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【第一單元內容概要】
🔹 程度: 進階
🔹 文法: 同義詞練習
🔹 閱讀主題: 管路系統趣味史

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📘【Ken的高頻單字筆記 I】
購買辦法：https://is.gd/H8W7Qj

📰 今天我們來讀讀【華爾街日報】
🖐🏽 五分鐘來關心國際時事 — 墨西哥治安 🇲🇽

📰 Mexico Reports Slight Decline in 2019 Homicides
Nation’s murder rate remained at highest level in decades despite fall in number of killings

MEXICO CITY—Mexico registered 209 fewer homicides in 2019 than a year earlier, the first decline in five years, though the murder rate remained at its highest level in decades, the National Statistics Institute said Wednesday.

📌 這篇文章討論墨西哥 (Mexico) 的殺人罪 (homicide) 數字的微小下降(slight decline)。nation是國家的意思，在這裡是指墨西哥，這是常用修辭方法之一。作者也用同義詞提高文章的可讀性： homicide vs murder vs killing。

The country registered 36,476 homicides last year, down from 36,685 in 2018, according to preliminary data based on death certificates. The homicide rate was unchanged from 2018 at 29 per 100,000 inhabitants, the highest level on records stretching back 30 years.

📌 這段交代有關數據，register (登記)、down from (從...下降)、according to preliminary data (根據初步資料) 和 unchanged (不變的)是常見用語。

“The important thing is that the government doesn’t rest on its laurels by saying we’ve slowed the rise in homicides,” said Cassius Wilkinson, a security analyst at political-risk consultancy Empra. “A plateau at historic highs still isn’t good for Mexico’s public security.”

📌 這段引述一位保安分析員 (security analyst) 的意見。rest on one’s laurels (不求進步) 是道地用語。plateau的原意是高原，在這裡引申指有關數字維持於高位不降。

Monthly police reports for 2020 show that homicides were up 1.5% in the first eight months of this year from a year earlier, although the numbers have been overshadowed by more than 74,000 deaths of people infected with the coronavirus.

The drop in the preliminary number of homicides for 2019 will likely become a small increase when final data are released at the end of October, said security analyst Alejandro Hope. “The good news is that it’s not growing, the bad news is that it’s not falling,” he added.

📌 這兩段繼續分析有關數字的走勢。overshadowed by (因為...失色的) 是生動的用語。preliminary 跟 final 是異義詞，the good news is that…the bad news is that… 是平行結構，也是很好的修辭方式。

Lowering the level of violence, much of it by organized-crime groups, is among the main concerns of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador whose strategy has been to reduce direct confrontation between security forces and heavily armed criminal gangs.

Since taking office at the end of 2018, Mr. López Obrador has disbanded the Federal Police and replaced it with a National Guard drawn mostly from the ranks of army and naval police. The National Guard has close to 100,000 members, and is expected to increase to 140,000.

📌 這兩段介紹墨西哥總統其中一項主要關注 (main concern) 就是降低暴力的水平 (lower the level of violence)。他的策略 (strategy) 是減少保安部隊 (security forces) 和犯罪集團 (criminal gang) 之間的直接對抗 (direct confrontation)。

Homicide rates last year fell in 15 of the country’s 32 states, including Baja California Sur and Quintana Roo—home to tourism hubs Los Cabos and Cancún—and Mexico City.

Among the most violent states was Guanajuato in central Mexico, which has been the site of fighting between the Jalisco New Generation Cartel and a gang of fuel thieves called the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel. Authorities arrested José Antonio Yépez, the alleged head of the fuel theft gang, in early August.

While violence increased in Guanajuato, the homicide rate fell last year in neighboring Jalisco state. The number of murders could be masked by an increase in forced disappearances in the state as the Jalisco cartel consolidates its control of the area, said Mr. Wilkinson.

“A lot of the states that lead the rankings are leading for different reasons,” he added, noting increased killings in northern states such as Sonora and Chihuahua. “I wouldn’t be surprised if the 2020 numbers are much higher.”

📌 這四段詳細分析墨西哥不同州的殺人罪率 (homicide rate)去年的情況。the rankings的意思就是排名。在旅游樞紐 (tourism hub)的州殺人罪率下降，個別州份因爲幫派的打鬥變得最暴力的。

未完待續...
📰 全文請至
https://reurl.cc/Md4Ra3
📰 作者
Anthony Harrup
📰 訂閱請至
https://bit.ly/3j82Q3W

《出走巴黎》（Synonymes ,2019）的主角約亞夫不像是一個地球人，像是剛抵達地球，尚在學習人類行為、生活模式的外星人。來自以色列的他，選擇在巴黎定居是為了徹底揮別過去。他不願多談軍旅生涯的際遇，也拒講希伯來語，只是再三強調以色列是一個注定在他有生之年會被消滅的國家。

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電影之初，我們看到他像是在跳現代舞一樣，裸身在一所空屋裡面四處奔竄。然後，一對情侶沒來由地出現供他衣物與錢財。這部電影，基本上就是這種調調，一切的出現與消逝，都是那麼任性而自由的，無法理性判讀。

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約亞夫習慣以背誦同義詞（Synonymes）的方式來學習法語，經常一人在街上喃喃自語，遊走在塞納河畔、聖母院等地。隨性的攝影鏡頭完全無法展現他與空間的關係，這是對生活不適應、與環境格格不入的表徵。然而，創作者的母題卻是等到片末才越來越清晰。

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近年，許多歐洲導演一窩蜂聚焦移民問題時，經常是換湯不換藥的人道主義關懷或政治社會批判。本片的切入角度卻堪稱獨樹一幟，導演那達夫．拉匹（Nadav Lapid）顯然習慣拐一個大彎，不求人直接理解，而希望觀者能「越想越不對」。

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好比，讓我們看見高舉自由、平等、博愛大旗的法國人竟要求移民者必須要學會高唱具有軍國主義色彩的〈馬賽曲〉。雖然是法國國歌，但歌詞中「什麼！這一幫外國鬼子，在我們家鄉稱霸！」這類歌詞，盡是18世紀的落後價值觀。

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而約亞夫千方百計想要逃離的以色列，卻正是處在法國國歌的狀態之下。導演並沒有明說約亞夫在以色列服役當中遭遇到的挫折，但從他屢屢談到自己對特洛伊王子赫克特（Hector）的同理，便可推敲他其實更願意站在弱者一方。

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《出走巴黎》是一部很怪異的電影，它很迂迴、很不討好、很不取巧。它不適合每一個觀眾，我猜導演可能也不在乎大眾的看法。說這部電影是關於「身分認同」，好像不足夠也不夠生動，或許可以說，這部電影是關於不同、不適應、不妥協、不相容、不協調。

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．
《出走巴黎》（2019）：不同、不適應、不妥協、不相容、不協調
https://wongwonder.pixnet.net/blog/post/227858186

海鵬影業 / Swallow Wings Films
台北電影節 Taipei Film Festival
#出走巴黎
#Synonymes