【每日國際選讀：六大災難專題報導】
No.3 #美國911事件
🚨911的啟示——美國的警鐘到全球的喪鐘？

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🛩When al Qaeda terrorists flew jetliners into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, they delivered an unprecedented shock to the nation’s sense of security and its economy. Commercial aviation was grounded for three days. The destruction to lower Manhattan closed the stock markets. Heightened security slowed trade with Canada and Mexico to a crawl. Nervous shoppers stayed away from stores and malls.
當蓋達組織駕駛著噴射客機撞向紐約世貿中心及五角大廈時，他們給美國的安全感以及經濟帶來了前所未有的衝擊，航空業因此停業三天，曼哈頓下城區的毀壞導致股票休市，高強度的安檢使得跟加拿大及墨西哥間的貿易停滯不前，焦慮的民眾因此不敢到商店及購物中心消費。

-unprecedented: 前所未見的（最近很常出現的用字！）
-ground: 常見用法是名詞為地板，此做動詞是禁足、限制的意思
-crawl: 爬行，此作名詞使用

🛩Economists predicted the attacks would tip a slowing economy into recession. People would be more reluctant to fly, work in a tall building or base their office in New York City.
因民眾將愈發不願搭乘飛機、在高樓工作，或是將辦公室設於紐約，當時經濟學家預測這將使當時已放緩的美國經濟進入衰退。

-tip: 使傾倒，這邊是個很生動的用法，搭配介係詞into，表示將當時已經搖搖欲墜經濟給再推了下，推入衰退中，這也是近期在專欄中第二次出現的字了！
reluctant: 不情願的

📉But the U.S. bounced back remarkably quickly. It was later determined that a recession triggered by the technology bust had begun six months before the attacks and ended two months afterward.
但隨後美國經濟卻迅速反彈，事後發現當時經濟已經因為半年前的科技泡沫而開始衰退，隨後在911事件兩個月後，這波衰退就結束了。

-bounce back: 反彈
-determine: 確定、查明
-trigger: 作名詞是槍上的板機，動詞則引申為觸發之意
＊technology bust: 又名為Dot-com bubble，網路泡沫，從1995年開始至2000年三月到達高點，期間納斯達克指數大漲400%，2000年三月後開始回跌，到2002年十月時將泡沫期間的漲幅全數吐回。

🚀One reason was the aggressive policy response. The day the markets reopened, the Fed and its counterparts in the Eurozone, Canada and Sweden all slashed rates. Low rates inspired auto manufacturers to roll out zero percent financing, sending sales skyrocketing. Fears of terrorism faded when new attacks didn’t materialize.
經濟反彈的主因為積極的政策應對，在市場重啟的那天，聯準會以及歐元區、加拿大與瑞典的央行都紛紛降息，低利率促使汽車製造商推出零利率貸款，因此讓銷量飛昇，後續也沒有新的恐攻發生，民眾因此對恐怖主義的懼怕也逐漸消退。

-slash: 名詞就是斜槓，動詞可以想像就是畫一條斜線，有砍下去的意思，因此搭配rates(利率)就是降息的意思喔！
-roll out: 推出、實施（新的方案等）
skyrocket: 飛向天空的火箭，做動詞用就是有如火箭升空一般，表示迅速飆漲、飛昇

💵Within two weeks Congress approved $40 billion for emergency rebuilding and defense and $5 billion in cash assistance and up to $10 billion in loan guarantees to airlines. Both parties agreed more stimulus was needed but negotiations soon bogged down over its composition. When a package worth $51 billion over one year and $94 billion over five years finally passed in March, a recovery was already well under way.
在兩週內美國國會就通過了400億美元的緊急重建與國防資金、50億美元的現金援助，以及高達100億美元的航空業擔保貸款，當時民主與共和兩黨都同意需要更多的經濟刺激方案，但不久後方案協商即陷入僵局，到了三月才終於通過一年510億的預算以及五年內940億美元的預算，到了此時經濟已進入復甦階段。

-approve: 通過、核可
-bog down: 阻礙、攔阻
-composition: 本為作曲、作文之意，此處為方案的產出

To be continued…
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原文連結請見留言
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❓❓Quiz: The outbreak _____ the economy into ______.
🙋🏼‍♀️🙋🏻‍♀️💁這場疫情使經濟陷入衰退。
A. tip, recession
B. tipped, recession
C. tripped, recess
D. Batman, Spartan
(第一版出題有誤，已修正）

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Enter into、chase after... 錯？
- #enter #INTO an agreement
- He’s always #chasing #AFTER women

明報| 英文 | 毛孟靜
————————-
有網上英語教室提出以下的錯與對例句：
Incorrect: We were not allowed to enter into the house.

Correct: We were not allowed to enter the house.

兩句話都是說，我們不准進入屋子。唯一的分別是，說enter 就好，enter into 是錯的。

事實是，enter 本身解作進入，into 也是進入的意思，enter into 似乎就不必要地重疊了。

但這並不等於enter into 永遠是錯的，#英文中確有enter #into 的講法。譬如說：

• The two investors decided to enter into a long term business relationship. 兩名投資者決定進入一段長久的營商關係。

類似的用法有enter into an agreement 合約、協議；以及a discussion 討論、對話。

也即是說，enter into 的講法不但正確，而且頗為普遍，用來表達投入或積極參與、熱衷於某事：it is correct and common when it means to participate in, to take an active role or interest in something.

• The ongoing protests have prompted him to quit banking to enter into politics. 持續的抗爭促使他放棄銀行業，投身政治。

• After a long stand-off, the two sides have finally agreed to enter into negotiations. 經過一段長時間的僵持，雙方終於決定談判。

另一個跟enter into 一樣、會引起類似文首疑問的詞組，是chase after。

大家都可能聽過的說法是，chase 本身已解作追逐，要追，當然是從後面追，所以只應該說I chased him 我追他，而不會說I chased after him 我從後面追他？

答案是，不一定呢，#英文肯定有chase #after 的講法。

• He took off, and I chased him. 他拔腳跑了，我追他。

• He took off more than a minute ago, but I decided to still chase after him. 他超過一分鐘前就拔腳跑了，但我仍然決定去追他。

上面兩句說話最大的分別，是第一句的行動是即時的，而第二句的追逐，就明顯有時間及距離上的分別，因而有「可望而不可即」的場景。

也許就同時解釋了chase after 是指男女關係上的追求。
- He is always chasing after women. 他會追求任何女子。
- Chasing after material possessions seems to be his goal in life. 他的人生目標似乎就是追求擁有物質。

總之要記得，enter into、chase after 都是正確的英文用法。

文︰毛孟靜

修潤英文

不久前，有個國際譯者協會會長寫一諫書呼籲國際社會介入促使金正恩釋放「犯錯」的口譯員，我說這英文寫作需要修潤，對一個專業譯者組織而言，顯得有些諷刺。經查，這位會長Aurora Humarán應是西班牙文母語，英文是外語，更應找英文母語的專業編輯或譯者幫忙潤稿，免得丟面子。以下建議的修改，以「最少的、必要的修改」爲標準，使之夠合乎英文用法，夠體面，可以刊登、出版。

[1] if true inexcusable 這插入成分寫得很笨拙，必須改。要表達的意思是：if the allegations are true, they are inexcusable。目前這樣寫，即使勉強不算真的錯誤，也造成讀者的剖析困難，例如，兩位網友就提出，是不是想表達 if truly inexcusable？不是的，如果是，語意邏輯就完全錯了。顯然，true inexcusable 擺在一起，容易造成誤解，無助於讀者將之斷開為 if true | inexcusable，改的方法很簡單，又以(a)較簡潔：
a. the allegations, inexcusable if true, that...
b. the allegations — if true, inexcusable — that...

[2] charged 前面最好加一個逗點，否則這麼長的一句，在這裡容易被誤讀成是「political prison camp」遭到指控。

[3] hurt 前面不可以有逗點，這是文法錯誤：英文的主詞和動詞之間不得加逗點。

原英文信如下（標示了應修改處。來源見留言）：

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL TRANSLATORS AND INTERPRETERS

The International Association of Professional Translators and Interpreters (IAPTI) is deeply concerned over the allegations【, if true inexcusable,】[1] that Interpreter Shin Hye-yong, who interpreted for the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Leader Kim Jung Un at the Hanoi summit with U.S. President Donald Trump, was detained at a political prison camp【】[2] charged with undermining the Leader’s authority by, in the judgment of undisclosed sources, making a “critical interpreting mistake” when President Trump walked away from the negotiations.

As an international association devoted to the advancement of the profession and its practitioners, we are troubled by the process, charges, and detention of Ms. Shin, and invite the authorities to reconsider these actions.

Diplomatic interpreting is an invaluable tool governments use to avoid conflicts and settle differences. Actions like the ones reported by the international media in this case【,】[3] hurt peaceful dialogue, and have a chilling effect on the interpreter and diplomatic community worldwide.

Aurora Humarán
President
On behalf of IAPTI's Board
May 31, 2019