕鬆。亦因為身輕如燕關係，在高速公路行駛難免會有飄的行駛感。

亦因為MEDLEY S 150 ABS配置大直徑輪框，以及座位下可以擺放兩頂大頭佛的實用空間，所以MEDLEY S 150 ABS的座高達到799mm，因此身高5呎6吋高的編者難免吊腳，可是駕駛時雙腳較舒適，唔駛屈住屈位，前方視野高度像駕駛一部400級的綿羊。再者PIAGGIO MEDLEY S 150 ABS採用較堅固的高拉力鋼管車架，所以形成凸字型地台，騎士要運戴大型物品就要花一點心思。

雖然MEDLEY S 150 ABS只是150級綿羊仔，但加速表現卻有200級綿羊的影子，加速反應輕快，除非要接載體身超過170磅乘客（當日接載體重超過170磅同事），所以上斜較吃力，否則可滿足日常單騎駕駛需要。MEDLEY S 150 ABS的油門反應暢順好輕，跟VESPA的油門反應非常相似 (她們同屬一間母公司)，引擎在著車及行駛其間很寧靜，再者MEDLEY S 150 ABS擁有Stop-Start功能，引擎在燈位停車後大概三秒自動熄火，只要扭動油門，引擎便由熄火狀態迅速回復工作。雖然起動反應較正常情況下稍稍延遲，不過只是未習慣而矣，但該系統能夠更節省汽油，根據官方公佈的參考數字，1升油可行走46.7km，因此為了節省汽油及環保，還是啟動Stop-Start功能。

跟其他同類型擁有Stop-Start的綿羊相同，MEDLEY S 150 ABS也提供開關功能，讓一些不喜歡車輛在靜止狀態熄火的騎士，保持引擎運作。編者體重約150磅，個人認為MEDLEY S 150 ABS的避震設定雖然偏軟，不過就好舒適，原因香港的路況偏差，避震再軟一點編者都不介意，可是雙騎情況下（編者與攝影師共重320磅），當輪胎輾過較差路面時，避震或會出現觸底情況，而她的煞車系統頗強，在整日駕駛中給我好大信心。