[教育時評] Distance Learning 遠程教學

I personally feel that universities will fully embrace distance learning and relevant technologies will be rapidly developed as a result.

個人認為，大學院校將會全面擁抱遠程教學，而相關科技也將因此迅速發展。

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US Universities Move Classes Online

The day after colleges across the country suspended classes over fears of the coronavirus, Abigail Lockhart-Calpito, a freshman from San Antonio, ran across the Harvard campus trying to get answers. Her lectures were being replaced by online classes. Her residence hall was being cleared out. She, like thousands of others in her shoes, had a million questions: What was going to happen to her financial aid? Where would she stay? What about her credits?

1. over fears of 擔心、擔憂
2. financial aid 助學金
3. school credit 學分

全國大學院校因新冠病毒擔憂停課的第二天，來自聖安東尼奧的大一學生阿比蓋爾·洛哈特-卡皮托(Abigail Lockhart-Calpito)在哈佛校園裡四處奔走尋找答案。她的課換成了在線教學。她的宿舍要騰空。現在，她和其他幾萬名面臨同樣處境的學生一樣，腦中有無數疑問：助學金怎麼辦？搬到哪裡去？學分呢？

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The abrupt disruption of the semester caused widespread concern and a feeling of chaos on campuses across the country. Administrators saw spring break as a chance to reset the clock in the battle against the coronavirus. One after the other, like dominoes, they announced they were suspending classes and asking students to pack up and go.

4. abrupt disruption 突然中斷
5. cause widespread concern 引發擔憂的蔓延
6. a feeling of chaos 混亂的感覺
7. across the country 在全國範圍內
8. reset the clock 歸零，重置
9. the battle against…對抗…的戰役
10. dominoes 多米諾骨牌
11. pack up 打包

在全國範圍內，學期被突然打斷，擔憂和一種陷入混亂的感覺在校園裡蔓延。管理者認為，春假是開始抗擊新冠病毒疫情的好時機，於是，如多米諾骨牌一般，他們一個接一個地宣布停課，並讓學生打包離開。

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On Wednesday, the closures continued. Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New York declared that the state and city university systems would move to distance learning, as did the University of Pennsylvania, several California State campuses, the Claremont Colleges, Iowa State, Georgetown, Pepperdine, Villanova, Notre Dame, Michigan State and Washington University in St. Louis, among others.

12. closure of 關閉
13. move to 移至
14. distance learning* 遠程教學
15. online learning 線上學習

星期三，更多學校關閉。紐約州州長安德魯·M·科莫(Andrew M. Cuomo)宣布，所有州屬、市屬大學都改為遠程教學。採取同樣措施的，還有賓夕法尼亞大學、加利福尼亞州立大學的幾所分校、克萊蒙特學院、愛荷華州立大學、喬治城大學、佩珀代因大學、維拉諾瓦大學、聖母大學、密西根州立大學和聖路易斯華盛頓大學等等。

*In a nutshell, the key difference between online learning and distance learning is geography. Students can be together with an instructor and use online learning, but distance learning implies that students and instructor are separated.

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Infectious disease specialists said that dormitories, with their communal bathrooms as well as dining halls with open buffets, are like cruise ships, with students squeezed together and facing increased risk of infection. Emptying them out, if only partially, is necessary, they said.

16. infectious disease 傳染病
17. dormitory 學生宿舍
18. communal bathrooms 公共浴室
19. open buffet 開放式自助餐
20. face increased risk of infection 面臨感染風險增加

傳染病專家說，學生宿舍裡有公共浴室和提供自助餐的食堂，學生被圈擠在一起，與郵輪一樣面臨高感染風險。他們說，把宿舍清空，即使只是一部分，也是必要的。

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Even those on the way to college in the fall felt the impact on Wednesday, as the SAT exam scheduled for Saturday was canceled in 18 countries and at more than 120 U.S. schools. In many cases, no alternative locations or makeup dates were offered.

21. on the way to 正要
22. feel the impact 感受到影響
23. be scheduled for 被排定於
24. in many cases 很多的例子
25. no alternative 沒有替代方案

即便那些秋季才入學的學生，也在週三感受到了影響。週三，18個國家和超過120所學校取消了原定在週六舉行的SAT測試。很多地方沒有公布替補考點或改期時間。

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Ms. Lockhart-Calpito, 19, is on full financial aid, which includes tuition, room and board. Her parents are self-employed, and she had scraped together airfare home for spring break by working two part-time jobs, as a tutor and as an usher and ticket seller. She is going to stay with a family friend instead of her parents, but she worries about wearing out her welcome.

26. full financial aid 全額助學金
27. tuition 學費
28. room and board 住宿費與餐費
29. usher (n.) 帶位員
30. wear out 消磨

19歲的洛哈特-卡皮托領著全額助學金，包括學費、住宿費和餐費。她父母是個體經營者，她自己勉強湊夠了春假回家的機票，為此她要打兩份零工，一份是家教，一份是領位兼售票員。她打算住在父母的一個朋友家中，而不是住父母那裡，但是她擔心，那家人可能會不太歡迎她。

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“Harvard expects us to go home,” she said on Wednesday. “But home for a lot of us is this campus.” As she went from office to office, officials told her apologetically that they had found out about the orders to shut down normal life on campus at the same time that she had, and so had few answers. Private charities and individuals were responding with offers to provide temporary lodging and financial help, she said.

31. expect someone to 期望某人做某事
32. tell someone apologetically 懷著歉意告知某人
33. find out 發現
34. provide temporary lodging 提供臨時住所

「哈佛希望我們回家，」她在週三說，「但是對我們很多人來說，學校就是家。」她跑了許多辦公室詢問，官員們很抱歉地告訴她，他們是與學生同時收到指令，得知校園的正常生活要被關停的，所以無法回答她的問題。她說有私人慈善機構和個人對此做出回應，向學生提供臨時住處和資金幫助。

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Harvard officials said they were swamped with requests for financial and logistical help and could not take time to talk in detail about the situation. They noted that Gov. Charlie Baker of Massachusetts had declared a public health emergency on Tuesday, and said that the university had been forced to respond in kind. But they said that any students who were on financial aid and had a “demonstrated need” would be taken care of.

35. be swamped with 被…淹沒
36. logistics 後勤；後勤學
37. declare a public health emergency 宣布公共衛生進入緊急狀態
38. respond in kind 以同樣方法（或手段）回應
39. on financial aid 領助學金的
40. a “demonstrative” need 經證實的需求
41. be taken care of 會被照料

哈佛校方表示，他們現在被資金和後勤方面的協助要求淹沒，沒有時間深入談論具體情況。他們提到，麻薩諸塞州州長查理·貝克(Charlie Baker)在週二宣布了公共衛生緊急狀態，學校也被迫要以類似的舉措進行回應。但他們表示，他們會照顧那些依賴助學金並「經證明有需求」的學生。

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The closures also presented challenges for foreign students enrolled at American universities on F visas. They are permitted to take only one course online per term to remain legally in the country; students on M visas for vocational training are normally not allowed to take any classes online.

42. present challenges 呈現了挑戰
43. F visas F簽證*
44. remain legally in the country 合法居留
45. vocational training 職業培訓

學校關閉也為持F簽證在美國大學學習的外國留學生帶來挑戰。要在這個國家合法居留，他們每個學期只允許選一門網課。而持M簽證接受職業培訓的學生，則通常不能選任何網課。

*F visas: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html

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Immigration and Customs Enforcement on Monday issued guidance, saying that it would be “flexible with temporary adaptations” for international students as universities adjust to the crisis. Carissa Cutrell, an agency spokeswoman, said the goal was to ensure that students were “able to continue to make normal progress in a full course of study as required by federal regulations.”

46. be flexible with... 對…保持彈性
47. temporary adaptations 臨時應變
48. adjust to 為…調整
49. ensure that... 確保...
50. make normal progress 做到維持正常進度
51. federal regulations 聯邦規定

週一，移民和海關執法局頒佈指導意見，說在學校調整應對當前危機時，該部門針對外國學生會有「臨時的應變靈活處理」。執法局發言人卡麗莎·卡瑞爾(Carissa Cutrell)說，目的是要確保學生「能夠保持正常的學習進度，以完成聯邦法規所要求的全部課程」。

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Megan Lobo, 18, a freshman at New York University, had her first two online classes on Wednesday, and will soon be moving home to Leonia, N.J. Her two-and-a-half-hour music class, she said, was not conducive to online learning. They used Zoom, the video application. “A lot of the relationships that you form in college are just kind of being around each other,” she said. “Especially for music — meeting people and networking. A lot of people I’ve met in the hallway or in class. Losing those small things can be a setback.”

52. conductive to 對…有利的
53. video application 影片應用程式
54. networking 網路
55. suffer a setback 遭遇挫折

紐約大學18歲的大一學生梅根·洛博(Megan Lobo)在週三上了頭兩節網課，很快將搬回紐澤西利奧尼亞市的家中。她說有一節兩個半小時的音樂課並不適合在線學習。他們用了影片應用Zoom。「在大學裡，很多關係的建立，其實就是大家在一塊兒，」她說，「尤其對於音樂來說——就是要與人見面，建立人際網路。很多人我都是在走廊或課上認識的。沒了這樣的小事是很遺憾的。」

完整報導: https://nyti.ms/3cY9zdw

圖片來源: https://nyti.ms/3d1qPid

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