「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

一個恍神，就忘了分享上個月入手的書，真的不得不說，現在是靜下心來好好閱讀最合適的時刻，雖然整體購書量下降，但書中的含金量卻始終沒有變過，依然很多好書、值得細細咀嚼的作品持續出版，大家不妨參考一下，而且七月的書豪華非常，待上市後再與來一一分享。
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先看六月份選書，其實早已讀完，但尚未分享，是已經單獨介紹過的「幡」書系第十一本：林芙美子的《#浮雲》曾由日本昭和時代最重要的導演成瀨巳喜男於 1955 年改編為同名電影，同時也是他的生涯代表作之一。「我想寫人的命運。我想寫在不合理的世界裡，無以名狀、存在於小說外側的小說。」由紀子為了擺脫與伊庭的祕密戀情，自願來到越南擔任軍方打字員，眼見整個世界在戰火底下動盪不安，此地安逸反而有如化外之境，由紀子不禁與富岡愈靠愈近，陷入另一段無法自拔的不倫戀情。戰爭結束後，兩人重返日本，卻始終無力攜手從頭來過。愛情的磨難，始於幻滅以後，因為徹底絕望，才更壓抑不住對希望的渴求。「我是宿命論的流浪者。我沒有故鄉。」在初版即暢銷六十萬冊的《放浪記》當中，林芙美子為自己寫下最佳注解，倘若令其成名的《放浪記》是一生只有一次的迷醉青春，生前最後一部完整長篇小說《浮雲》，便是她人生集大成的終極巨著。林芙美子曾任二戰時期筆部隊、國際交流作家、戰地記者，作品中可見豐富的異地見聞，堪稱日本女性旅行文學先鋒，其徘徊於婚姻制度之外的虛無愛情觀，時似自我放逐，時似毅然獨行，亦為人稱頌，本書描寫無法圓滿的不倫戀情，呈現日本戰後的舉國頹敗，藉由無處可去的情欲書寫重省生之意義。《浮雲》不僅是林芙美子人生最後一部完整長篇小說，更可謂其畢生最高傑作。
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其次，是原本考慮要選的拉丁美洲作家胡安卡洛斯奧內蒂《#短暫的一生》，此書不容易閱讀，卻相當值得挑戰。胡安瑪利亞布勞森才被廣告公司資遣，他的妻子此時卻罹患乳癌，失去一邊乳房。在妻子罹病後，布勞森接下朋友寫劇本的工作。在劇本裡，布勞森虛構一座名叫聖塔瑪利亞的城市，主角名叫亞瑟，他借用亞瑟來體現自己對波特萊爾的「惡」的渴望，他沉浸在虛構的情節中。布勞森的劇本設計亞瑟的鄰居住著一名叫葛嘉的女子，他常自房間薄牆聽到或偶爾偷窺到，繼而猜想葛嘉的生活與感情世界。葛嘉的職業是名妓女，緊挨著她的是皮條客。布勞森塑造的亞瑟形象，口袋裡總放著一把手槍，他讓亞瑟可以對葛嘉做出布勞森從來沒對妻子荷杜娣絲做過的事：在床上愛她的同時毆打她，而且打算殺她，一如卑鄙的皮條客對待他的妓女們一樣。奧內蒂是存在主義的信仰者，《短暫的一生》是奧內蒂樹立風格之作，採用大膽手法構思小說與人生的關係。奧內蒂的小說多以他的出生地蒙德維的亞，以及移居之城布宜諾斯艾利斯作為故事的發展背景，令人窒息的城市生活，一直是他小說中揮之不去的夢魘。他常常將經歷的人事物，清楚地折射在他的小說字裡行間。
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接著，是非常高興能擔任推薦人之一的作品：《#成為西蒙波娃》Becoming BEAUVOIR：A Life。波娃在世時，就已寫下許多回憶錄，但礙於時空背景、社會觀念且涉及他人，所以仍有許多細節被藏匿、許多真實心情被噤聲。Kate Kirkpatrick 這本最新傳記《成為西蒙波娃》，則全盤檢視過往波娃的自述，綜合最近幾年才公開的波娃日記與私人信件，補足過往未曾被看見的細節，也澄清社會與時代對她的種種誤解和批評，還原了立體而動態的細微面貌。不僅能讓我們全面且清晰地看見波娃與她所處的時代境況，看見她如何奮力回應那些阻礙與挑戰，更讓我們藉由審視不同時代的另一個靈魂，來更深刻理解自己的時代與自身所抱有的價值觀她的一生精采動人，有對自由的沉思，對真理的信仰，對自身不完美的真誠反省與無懼批判，也有熾熱的戀情。她也實際推動了世界各地的女性權益，讓女性更能為自己而活。此書利用最新公開的日記、信件等私人材料，重新檢視波娃過往的傳記、回憶錄、訪談之內容，也讓讀者重新認識過往那個仍舊嚴重性別不平等的年代。記住歷史，才更能理解平權之珍貴，也才更能在觀念上持續進步。另一方面，除了性別議題，更重新建立起波娃身為哲學家的一面，帶領讀者一窺她如何思索「存在」，並且「活出」哲學。波娃與沙特的感情，不只是世間一般情愛，更帶有深邃的哲學思辨、理智批判，最後，更會感動於他們智識的交織。
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還有幾日前做了贈書活動，傳奇紀實攝影師塞巴斯蒂昂．薩爾加多的口述傳記《#重回大地：薩爾加多的凝視》。1944 年出生於巴西鄉下，薩爾加多從小接觸大自然，父親是農場主人，希望他接管農場或是成為律師，但隨著庫比契克，當上巴西總統，國家經濟復甦，薩爾加多決心要成為經濟學家。1964 年，布朗庫元帥發動軍事政變，民間爆發大規模的抗議運動，為了逃離危險，他和妻子蕾莉亞於 1969 年踏上海外流亡之路，前往巴黎。在巴黎讀完經濟學博士班課程後，他為倫敦國際咖啡組織工作，享有優渥的薪水，在此時，他擁有人生第一台相機，短短時間，他已陷進了攝影的魅力之中，甚至決定放棄經濟學家的身分，成為攝影師。薩爾加多曾為知名的伽馬圖片社和馬格蘭攝影通訊社工作，並於 1994 年自立門戶，和妻子蕾莉亞成立了亞馬遜影像圖片社。2016 年，他被選為法蘭西藝術院攝影組院士。攝影是他的語言，照片是他表達的方式，富含著他的思想、成長歷程與人生經驗。
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當然，另一本重量級作品《#我的奮鬥2：戀愛中的男人》，也是這批書單中不可忽視的一本，《我的奮鬥》為 2009 至 2011 間挪威最重要的當代作家之一卡爾・奧韋・克瑙斯高所創作的半自傳小說，共六冊，主題分別為：死亡、愛情、童年、工作、夢想與思考。克瑙斯高在第一部《父親的葬禮》以死亡作為開篇，談論了父親於他的意義及父親悲慘的晚年，他大膽地揭露了自己的生活，直白且露骨的創作風格吸引了無數讀者，光是在挪威的銷量就突破了五十萬冊。在接續的第二部《戀愛中的男人》裡，他描寫的是如何與第二任妻子墜入愛河的故事。 從追求、戀愛、結婚到生子，克瑙斯高完整地記錄了一段愛情中最熱烈與最黑暗的時刻。
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以及，個人相當喜愛的作家《淘金殺手》派崔克德威特新作《#野蠻法國行》，同樣被改編成電影，敘述豪門寡婦法蘭西絲的人生計畫：就是在沒錢之前死掉。沒想到二十年過去，她還活著，她與獨子馬爾康幾乎將丈夫的遺產揮霍殆盡，於是決定拋下紐約的一切，不與任何人道別，帶著僅存的現金和已成年的兒子一同前往巴黎，還有家中的老貓小法蘭克，因為法蘭西絲相信死去丈夫的靈魂在貓身上。佔有慾強、咄咄逼人的寡婦母親，和優柔寡斷、似乎不想長大的成年兒子，看似不和的兩人，一路上演鬧劇般的互不相讓，古怪的默契又意外令人動容。然而，紐約客的聰明和刻意的儀態終究掩飾不了內心劇烈的傷痛。名流富豪的生活絕非人人都能擁有，卻也沒有人能不活在他人的目光下，看似「野蠻」的儀態和沒有限制的人生，不代表一切可以自由選擇，生命有各自的泥淖。卡繆曾說，真正嚴肅的哲學問題只有一個。全書看似諷刺上流社會，其實在荒謬與鬧劇背後，作者始終有意藉由「不尋常」的人物，探索人的「處境」。如同前作《淘金殺手》，作者派崔克德威特的小說語調再輕鬆滑稽、漫不在乎，情節再荒謬歪樓，對白再辛辣好笑，都不妨礙他冷不防地拋出值得深思的哲學問題，人要去哪裡才能活得自由？天生氣場難自棄的法蘭西絲當然有被討厭的勇氣，她看似什麼都不缺，誰能明白她缺少什麼？又有多少人能夠像她這樣野蠻地活著？結局令人回味無窮。
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還有《#在所有母親之間》也頗具吸引力，是主人翁布萊絲向前夫敘述她身為母親的困境與遭遇，與讀者開展一部懸疑驚悚的家庭故事。布萊絲的不安溯源家族三代，她的母親，以及母親的母親都不是稱職的媽媽，每個母親都以防衛甚至折磨的方式對待女兒，而長大後她也成為一位看似神經質的媽媽。當女兒薇歐列忒出生後，布萊絲的期待破滅了，她感受到雙方不對盤，女兒總是乖戾而拒絕合作，當她抱起女兒想要安撫卻換來尖叫淒厲，她甚至覺得自己目睹女兒惡魔般的行為。然而，薇歐列忒在爸爸面前卻表現像個小天使，夫妻之間逐漸產生裂縫。後來，弟弟山姆出生，在兒子身上，布萊絲終於找到期盼已久的親子之愛，薇歐列忒似乎也愛這位弟弟，沒想到，一場突如其來的意外撕裂了她的家庭，當她重新回想起來驚覺，女兒好像伸手推了這一切。親子關係是自古以來的課題，愛與恨，教與養，各種心理戰爭，本書帶領讀者進入一位母親的告白，驚悚的氛圍讀來心驚膽戰，故事的轉折讓人感到唏噓，震撼之餘也讓人反思自己與家人的親密關係。
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馬奎斯的另一本書又出版了，《#苦妓回憶錄》是他對愛情的禮讚，也是一首獻給生命的頌歌，更是他寫給遲暮人生的最後一封情書。晚年與病魔纏鬥多時的馬奎斯，意識到自己時日無多，他幾乎取消一切公開活動，全力投入回憶錄與這本封筆之作。書中每天都走在死亡邊緣的老記者猶如馬奎斯自己的化身，他藉由主角放蕩又純真的心路歷程，讓我們知道人生最悲慘的莫過於孤獨死去。每個人都有權利去愛，生命也許無法抵擋時間的流逝，但真摯的情感卻永遠都不會消失。以及，米蘭昆達拉的《#相遇》，他與文學、美學、藝術的相遇。相遇是「石火，電光，偶然」，雖然短暫，未必深入，但有時卻足以啟發一場偉大的文學邂逅和思維激盪，甚至影響小說藝術的歷史與生命。本書便收錄了昆德拉與其所崇敬的小說家、藝術家和偉大作品之間難忘而驚喜的相遇，透過隨筆、論述及訪談，暢談他所熱愛的文學、美學與藝術，也讓我們得以走入昆德拉龐大而深邃的思考世界，一睹這一次次相遇所迸發的思想火花。
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最貼近這個當下的小說，是普立茲獎得主勞倫斯萊特的《#十月終結戰》，故事從日內瓦一場世界衛生代表會開始，印尼一個難民營出現 47 人死於急性出血熱，僅被當作小事提出，出席會議的美國 CDC 副主任、流行病學家亨利帕森斯卻認為情況並不單純。亨利受託，親入險境尋找病原體，卻先受政治阻撓、後遭神秘病毒困住，同時，令人擔心的事正要發生：一名感染者正前往每年有數百萬信徒聚集的聖城麥加，參與朝聖之旅。感染果然一觸即發，沙烏地阿拉伯官方下令封城，但三百萬朝聖者能一個人都不離開？疫情入侵美國，國土安全部副主任對可能發生的生物戰能做出正確回應？全球旅行頻仍的時代，一場大流行挑戰了裂痕重重的全球關係，病毒侵襲的不只是生命，還有支持文明的各種體制。書中的微生物學家、流行病學家在發現了可怕的流行病毒後，不惜親身歷險，尋找解決讓世界陷入困局的神秘病毒起源和治癒方法，萊特透過小說對所有第一線醫護專業人員致敬，在這個圍繞醫學、政治、科學與人性的故事中，我們更得以知道他們存在的重要性。
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壓軸的是一本華文小說與韓國小說，鄧觀傑《#廢墟的故事》以八篇短篇小說組成，地景從馬來西亞首都西北的小鎮漂洋過海來到台北的邊陲地帶頂樓加蓋公寓。從異文化的邊陲到異國城市的邊陲，語言、文化的差異讓敘事者重新學習，學習如何透過敘事重新站立在世界的中央。國家，民族，地域，家庭與個人，鄧觀傑試圖為這些問題提出階段性的解答，作為青年時期的終結。「童年，是作家的提款機」鄧觀傑的這台 ATM 似乎沒有提款的上限，源源不絕的情節漫布在每則短篇裡。
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而閔智炯的《#她厭男她是我女友》，敘述主角金勝俊再次遇見她時，是在要求墮胎合法化的示威現場，這個讓他思念多年的初戀情人，會成為人們口中的「女性主義者」，而最沒料到的是，他發現自己再次無可救藥地愛上她。儘管網路上、好友間充斥各種對女性主義者的批評，勝俊仍深信兩人的邂逅是命運給的第二次機會。但她卻斷言他們之間不可能，最後還提出交往的條件：如果勝俊先想要分手，就要給她一百萬。勝俊不過是想談一場平凡的戀愛，卻沒有一件事情照著他的想像發展，彼此價值觀的歧異讓他的壓力日漸累積，終於在某個事件後徹底爆發開來。作者初戀是在國三時，大學二年級正式談了第一次戀愛，發現自己好像有戀愛的天賦，所以努力發揮才能地戀愛和分手。2016 年受到「江南殺人事件」的衝擊，開始研究女性主義，深刻體認到女性主義對人際關係和愛情的影響，而這部小說便是這些體認的成果。
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（以上文字節錄自各出版社書介。）

疫情爆發以來，藝術家能做的事不多，平常就閉關在家其實挺習慣，但是總想為社會做些事、幫上忙，想了半天安撫人心也許還行吧！於是另一本「地獄空」將趕在中元普渡八月初出版上市，由典藏出版社社長發心首肯出版，設計名家黃子欽操刀，附贈很多符咒給大家趨吉避凶。諸惡莫作，眾善奉行，疫情消退，平安喜樂。附上後記給大家解封後參訪這些宮廟，觀照自己的心所。全文如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鐘情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。

2017年盛暑拍畢「巨神連線」，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒…總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鸞堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山…）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開郎基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘糟屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截…等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄…兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼…等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石…小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭…等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮…等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤…等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍…等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據「十八泥犁經」記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

｜MIRROR追星族｜80後港媽帶仔女追MIRROR 父母早亡曾變蒲妹染毒 現追星當身教：填補咗以前嘅空白
香港樂壇已死、香港電視已死，這些咸豐年代的口號，恐怕難再得到認同。皆因這一年，香港人史無前例熱烈地追香港星、聽香港歌、睇香港節目，流行文化再次焫着大眾成為熱話，浩浩蕩蕩迎來另一新世紀。單憑一隊港產天團MIRROR，成功令港女們由追韓星變回追港星，一批有心有力的「迷媽」，更成立媽媽專屬的鏡粉後援會，帶埋仔女齊齊追活動，買周邊，排隊十小時只見偶像一面，香港人，很久未笑得如此開懷，壞時代裏追星，彷彿成了集體的情緒出口。

「臨時收到消息，MIRROR今天下午在旺角有扭蛋活動，我們現在趕去，你在哪？」4月某個早上，收到媽媽鏡粉群組管理員、32歲的Catherine來電，立即更衣拎相機出發，跟這位素未謀面的受訪者追星。打開她們今年年頭新開的粉絲Telegram群組，未讀訊息幾千個，原來昨夜已在熱烈討論今天追MIRROR的策略，如何內應外合，先拔頭籌見到12子。
早上11時，烈日下在旺角某商場外已圍了百多人，外表細細粒、打扮年輕的Catherine特別易認，她說9時排隊頭的成員霸了好幾個位，有剛湊完仔女上學的，有趁lunch time瞞着老闆趕來的，也有剛被老公以電單車送過來的幸福師奶。媽媽們一呼百應，比同場少女更狂熱。這邊廂，年輕時追開星的迷媽忙着給意見，研究MIRROR從哪個出口現身，追蹤着12子的IG猜測到場時間；那邊廂忙着交換剛花了兩天搜刮的MIRROR封面雜誌，順道投訴一下，如果阿仔默書再退步就不帶他看演唱會。
現場又熱又吵鬧，我只覺暈眩，但偶像出場時，即使距離千百丈遠，卻莫名地欣喜若狂。記者在一遍尖叫聲中完成了第一次追星體驗。為何只見到幾分鐘甚至只是背影，都已覺值得？「看見喜歡的事物，就能釋放某種壓力，而且能影相畀阿仔阿女睇。」矮小的Catherine應該很難看到甚麼，卻瞇眼滿意地笑了，媽媽們你一言我一語地分享着剛拍的直播影片。
孩子想追星　「努力考好呈分試」
「她追起上來很瘋狂，是黐線的！有一次在房中看Chill Club頒獎禮，我在房中做功課，她突然尖叫，MIRROR拿組合獎時又叫，見到Jer和教主又叫。」提起媽媽的瘋狂程度，子女不禁捧腹大笑，直指她迷妹指數有10粒星。
港媽Catherine在追看全民造星時已留意MIRROR，正式「落坑」變成忠粉，卻是受8歲的兒子迦諾和11歲的女兒迦稀所感染，「其實是女兒『荼毒』我，本來我對MIRROR一無所知，但前陣子工傷放假，身邊的朋友和仔女都叫我看《男排女將》，又說《全民造星》好正，於是就開始翻看ViuTV的節目。」無限斜棟有限公司、考有feel、 晚吹、Chill Club……一家人對ViuTV節目如數家珍，連原本沒興趣的爸爸，跟老婆馬拉松式看過《全民造星1》後都喜歡上MIRROR，雖不至於陪跑追星，但至少不會投訴。
Catherine笑言開始時只陪仔女追星，「我女兒很想入MIRROR fans club，她最喜歡Jeremy，一直想知道他的最新消息，我怕她年紀太細亂入group會說錯話，就陪她一起加入後援會。」 對TG、IG一竅不通的Catherine入齊12子的fans club收集偶像情報，MIRROR演唱會飛一票難求，Catherine除了準備好幾部iPad、電腦和電話搶飛，也特別在fans club為女兒抽飛，「抽到飛那天我們都開心到尖叫。不過我跟仔女約法三章，例如要努力考呈分試才能去，最後除非嚴重失手，否則我都會讓他們去看。」
我們小時候總會喜歡一些明星，聽情歌喊濕一個枕頭才叫青春過。Catherine的少女時代卻一片狼藉。母親在她4歲時自殺離世，父親忙工作，自小她得倚賴親戚照顧，寄人籬下，爸爸亦在她15歲時因末期肝癌離開了，她孑然一身，搬離從沒有愛的家，心卻一直空洞，「那時我開始半工讀，識了班朋友，早上返工，夜晚就落disco蒲。」飲酒、吸毒、尋開心，過了一段天花亂墜的日子，「身邊有些朋友因為吸毒後不願返工，甚至因為玩毒品而出事，有一刻覺得不能繼續墮落，惟有自救，就找些事寄託。」那年側田的歌陪她度過了艱難的階段，「側田真的救了我，那時我很喜歡他，但我基層家庭出生，拎綜援，平日生活已拮据，我有畀錢加入側田歌迷會，但沒閒錢追活動。」
曾是蒲妹染毒癮　追星夢未圓
「二百年後在一起，應該不怕旁人不服氣。」側田的《命硬》是Catherine跟前夫的愛情寫照，「我家庭背景比較複雜，前夫是獨子，成長於小康之家，他家人難免覺得我不是好的媳婦。」本想歷劫還是在一起，然而婚姻生活波濤洶湧，二人最終分開，子女跟Catherine一起生活。
「我本身已沒有好的家庭背景，到最後也未能為仔女提供一個跟親生爸爸一起生活的完整家庭，但想讓他們知道我愛他們，小時候我缺乏關顧，不想他們因為缺乏愛而行差踏錯。」一起追星成為親子活動，圓夢之餘也想讓他們明白，追星也是種身教和學習過程，同時在偶像奮鬥故事中彌補自己過去的空白，「跟他們一起追，一起瘋，希望關係親密一點，長大後他們有甚麼都跟你說。」
Catherine學舞十多年，鍾情跳Jazz，更考過CSTD（澳洲聯邦舞蹈教師協會），在舞蹈學校教過跳舞。她天生一把好嗓子，學校、教會合唱團總有她身影，然而只得146cm高的她常被笑像小儀，「中學比賽時很緊張，唱歌時常反白眼，就給人恥笑拿你來做笑話，自此不敢再參加比賽，因為沒人真正欣賞我把聲，由小到大我都自卑，覺得明明有才能，但永遠做不到自己想做的事。」所以Catherine鼓勵子女發展自己興趣，迦稀由小喜歡跳舞，就讓她學舞。
迦稀和迦諾以前愛韓星K-pop，但文化語言成為追星障礙；直至MIRROR出現，除了外表與才華，也迷上全民造星參賽者的追夢歷程，一班素人經歷無數次失敗才成功踏上舞台，「姜濤說自己沒朋友，因為以前是個胖子，可能都觸動到我兒子，因為他也是個小肥仔，但努力總會成功。所以他想學跳舞，之後會去偶像AK（Anson Kong）開的學校試堂。」迦諾擺出AK的招牌手勢，笑嘻嘻話要參加第18屆全民造星。
媽媽組粉絲團　照顧小鏡粉
今年1月，Catherine加入由一班媽媽組成的粉絲群組MIRROR HK Mama Fans Club，每天交流偶像情報甚至親子資訊，因為正職是CS公關姐姐，她擅長跟別人溝通，在群組中活躍度高，很快成為副會長，協助舉辦應援活動，例如到《男排女將》拍攝場地「瑜家廚房」用餐；到Jer《狂人日記》拍MV的雲吞麵店朝聖，近期大家密鑼緊鼓為MIRROR演唱會製作應援物品。除了相約買偶像周邊產品，媽媽們會分工合作走勻各區尋找有MIRROR訪問的報章雜誌，跟一般追星族最大的分別是，很多場合她們也帶同孩子，年紀4歲至十多歲的大小鏡粉，形成了一個特別的親子活動群組，互相照應。
過程中Catherine看見很多小朋友獨個追星，有工人姐姐帶同8、9歲女童出活動，也有些小學生獨個兒街上蹓躂，有時Catherine不忍心就會主動照顧小鏡粉，跟小朋友和少女打成一片，「重要的是識到一班朋友，大家都是有經歷的母親。雖然已不是妹妹仔般年輕，但現在可告訴別人，做媽媽也可以有鍾意的偶像，也可去追星。」問迦稀有個跟自己一起瘋狂的媽媽，會感到幸福嗎？內斂女孩想推搪了一會，才娓娓道出：「我覺得她很厲害 ，很少媽媽會這樣做，多謝你這樣不尋常地跟我們一起追星，不尋常得非常好。」

影片:
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【娛樂人物】情願市民留家唔好出街聚餐 鄧一君兩麵舖執笠蝕200萬 (蘋果日報 Apple Daily) (https://youtu.be/e3agbTOdfoY)

果籽 ：http://as.appledaily.com
籽想旅行：http://travelseed.hk
健康蘋台： http://applehealth.com.hk
動物蘋台： http://applepetform.com

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